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Aguilar-Hernández L, Alejandre R, César Morales-Medina J, Iannitti T, Flores G. Cellular mechanisms in brain aging: Focus on physiological and pathological aging. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 128:102210. [PMID: 36496000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a natural phenomenon characterized by accumulation of cellular damage and debris. Oxidative stress, cellular senescence, sustained inflammation, and DNA damage are the main cellular processes characteristic of aging associated with morphological and functional decline. These effects tend to be more pronounced in tissues with high metabolic rates such as the brain, mainly in regions such as the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. These regions are highly related to cognitive behavior, and therefore their atrophy usually leads to decline in processes such as memory and learning. These cognitive declines can occur in physiological aging and are exacerbated in pathological aging. In this article, we review the cellular processes that underlie the triggers of aging and how they relate to one another, causing the atrophy of nerve tissue that is typical of aging. The main topic of this review to determine the central factor that triggers all the cellular processes that lead to cellular aging and discriminate between normal and pathological aging. Finally, we review how the use of supplements with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties reduces the cognitive decline typical of aging, which reinforces the hypothesis of oxidative stress and cellular damage as contributors of physiological atrophy of aging. Moreover, cumulative evidence suggests their possible use as therapies, which improve the aging population's quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Aguilar-Hernández
- Lab. Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur 6301, San Manuel 72570, Puebla, Mexico; Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Alejandre
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Julio César Morales-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, AP 62, CP 90000 Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Tommaso Iannitti
- University of Ferrara, Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Lab. Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur 6301, San Manuel 72570, Puebla, Mexico.
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Giorgio M, Dellino GI, Gambino V, Roda N, Pelicci PG. On the epigenetic role of guanosine oxidation. Redox Biol 2020; 29:101398. [PMID: 31926624 PMCID: PMC6926346 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical modifications of DNA and RNA regulate genome functions or trigger mutagenesis resulting in aging or cancer. Oxidations of macromolecules, including DNA, are common reactions in biological systems and often part of regulatory circuits rather than accidental events. DNA alterations are particularly relevant since the unique role of nuclear and mitochondrial genome is coding enduring and inheritable information. Therefore, an alteration in DNA may represent a relevant problem given its transmission to daughter cells. At the same time, the regulation of gene expression allows cells to continuously adapt to the environmental changes that occur throughout the life of the organism to ultimately maintain cellular homeostasis. Here we review the multiple ways that lead to DNA oxidation and the regulation of mechanisms activated by cells to repair this damage. Moreover, we present the recent evidence suggesting that DNA damage caused by physiological metabolism acts as epigenetic signal for regulation of gene expression. In particular, the predisposition of guanine to oxidation might reflect an adaptation to improve the genome plasticity to redox changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giorgio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology-IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Ivan Dellino
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology-IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Gambino
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology-IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy
| | - Niccolo' Roda
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology-IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology-IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Haruyama N, Sakumi K, Katogi A, Tsuchimoto D, De Luca G, Bignami M, Nakabeppu Y. 8-Oxoguanine accumulation in aged female brain impairs neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and major island of Calleja, causing sexually dimorphic phenotypes. