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Jáñez Pedrayes A, Rymen D, Ghesquière B, Witters P. Glycosphingolipids in congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). Mol Genet Metab 2024; 142:108434. [PMID: 38489976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a large family of rare disorders affecting the different glycosylation pathways. Defective glycosylation can affect any organ, with varying symptoms among the different CDG. Even between individuals with the same CDG there is quite variable severity. Associating specific symptoms to deficiencies of certain glycoproteins or glycolipids is thus a challenging task. In this review, we focus on the glycosphingolipid (GSL) synthesis pathway, which is still rather unexplored in the context of CDG, and outline the functions of the main GSLs, including gangliosides, and their role in the central nervous system. We provide an overview of GSL studies that have been performed in CDG and show that abnormal GSL levels are not only observed in CDG directly affecting GSL synthesis, but also in better known CDG, such as PMM2-CDG. We highlight the importance of studying GSLs in CDG in order to better understand the pathophysiology of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Jáñez Pedrayes
- Laboratory of Applied Mass Spectrometry, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Metabolomics Expertise Center, Center for Cancer Biology VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Daisy Rymen
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Laboratory of Applied Mass Spectrometry, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Metabolomics Expertise Center, Center for Cancer Biology VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Peter Witters
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Koolath S, Murai Y, Suzuki T, Swamy MMM, Usuki S, Monde K. Stereochemistry of Sphingolipids in Ganglioside GM3 Enhances Recovery of Nervous Functionality. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1237-1241. [PMID: 37736188 PMCID: PMC10510522 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
GM3 is a simple monosialylated ganglioside (NeuAcα(2-3)Galβ(1-4)Glcβ1-1'-ceramide). Its aberrant expression in adipocytes is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes in diabetes mellitus and obesity. GM3 is exposed on the outer surface of cell membranes and is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Exogenously added GM3 promotes neurite outgrowth in a variety of different neuroblastoma cell lines. Neurite outgrowth is a key process in the development of functional neuronal circuits and neuro-regeneration following nerve injury. Therefore, regulating GM3 levels in nerve tissues might be a potential treatment method for these disorders. Here, we demonstrate the comprehensive synthesis of stereoisomeric GM3s and compare their physicochemical properties with those of natural GM3 and diastereomers of sphingolipids in GM3 to examine the enhancement of biological activity. l-erythro-GM3 was confirmed to increase neurite outgrowth, providing valuable insights for potential neuro-regenerative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajeer Koolath
- Graduate
School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yuta Murai
- Graduate
School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Faculty
of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Division
of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Tomoya Suzuki
- Graduate
School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Mahadeva M. M. Swamy
- Graduate
School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Faculty
of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Seigo Usuki
- Lipid
Biofunction Section, Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material
and Life Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kenji Monde
- Graduate
School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Faculty
of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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Itokazu Y, Fuchigami T, Yu RK. Functional Impairment of the Nervous System with Glycolipid Deficiencies. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:419-448. [PMID: 36255683 PMCID: PMC9793801 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients with nervous system disorders suffer from impaired cognitive, sensory and motor functions that greatly inconvenience their daily life and usually burdens their family and society. It is difficult to achieve functional recovery for the damaged central nervous system (CNS) because of its limited ability to regenerate. Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are abundant in the CNS and are known to play essential roles in cell-cell recognition, adhesion, signal transduction, and cellular migration, that are crucial in all phases of neurogenesis. Despite intense investigation of CNS regeneration, the roles of GSLs in neural regeneration remain unclear. Here we focus on the respective potentials of glycolipids to promote regeneration and repair of the CNS. Mice lacking glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide or gangliosides show lethal phenotypes. More importantly, patients with ganglioside deficiencies exhibit severe clinical phenotypes. Further, neurodegenerative diseases and mental health disorders are associated with altered GSL expression. Accumulating studies demonstrate that GSLs not only delimit physical regions but also play central roles in the maintenance of the biological functions of neurons and glia. We anticipate that the ability of GSLs to modulate behavior of a variety of molecules will enable them to ameliorate biochemical and neurobiological defects in patients. The use of GSLs to treat such defects in the human CNS will be a paradigm-shift in approach since GSL-replacement therapy has not yet been achieved in this manner clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Itokazu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Takahiro Fuchigami
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Robert K Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Incecık F, Herguner O, Bozdogan S. Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Type 26 with a Novel Mutation in B4GALNT1 Gene and Literature Review of the Clinical Features. J Pediatr Neurosci 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/jpn.jpn_83_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Abstract
The web application O-Glycologue provides an online simulation of the biosynthetic enzymes of O-linked glycosylation, using a knowledge-based system described previously. Glycans can be imported in GlycoCT condensed format, or else as IUPAC condensed names, and passed as substrates to the enzymes, which are modeled as regular-expression-based substitutions on strings. The resulting networks of reactions can be exported as SBML. The effects of knocking out different sets of enzyme activities can be compared. A method is provided for predicting the enzymes required to produce a given substrate, using an O-glycan from human gastric mucin as an example. The system has been adapted to other systems of glycosylation enzymes, and an application to ganglioside oligosaccharide synthesis is demonstrated. O-Glycologue is available at https://glycologue.org/o/ .
