1
|
Nie X, Li J, Cheng Y, Rangsinth P, Wu X, Zheng C, Shiu PHT, Li R, Xu N, He Y, Lau BWM, Seto SW, Zhang J, Lee SMY, Leung GPH. Characterization of a polysaccharide from Amauroderma rugosum and its proangiogenic activities in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132533. [PMID: 38777026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Amauroderma rugosum (AR), also known as "Blood Lingzhi" in Chinese, is a basidiomycete belonging to the Ganodermataceae family. Four polysaccharide fractions were systematically isolated and purified from AR. Subsequently, their compositions were examined and analyzed via high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), analysis of the monosaccharide composition, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The zebrafish model was then used to screen for proangiogenic activities of polysaccharides by inducing vascular insufficiency with VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor II (VRI). The third fraction of AR polysaccharides (PAR-3) demonstrated the most pronounced proangiogenic effects, effectively ameliorating VRI-induced intersegmental vessel deficiency in zebrafish. Concurrently, the mRNA expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and VEGF receptors were upregulated by PAR-3. Moreover, the proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were also stimulated by PAR-3, consistently demonstrating that PAR-3 possesses favorable proangiogenic properties. The activation of the Akt, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and FAK was most likely the underlying mechanism. In conclusion, this study establishes that PAR-3 isolated from Amauroderma rugosum exhibits potential as a bioresource for promoting angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region of China; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; The Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Panthakarn Rangsinth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Chengwen Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Polly Ho-Ting Shiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Renkai Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Nan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yulin He
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Benson Wui-Man Lau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Sai-Wang Seto
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; The Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; The Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - George Pak-Heng Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wei YL, Lin XC, Liu YY, Lei YQ, Zhuang XD, Zhang HT, Wang XR. Effects of water fluoridation on early embryonic development of zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115907. [PMID: 38176185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Fluoride has strong electronegativity and exposes diversely in nature. Water fluoridation is the most pervasive form of occurrence, representing a significant threat to human health. In this study, we investigate the morphometric and physiological alterations triggered by fluoride stimulation during the embryogenesis of zebrafish and reveal its putative effects of stage- and/or dose-dependent. Fluoride exhibits potent biological activity and can be extensively absorbed by the yolk sac, exerting significant effects on the development of multiple organs. This is primarily manifested as restricted nutrient utilization and elevated levels of lipid peroxidation, further leading to the accumulation of superoxide in the yolk sac, liver, and intestines. Moreover, pericardial edema exerts pressure on the brain and eye development, resulting in spinal curvature and reduced body length. Besides, acute fluoride exposure with varying concentrations has led to diverse teratogenic outcomes. A low dose of water fluoridation tends to induce abnormal development of the embryonic yolk sac, while vascular malformation is widely observed in all fluoride-treated groups. The effect of fluoride exposure on blood circulation is universally present, even in zebrafish larvae that do not exhibit obvious deformities. Their swimming behavior is also affected by water fluoridation, resulting in reduced activity and delayed reactions. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the monitoring of environmental quality related to water fluoridation and disease prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lan Wei
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Xin-Chen Lin
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Ying-Ying Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Yu-Qing Lei
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhuang
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Hai-Tao Zhang
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Xin-Rui Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Deng M, Chen H, Long J, Song J, Xie L, Li X. Calycosin: a Review of its Pharmacological Effects and Application Prospects. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 19:911-925. [PMID: 33346681 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1863145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Calycosin (CA), a typical phytoestrogen extracted from root of Astragalus membranaceus. On the basis of summarizing the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic studies of CA in recent years, we hope to provide useful information for CA about treating different diseases and to make suggestions for future research.Areas covered: We collected relevant information (January 2014 to March 2020) on CA via the Internet database. Keywords searched includ pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology, and the number of effective references was 118. CA is a phytoestrogen with wide range of pharmacological activities. By affecting PI3K/Akt/mTOR, WDR7-7-GPR30, Rab27B-β-catenin-VEGF, etc. signaling pathway, CA showed the effect of anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporosis, neuroprotection, hepatoprotection, etc. Therefore, CA is prospective to be used in the treatment of many diseases.Expert opinion: Research shows that CA has a therapeutic effect on a variety of diseases. We think CA is a promising natural medicine. Therefore, we propose that the research directions of CA in the future include the following. Carrying out clinical research trials in order to find the most suitable medicinal concentration for different diseases; Exploring the synergistic mechanism of CA in combination with other drugs; Exploring ways to increase the blood circulation concentration of CA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mao Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Huijuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jiaying Long
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jiawen Song
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Long Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee JY, Park S, Lim W, Song G. Orbencarb induces lethality and organ malformation in zebrafish embryos during development. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 233:108771. [PMID: 32335232 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Thiocarbamates are one of the components of pesticides that target weeds by inhibiting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. Orbencarb, one of the isomeric thiocarbamates applied to wheat, maize, and soybean, has been found to have toxic effects on mammals and marine ecosystems. Although the toxicity ranges of orbencarb in different organisms are known, specific studies on the environmental contamination and harmful effects of orbencarb on non-target organisms are scarce. In this study, we observed that orbencarb induced embryotoxicity during zebrafish development as well as apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the intestine. It was further observed that orbencarb decreased the viability of the embryos and simultaneously affected the heart rate and vessel formation. Orbencarb decreased the mRNA levels of ccnd1, ccne1, cdk2, and cdk6 and induced abnormal development of the eyes, brain, yolk sac, and spinal cord in zebrafish embryos. Orbencarb also hampered vasculogenesis in the zebrafish embryos by inhibiting the mRNA expression of flt1, flt4, kdr, and vegfc. Collectively, these results suggested that orbencarb is embryotoxic and disrupts the normal growth of zebrafish embryos by inducing the generation of ROS and hampering vasculogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Sunwoo Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Seki T, Hosaka K, Fischer C, Lim S, Andersson P, Abe M, Iwamoto H, Gao Y, Wang X, Fong GH, Cao Y. Ablation of endothelial VEGFR1 improves metabolic dysfunction by inducing adipose tissue browning. J Exp Med 2018; 215:611-626. [PMID: 29305395 PMCID: PMC5789413 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an instrumental role in the modulation of adipose tissue mass and metabolism. Targeting adipose vasculature provides an outstanding opportunity for treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders. Here, we report the physiological functions of VEGFR1 in the modulation of adipose angiogenesis, obesity, and global metabolism. Pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion of endothelial VEGFR1 augmented adipose angiogenesis and browning of subcutaneous white adipose tissue, leading to elevated thermogenesis. In a diet-induced obesity model, endothelial-VEGFR1 deficiency demonstrated a potent anti-obesity effect by improving global metabolism. Along with metabolic changes, fatty liver and insulin sensitivity were also markedly improved in VEGFR1-deficient high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Together, our data indicate that targeting of VEGFR1 provides an exciting new opportunity for treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases, such as liver steatosis and type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Seki
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kayoko Hosaka
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carina Fischer
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sharon Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Andersson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mitsuhiko Abe
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hideki Iwamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yanyan Gao
- Central Research Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinsheng Wang
- Central Research Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guo-Hua Fong
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden .,Central Research Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Duan J, Hu H, Feng L, Yang X, Sun Z. Silica nanoparticles inhibit macrophage activity and angiogenesis via VEGFR2-mediated MAPK signaling pathway in zebrafish embryos. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 183:483-490. [PMID: 28570891 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The safety evaluation of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are getting great attention due to its widely-used in food sciences, chemical industry and biomedicine. However, the adverse effect and underlying mechanisms of SiNPs on cardiovascular system, especially on angiogenesis is still unclear. This study was aimed to illuminate the possible mechanisms of SiNPs on angiogenesis in zebrafish transgenic lines, Tg(fli-1:EGFP) and Albino. SiNPs caused the cardiovascular malformations in a dose-dependent manner via intravenous microinjection. The incidences of cardiovascular malformations were observed as: Pericardial edema > Bradycardia > Blood deficiency. The area of subintestinal vessels (SIVs) was significant reduced in SiNPs-treated groups, accompanied with the weaken expression of vascular endothelial cells in zebrafish embryos. Using neutral red staining, the quantitative number of macrophage was declined; whereas macrophage inhibition rate was elevated in a dose-dependent way. Furthermore, SiNPs significantly decreased the mRNA expression of macrophage activity related gene, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and the angiogenesis related gene, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). The protein levels of p-Erk1/2 and p-p38 MAPK were markedly decreased in zebrafish exposed to SiNPs. Our results implicate that SiNPs inhibited the macrophage activity and angiogenesis via the downregulation of MAPK singaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Hejing Hu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaozhe Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Effects of Folic Acid on DNMT1, GAP43, and VEGFR1 in Intrauterine Growth Restriction Filial Rats. Reprod Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719117715128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
8
|
Butler LM, Hallström BM, Fagerberg L, Pontén F, Uhlén M, Renné T, Odeberg J. Analysis of Body-wide Unfractionated Tissue Data to Identify a Core Human Endothelial Transcriptome. Cell Syst 2016; 3:287-301.e3. [PMID: 27641958 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells line blood vessels and regulate hemostasis, inflammation, and blood pressure. Proteins critical for these specialized functions tend to be predominantly expressed in endothelial cells across vascular beds. Here, we present a systems approach to identify a panel of human endothelial-enriched genes using global, body-wide transcriptomics data from 124 tissue samples from 32 organs. We identified known and unknown endothelial-enriched gene transcripts and used antibody-based profiling to confirm expression across vascular beds. The majority of identified transcripts could be detected in cultured endothelial cells from various vascular beds, and we observed maintenance of relative expression in early passage cells. In summary, we describe a widely applicable method to determine cell-type-specific transcriptome profiles in a whole-organism context, based on differential abundance across tissues. We identify potential vascular drug targets or endothelial biomarkers and highlight candidates for functional studies to increase understanding of the endothelium in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Marie Butler
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Clinical Chemistry and Blood Coagulation, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Björn Mikael Hallström
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linn Fagerberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Pontén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Clinical Chemistry and Blood Coagulation, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob Odeberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden; Coagulation Unit, Centre for Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sawicka M, Janowska J, Chudek J. Potential beneficial effect of some adipokines positively correlated with the adipose tissue content on the cardiovascular system. Int J Cardiol 2016; 222:581-589. [PMID: 27513655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. However, in the case of heart failure, obese and overweight patients have a more favourable prognosis compared to patients who have a normal body weight. This phenomenon is referred to as the "obesity paradox," and it is explained by, among others, a positive effect of adipokines produced by adipose tissue, particularly by the tissue located in the direct vicinity of the heart and blood vessels. The favourable effect on the cardiovascular system is mostly associated with adiponectin and omentin, but the levels of these substances are reduced in obese patients. Among the adipokines which levels are positively correlated with the adipose tissue content, favourable activity is demonstrated by apelin, progranulin, chemerin, TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-)α, CTRP-3 (C1q/tumour necrosis factor (TNF) related protein), leptin, visfatin and vaspin. This activity is associated with the promotion of regeneration processes in the damaged myocardium, formation of new blood vessels, reduction of the afterload, improvement of metabolic processes in cardiomyocytes and myocardial contractile function, inhibition of apoptosis and fibrosis of the myocardium, as well as anti-inflammatory and anti-atheromatous effects. The potential use of these properties in the treatment of heart failure and ischaemic heart disease, as well as in pulmonary hypertension, arterial hypertension and the limitation of the loss of cardiomyocytes during cardioplegia-requiring cardiosurgical procedures, is studied. The most advanced studies focus on analogues of apelin and progranulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Sawicka
- Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, 9 Maria Skłodowska- Curie Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, 18 Medyków Street, 40-027 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Joanna Janowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, 18 Medyków Street, 40-027 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jerzy Chudek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, 18 Medyków Street, 40-027 Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Discovery of Novel ROCK1 Inhibitors via Integrated Virtual Screening Strategy and Bioassays. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16749. [PMID: 26568382 PMCID: PMC4645114 DOI: 10.1038/srep16749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho-associated kinases (ROCKs) have been regarded as promising drug targets for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, nervous system diseases and cancers. In this study, a novel integrated virtual screening protocol by combining molecular docking and pharmacophore mapping based on multiple ROCK1 crystal structures was utilized to screen the ChemBridge database for discovering potential inhibitors of ROCK1. Among the 38 tested compounds, seven of them exhibited significant inhibitory activities of ROCK1 (IC50 < 10 μM) and the most potent one (compound TS-f22) with the novel scaffold of 4-Phenyl-1H-pyrrolo [2,3-b] pyridine had an IC50 of 480 nM. Then, the structure-activity relationships of 41 analogues of TS-f22 were examined. Two potent inhibitors were proven effective in inhibiting the phosphorylation of the downstream target in the ROCK signaling pathway in vitro and protecting atorvastatin-induced cerebral hemorrhage in vivo. The high hit rate (28.95%) suggested that the integrated virtual screening strategy was quite reliable and could be used as a powerful tool for identifying promising active compounds for targets of interest.
Collapse
|