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Terrell TR, Abramson R, Barth JT, Bennett E, Cantu RC, Sloane R, Laskowitz DT, Erlanger DM, McKeag D, Nichols G, Valentine V, Galloway L. Genetic polymorphisms associated with the risk of concussion in 1056 college athletes: a multicentre prospective cohort study. Br J Sports Med 2017; 52:192-198. [PMID: 28918391 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM To evaluate the association of genetic polymorphisms APOE, APOE G-219T promoter, microtubule associated protein(MAPT)/tau exon 6 Ser53Pro, MAPT/tau Hist47Tyr, IL-6572 G/C and IL-6RAsp358Ala with the risk of concussion in college athletes. METHODS A 23-centre prospective cohort study of 1056 college athletes with genotyping was completed between August 2003 and December 2012. All athletes completed baseline medical and concussion questionnaires, and post-concussion data were collected for athletes with a documented concussion. RESULTS The study cohort consisted of 1056 athletes of mean±SD age 19.7±1.5 years, 89.3% male, 59.4% Caucasian, 35.0% African-American, 5.6% other race. The athletes participated in American football, soccer, basketball, softball, men's wrestling and club rugby. A total of 133 (12.1% prevalence) concussions occurred during an average surveillance of 3 years per athlete. We observed a significant positive association between IL-6R CC (p=0.001) and a negative association between APOE4 (p=0.03) and the risk of concussion. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between IL-6R CC and concussion (OR 3.48; 95% CI 1.58 to 7.65; p=0.002) and between the APOE4 allele and concussion (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.96; p=0.04), which persisted after adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSIONS IL-6R CC was associated with a three times greater concussion risk and APOE4 with a 40% lower risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Roland Terrell
- Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Sports Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.,Family Medicine and Sports Medicine Center, Covenant Medical Group, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ruth Abramson
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffery T Barth
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, Brain Injury and Sports Concussion Institute, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ellen Bennett
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert C Cantu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for the Study of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard Sloane
- Duke University Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel T Laskowitz
- Neurobiology and Anesthesiology, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA.,Neurology and Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David M Erlanger
- Rusk Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York, USA.,University Langone Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Douglas McKeag
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Oregon Health Science Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Gregory Nichols
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Verle Valentine
- Sanford Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Sanford Health Care, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Leslie Galloway
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.,Environmental Sciences Division, Toxicology and Risk Analysis, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
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Kapelski P, Skibinska M, Maciukiewicz M, Wilkosc M, Frydecka D, Groszewska A, Narozna B, Dmitrzak-Weglarz M, Czerski P, Pawlak J, Rajewska-Rager A, Leszczynska-Rodziewicz A, Slopien A, Zaremba D, Twarowska-Hauser J. Association study of functional polymorphisms in interleukins and interleukin receptors genes: IL1A, IL1B, IL1RN, IL6, IL6R, IL10, IL10RA and TGFB1 in schizophrenia in Polish population. Schizophr Res 2015; 169:1-9. [PMID: 26481614 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia has been associated with a large range of autoimmune diseases, with a history of any autoimmune disease being associated with a 45% increase in risk for the illness. The inflammatory system may trigger or modulate the course of schizophrenia through complex mechanisms influencing neurodevelopment, neuroplasticity and neurotransmission. In particular, increases or imbalance in cytokine before birth or during the early stages of life may affect neurodevelopment and produce vulnerability to the disease. A total of 27 polymorphisms of IL1N gene: rs1800587, rs17561; IL1B gene: rs1143634, rs1143643, rs16944, rs4848306, rs1143623, rs1143633, rs1143627; IL1RN gene: rs419598, rs315952, rs9005, rs4251961; IL6 gene: rs1800795, rs1800797; IL6R gene: rs4537545, rs4845617, rs2228145, IL10 gene: rs1800896, rs1800871, rs1800872, rs1800890, rs6676671; IL10RA gene: rs2229113, rs3135932; TGF1B gene: rs1800469, rs1800470; each selected on the basis of molecular evidence for functionality, were investigated in this study. Analysis was performed on a group of 621 patients with diagnosis of schizophrenia and 531 healthy controls in Polish population. An association of rs4848306 in IL1B gene, rs4251961 in IL1RN gene, rs2228145 and rs4537545 in IL6R with schizophrenia have been observed. rs6676671 in IL10 was associated with early age of onset. Strong linkage disequilibrium was observed between analyzed polymorphisms in each gene, except of IL10RA. We observed that haplotypes composed of rs4537545 and rs2228145 in IL6R gene were associated with schizophrenia. Analyses with family history of schizophrenia, other psychiatric disorders and alcohol abuse/dependence did not show any positive findings. Further studies on larger groups along with correlation with circulating protein levels are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Kapelski
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Maria Skibinska
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Maciukiewicz
- Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research, Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T1R8, Canada
| | - Monika Wilkosc
- Institute of Psychology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dorota Frydecka
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agata Groszewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland
| | - Beata Narozna
- Department of Pulmonology, Pediatric Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Czerski
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Pawlak
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Anna Leszczynska-Rodziewicz
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Slopien
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Zaremba
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Twarowska-Hauser
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
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