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 180:101613. [PMID: 31026482 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, including humans, MTH1 with 8-oxo-dGTPase and OGG1 with 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase minimize 8-oxoguanine accumulation in genomic DNA. We investigated age-related alterations in behavior, 8-oxoguanine levels, and neurogenesis in the brains of Mth1/Ogg1-double knockout (TO-DKO), Ogg1-knockout, and human MTH1-transgenic (hMTH1-Tg) mice. Spontaneous locomotor activity was significantly decreased in wild-type mice with age, and females consistently exhibited higher locomotor activity than males. This decrease was significantly suppressed in female but not male TO-DKO mice and markedly enhanced in female hMTH1-Tg mice. Long-term memory retrieval was impaired in middle-aged female TO-DKO mice. 8-Oxoguanine accumulation significantly increased in nuclear DNA, particularly in the dentate gyrus (DG), subventricular zone (SVZ) and major island of Calleja (ICjM) in middle-aged female TO-DKO mice. In middle-aged female TO-DKO mice, neurogenesis was severely impaired in SVZ and DG, accompanied by ICjM and DG atrophy. Conversely, expression of hMTH1 efficiently suppressed 8-oxoguanine accumulation in both SVZ and DG with hypertrophy of ICjM. These findings indicate that newborn neurons from SVZ maintain ICjM in the adult brain, and increased accumulation of 8-oxoguanine in nuclear DNA of neural progenitors in females is caused by 8-oxo-dGTP incorporation during proliferation, causing depletion of neural progenitors, altered behavior, and cognitive function changes with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Haruyama
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Sakumi
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Atsuhisa Katogi
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuchimoto
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Gabriele De Luca
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Margherita Bignami
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Lawson T, El-Kamand S, Kariawasam R, Richard DJ, Cubeddu L, Gamsjaeger R. A Structural Perspective on the Regulation of Human Single-Stranded DNA Binding Protein 1 (hSSB1, OBFC2B) Function in DNA Repair. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:441-446. [PMID: 30996823 PMCID: PMC6451162 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-stranded DNA binding (SSB) proteins are essential to protect singe-stranded DNA (ssDNA) that exists as a result of several important DNA repair pathways in living cells. In humans, besides the well-characterised Replication Protein A (RPA) we have described another SSB termed human SSB1 (hSSB1, OBFC2B) and have shown that this protein is an important player in the maintenance of the genome. In this review we define the structural and biophysical details of how hSSB1 interacts with both DNA and other essential proteins. While the presence of the oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide (OB) domain ensures ssDNA binding by hSSB1, it has also been shown to self-oligomerise as well as interact with and being modified by several proteins highlighting the versatility that hSSB1 displays in the context of DNA repair. A detailed structural understanding of these processes will likely lead to the designs of tailored hSSB1 inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teegan Lawson
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Serene El-Kamand
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Ruvini Kariawasam
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Derek J Richard
- Genome Stability Laboratory, Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Liza Cubeddu
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Roland Gamsjaeger
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Shang T, Wang P, Liu X, Jiang X, Hu Z, Lu X. Facile synthesis of porous single-walled carbon nanotube for sensitive detection of 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Hofer T, Duale N, Muusse M, Eide DM, Dahl H, Boix F, Andersen JM, Olsen AK, Myhre O. Restoration of Cognitive Performance in Mice Carrying a Deficient Allele of 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase by X-ray Irradiation. Neurotox Res 2017; 33:824-836. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Neuroprotective effects of ceftriaxone treatment on cognitive and neuronal deficits in a rat model of accelerated senescence. Behav Brain Res 2017; 330:8-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Cadet J, Davies KJA, Medeiros MH, Di Mascio P, Wagner JR. Formation and repair of oxidatively generated damage in cellular DNA. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 107:13-34. [PMID: 28057600 PMCID: PMC5457722 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, emphasis is placed on the critical survey of available data concerning modified nucleobase and 2-deoxyribose products that have been identified in cellular DNA following exposure to a wide variety of oxidizing species and agents including, hydroxyl radical, one-electron oxidants, singlet oxygen, hypochlorous acid and ten-eleven translocation enzymes. In addition, information is provided about the generation of secondary oxidation products of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine and nucleobase addition products with reactive aldehydes arising from the decomposition of lipid peroxides. It is worth noting that the different classes of oxidatively generated DNA damage that consist of single lesions, intra- and interstrand cross-links were unambiguously assigned and quantitatively detected on the basis of accurate measurements involving in most cases high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The reported data clearly show that the frequency of DNA lesions generated upon severe oxidizing conditions, including exposure to ionizing radiation is low, at best a few modifications per 106 normal bases. Application of accurate analytical measurement methods has also allowed the determination of repair kinetics of several well-defined lesions in cellular DNA that however concerns so far only a restricted number of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Cadet
- Département de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4.
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, United States; Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, United States
| | - Marisa Hg Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508 000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508 000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J Richard Wagner
- Département de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
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Guo Z, Liu X, Liu Y, Wu G, Lu X. Constructing a novel 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine electrochemical sensor and application in evaluating the oxidative damages of DNA and guanine. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 86:671-676. [PMID: 27471158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is commonly identified as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. In this work, a novel and facile 8-OHdG sensor was developed based on the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). It exhibited good electrochemical responses toward the oxidation of 8-OHdG, and the linear ranges were 5.63×10(-8)-6.08×10(-6)M and 6.08×10(-6)-1.64×10(-5)M, with the detection limit of 1.88×10(-8)M (S/N=3). Moreover, the fabricated sensor was applied for the determination of 8-OHdG generated from damaged DNA and guanine, respectively, and the oxidation currents of 8-OHdG increased along with the damaged DNA and guanine within certain concentrations. These results could be used to evaluate the DNA damage, and provide useful information on diagnosing diseases caused by mutation and deficiency of the immunity system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Xiuhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070 China.
| | - Yuelin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Guofan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Xiaoquan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070 China.
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Guest J, Grant R. Carotenoids and Neurobiological Health. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 12:199-228. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28383-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Yoshihara M, Jiang L, Akatsuka S, Suyama M, Toyokuni S. Genome-wide profiling of 8-oxoguanine reveals its association with spatial positioning in nucleus. DNA Res 2014; 21:603-12. [PMID: 25008760 PMCID: PMC4263294 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsu023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
8-Oxoguanine (8-oxoG) is one of the most common DNA lesions generated by reactive oxygen species. In this study, we analysed the genome-wide distribution profile of 8-oxoG by combining immunoprecipitation by antibodies specific for the DNA fragments containing 8-oxoG with a microarray that covers rat genome. Genome-wide mapping of 8-oxoG in normal rat kidney revealed that 8-oxoG is preferentially located at gene deserts. We did not observe differences in 8-oxoG levels between groups of genes with high and low expression, possibly because of the generally low 8-oxoG levels in genic regions compared with gene deserts. The distribution of 8-oxoG and lamina-associated domains (LADs) were strongly correlated, suggesting that the spatial location of genomic DNA in the nucleus determines the susceptibility to oxidative modifications. One possible explanation for high 8-oxoG levels in LADs is that the nuclear periphery is more susceptible to the oxidative damage caused by the extra-nuclear factors. Moreover, LADs have a rather compact conformation, which may limit the recruitment of repair components to the modified bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Yoshihara
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Akatsuka
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mikita Suyama
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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Guest J, Grant R, Mori TA, Croft KD. Changes in oxidative damage, inflammation and [NAD(H)] with age in cerebrospinal fluid. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85335. [PMID: 24454842 PMCID: PMC3891813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An extensive body of evidence indicates that oxidative stress and inflammation play a central role in the degenerative changes of systemic tissues in aging. However a comparatively limited amount of data is available to verify whether these processes also contribute to normal aging within the brain. High levels of oxidative damage results in key cellular changes including a reduction in available nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), an essential molecule required for a number of vital cellular processes including DNA repair, immune signaling and epigenetic processing. In this study we quantified changes in [NAD(H)] and markers of inflammation and oxidative damage (F2-isoprostanes, 8-OHdG, total antioxidant capacity) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of healthy humans across a wide age range (24–91 years). CSF was collected from consenting patients who required a spinal tap for the administration of anesthetic. CSF of participants aged >45 years was found to contain increased levels of lipid peroxidation (F2-isoprostanes) (p = 0.04) and inflammation (IL-6) (p = 0.00) and decreased levels of both total antioxidant capacity (p = 0.00) and NAD(H) (p = 0.05), compared to their younger counterparts. A positive association was also observed between plasma [NAD(H)] and CSF NAD(H) levels (p = 0.03). Further analysis of the data identified a relationship between alcohol intake and CSF [NAD(H)] and markers of inflammation. The CSF of participants who consumed >1 standard drink of alcohol per day contained lower levels of NAD(H) compared to those who consumed no alcohol (p<0.05). An increase in CSF IL-6 was observed in participants who reported drinking >0–1 (p<0.05) and >1 (p<0.05) standard alcoholic drinks per day compared to those who did not drink alcohol. Taken together these data suggest a progressive age associated increase in oxidative damage, inflammation and reduced [NAD(H)] in the brain which may be exacerbated by alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Guest
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ross Grant
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Trevor A. Mori
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin D. Croft
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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