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McDonald AG, Davey GP. Simulating the enzymes of ganglioside biosynthesis with Glycologue. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:739-748. [PMID: 33828618 PMCID: PMC8008095 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are an important class of sialylated glycosphingolipids linked to ceramide that are a component of the mammalian cell surface, especially those of the central nervous system, where they function in intercellular recognition and communication. We describe an in silico method for determining the metabolic pathways leading to the most common gangliosides, based on the known enzymes of their biosynthesis. A network of 41 glycolipids is produced by the actions of the 10 enzymes included in the model. The different ganglioside nomenclature systems in common use are compared and a systematic variant of the widely used Svennerholm nomenclature is described. Knockouts of specific enzyme activities are used to simulate congenital defects in ganglioside biosynthesis, and altered ganglioside status in cancer, and the effects on network structure are predicted. The simulator is available at the Glycologue website, https://glycologue.org/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G McDonald
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gavin P Davey
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Iessi E, Marconi M, Manganelli V, Sorice M, Malorni W, Garofalo T, Matarrese P. On the role of sphingolipids in cell survival and death. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 351:149-195. [PMID: 32247579 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids, universal components of biological membranes of all eukaryotic organisms, from yeasts to mammals, in addition of playing a structural role, also play an important part of signal transduction pathways. They participate or, also, ignite several fundamental subcellular signaling processes but, more in general, they directly contribute to key biological activities such as cell motility, growth, senescence, differentiation as well as cell fate, i.e., survival or death. The sphingolipid metabolic pathway displays an intricate network of reactions that result in the formation of multiple sphingolipids, including ceramide, and sphingosine-1-phosphate. Different sphingolipids, that have key roles in determining cell fate, can induce opposite effects: as a general rule, sphingosine-1-phosphate promotes cell survival and differentiation, whereas ceramide is known to induce apoptosis. Furthermore, together with cholesterol, sphingolipids also represent the basic lipid component of lipid rafts, cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane microdomains directly involved in cell death and survival processes. In this review, we briefly describe the characteristics of sphingolipids and lipid membrane microdomains. In particular, we will consider the involvement of various sphingolipids per se and of lipid rafts in apoptotic pathway, both intrinsic and extrinsic, in nonapoptotic cell death, in autophagy, and in cell differentiation. In addition, their roles in the most common physiological and pathological contexts either as pathogenetic elements or as biomarkers of diseases will be considered. We would also hint how the manipulation of sphingolipid metabolism could represent a potential therapeutic target to be investigated and functionally validated especially for those diseases for which therapeutic options are limited or ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Iessi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Marconi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Sorice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Malorni
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Tina Garofalo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Zhang J, Wang N, Xu A. Cmah deficiency may lead to age-related hearing loss by influencing miRNA-PPAR mediated signaling pathway. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6856. [PMID: 31149396 PMCID: PMC6526899 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous evidence has indicated CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase (Cmah) disruption inducesaging-related hearing loss (AHL). However, its function mechanisms remain unclear. This study was to explore the mechanisms of AHL by using microarray analysis in the Cmah deficiency animal model. Methods Microarray dataset GSE70659 was available from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, including cochlear tissues from wild-type and Cmah-null C57BL/6J mice with old age (12 months, n = 3). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the Linear Models for Microarray data method and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using data from the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database followed by module analysis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. The upstream miRNAs and potential small-molecule drugs were predicted by miRwalk2.0 and Connectivity Map, respectively. Results A total of 799 DEGs (449 upregulated and 350 downregulated) were identified. Upregulated DEGs were involved in Cell adhesion molecules (ICAM1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway (FOS, FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene; ICAM1), while downregulated DEGs participated in PPAR signaling pathway (PPARG, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma). A PPI network was constructed, in which FOS, ICAM1 and PPARG were ranked as hub genes and PPARG was a transcription factor to regulate other target genes (ICAM1, FOS). Function analysis of two significant modules further demonstrated PPAR signaling pathway was especially important. Furthermore, mmu-miR-130b-3p, mmu-miR-27a-3p, mmu-miR-27b-3p and mmu-miR-721 were predicted to regulate PPARG. Topiramate were speculated to be a potential small-molecule drug to reverse DEGs in AHL. Conclusions PPAR mediated signaling pathway may be an important mechanism for AHL. Downregulation of the above miRNAs and use of topiramate may be potential treatment strategies for ALH by upregulating PPARG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhong Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Anting Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,NHC. Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Bowser LE, Young M, Wenger OK, Ammous Z, Brigatti KW, Carson VJ, