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Ohashi A, Nakatani M, Hori H, Nakai S, Tsuchida K, Hasegawa M, Tsuboi N. Effects of N-acetyl-L-tryptophan on desorption of the protein-bound uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate and effects on uremic sarcopenia. Ther Apher Dial 2023; 27:1023-1027. [PMID: 37596835 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.14047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a protein-bound uremic toxin that causes uremic sarcopenia. IS has poor dialysis clearance; however, the addition of a binding competitor improves its removal efficiency. METHODS Dialysis experiments were performed using N-acetyl-l-tryptophan (L-NAT) instead of l-tryptophan (Trp) using pooled sera obtained from dialysis patients. The molecular structures of L-NAT and Trp were similar to that of IS. Therefore, we examined whether Trp and L-NAT were involved in muscle atrophy in the same manner as IS by performing culture experiments using a human myotube cell line. RESULTS The removal efficiency of L-NAT was the same as that of Trp. However, L-NAT concentrations in the pooled sera increased at the end of the experiment. Trp (1 mM) decreased the area of human myocytes, similar to IS, whereas L-NAT did not. CONCLUSION L-NAT is a binding competitor with the ability to remove protein-bound IS while preventing sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ohashi
- Faculty of Clinical Science, School of Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masashi Nakatani
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Care, Seijoh University, Tokai, Japan
| | - Hideo Hori
- Faculty of Clinical Science, School of Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nakai
- Faculty of Clinical Science, School of Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Tsuchida
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Midori Hasegawa
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Naotake Tsuboi
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
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Correcting a widespread error: Neuroprotectant N-acetyl-L-tryptophan does not bind to the neurokinin-1 receptor. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 120:103728. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Camargo LEAD, Brustolin Ludwig D, Tominaga TT, Carletto B, Favero GM, Mainardes RM, Khalil NM. Bovine serum albumin nanoparticles improve the antitumour activity of curcumin in a murine melanoma model. J Microencapsul 2018; 35:467-474. [DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2018.1526340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Erzinger Alves de Camargo
- Faculdade Guairacá, Guarapuava, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste/UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - Daniel Brustolin Ludwig
- Faculdade Guairacá, Guarapuava, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste/UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - Tania Toyomi Tominaga
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste/UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - Bruna Carletto
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Basic Research and Applied Biology and Health, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa/UEPG, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Giovani Marino Favero
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Basic Research and Applied Biology and Health, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa/UEPG, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Rubiana Mara Mainardes
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste/UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - Najeh Maissar Khalil
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste/UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, Brazil
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Comparative Protective Effects of N-Acetylcysteine, N-Acetyl Methionine, and N-Acetyl Glucosamine against Paracetamol and Phenacetin Therapeutic Doses-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Int J Hepatol 2018; 2018:7603437. [PMID: 30245889 PMCID: PMC6139237 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7603437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Both paracetamol (PA) and phenacetin (PH) are analgesic and antipyretic agents. Part of phenacetin therapeutic activity is attributed to its metabolism into paracetamol. Paracetamol causes direct hepatic oxidative stress damage. The present study aimed to investigate the possible damaging effects of both PA and PH, when used in therapeutic doses, on rat liver and to compare the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), N-acetyl-methionine (NAM), and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) against PA- or PH-induced hepatic damage. METHODS 90 male Wistar albino rats (120-140 gm) were undertaken, categorized randomly into 9 groups of 10 rats each, and administered by gavage for 2 weeks with DMSO 1% (controls), PA, PA+NAC, PA+NAM, PA+NAG, PH, PH+NAC, PH+NAM, and PH+NAG. Biochemical assays of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH), total thiols, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in liver homogenates and serum assays of ALT, AST, 8-hydroxy guanine (8-OH-Gua), and AFP were done. Also histopathological examinations of liver tissues in various groups were done. RESULTS PA and PH cause significant increase in hepatic levels of MDA, NO, and AFP and serum ALT, AST, and 8-OH-Gua levels, with significant decrease in hepatic GSH and total thiols. NAG and NAC significantly improve the PA- and PH-induced hepatic and blood, biochemical, and histopathological disturbances, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Both PA and PH induce oxidative stress in rat liver within their therapeutic doses. NAG and NAC in pharmacological doses can antagonize the oxidative damaging effect of both PA and PH.
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Dong X, Zhou Z, Saremi B, Helmbrecht A, Wang Z, Loor JJ. Varying the ratio of Lys:Met while maintaining the ratios of Thr:Phe, Lys:Thr, Lys:His, and Lys:Val alters mammary cellular metabolites, mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, and gene transcription. J Dairy Sci 2017; 101:1708-1718. [PMID: 29248224 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids are not only precursors for but also signaling molecules regulating protein synthesis. Regulation of protein synthesis via AA occurs at least in part by alterations in the phosphorylation status of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway proteins. Although the ideal profile of Lys:Met to promote milk protein synthesis during established lactation in dairy cows has been proposed to be 3:1, aside from being the most-limiting AA for milk protein synthesis, the role of Met in other key biologic pathways such as methylation is not well characterized in the bovine. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of increasing supplemental Met, based on the ideal 3:1 ratio of Lys to Met, on intracellular metabolism related to protein synthesis and mTOR pathway phosphorylation status. MAC-T cells, an immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell line, were incubated (n = 5 replicates/treatment) for 12 h with 3 incremental doses of Met while holding Lys concentration constant to achieve the following: Lys:Met 2.9:1 (ideal AA ratio; IPAA), Lys:Met 2.5:1 (LM2.5), and Lys:Met 2.0:1 (LM2.0). The ratios of Thr:Phe (1.05:1), Lys:Thr (1.8:1), Lys:His (2.38:1), and Lys:Val (1.23:1) were the same across the 3 treatments. Applying gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics revealed distinct clusters of differentially concentrated metabolites in response to Lys:Met. Lower Phe, branched-chain AA, and putrescine concentrations were observed with LM2.5 compared with IPAA. Apart from greater intracellular Met concentrations, further elevations in Met level (LM2.0) led to greater intracellular concentrations of nonessential AA (Pro, Glu, Gln, and Gly) compared with IPAA and greater essential AA (EAA; Met, Ile, and Leu) and nonessential AA (Pro, Gly, Ala, Gln, and Glu) compared with LM2.5. However, compared with IPAA, mRNA expression of β-casein and AA transporters (SLC7A5, SLC36A1, SLC38A2, SLC38A9, and SLC43A1) and mTOR phosphorylation were lower in response to LM2.5 and LM2.0. Overall, the results of this study provide evidence that increasing Met while Lys and the ratios of Phe, Thr, His, and Val relative to Lys were held constant could increase the concentration and utilization of intracellular EAA, in particular branched-chain AA, potentially through improving the activity of AA transporters partly controlled by mTOR signaling. Because EAA likely are metabolized by other tissues upon absorption, a question for future in vivo studies is whether formulating diets for optimal ratios of EAA in the metabolizable protein is sufficient to provide the desired levels of these AA to the mammary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Dong
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan Province, P.R. China; Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Z Zhou
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - B Saremi
- Evonik Nutrition and Care GmbH, 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - A Helmbrecht
- Evonik Nutrition and Care GmbH, 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Z Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan Province, P.R. China.
| | - J J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
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Naldi M, Baldassarre M, Domenicali M, Bartolini M, Caraceni P. Structural and functional integrity of human serum albumin: Analytical approaches and clinical relevance in patients with liver cirrhosis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 144:138-153. [PMID: 28465079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant circulating plasma protein. Besides a significant contribution to the osmotic pressure, it is also involved in the fine regulation of many other physiological processes, including the balance of the redox state, the inflammatory and/or immunological responses, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics of many drugs. Growing evidence suggests that HSA undergoes structural and functional damage in diseases characterized by an enhanced systemic inflammatory response and oxidative stress, as it occurs in chronic liver disease. Based on their clinical relevance, this review provides a summary of the most common post-translational modifications affecting HSA structural integrity and functions and their clinical relevance in the field of liver disease. The review also provides a critical description of the analytical approaches employed for the investigation of conformational alterations and the identification/quantitation of specific post-translational modifications affecting HSA. Finally, the analytical methods available for the assessment of two of the most clinically relevant non-oncotic properties of HSA, namely the binding capacity and the antioxidant activity, are critically reviewed. Among the available techniques particular attention is given to those proposed for the in vitro and in vivo investigation of structurally modified albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Naldi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Italy; Center for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Baldassarre
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Italy
| | - Marco Domenicali
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Italy
| | - Paolo Caraceni
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Italy.
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Kouno Y, Anraku M, Yamasaki K, Okayama Y, Iohara D, Nakamura H, Maruyama T, Hirayama F, Kragh-Hansen U, Otagiri M. N-acetyl-L-methionine is a superior protectant of human serum albumin against post-translational oxidation as compared to N-acetyl-L-tryptophan. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 6:266-274. [PMID: 28955884 PMCID: PMC5600351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium octanoate and N-acetyl-L-tryptophan (N-AcTrp) are widely used as stabilizers during pasteurization and storage of albumin products. However, as compared with N-AcTrp, N-acetyl-L-methionine (N-AcMet) is superior in protecting albumin exposed to light during storage. Here, we examine, whether N-AcMet also is better than N-AcTrp to protect albumin against oxidation. Recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA) without and with N-AcMet or N-AcTrp was oxidized by using chloramine-T (CT) as a model compound for mimicking oxidative stress. Oxidation of rHSA was examined by determining carbonyl groups and advanced oxidation protein products. Structural changes were studied by native-PAGE, circular dichroism, intrinsic fluorescence and differential scanning calorimetry. The anti-oxidant capacity of CT-treated rHSA was quantified by its ability to scavenge peroxynitrite and the hydroxyl radical. The pharmacokinetics of indocyanine green-labeled albumin preparations was studied in male mice. We found that the number of chemical modifications and the structural changes of rHSA were significantly smaller in the presence of N-AcMet than in the presence of N-AcTrp. The anti-oxidant properties of CT-exposed rHSA were best protected by adding N-AcMet. Finally, N-AcMet is superior in preserving the normal pharmacokinetics of rHSA. Thus, N-AcMet is superior to N-AcTrp in protecting albumin preparations against oxidation. In addition, N-AcMet is probable also useful for protecting other proteins. Therefore, N-AcMet should be useful as a new and effective stabilizer and antioxidant for albumin isolated from blood, rHSA, albumin-fusion proteins and for preparations of rHSA-therapeutic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Kouno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
- Pharma Daiwa Yuge Pharmacy, Kumamoto City, Japan
| | - Makoto Anraku
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Keishi Yamasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Iohara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Hedeaki Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Hirayama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | | | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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Uehara H, Rao VA. Metal-Mediated Protein Oxidation: Applications of a Modified ELISA-Based Carbonyl Detection Assay for Complex Proteins. Pharm Res 2014; 32:691-701. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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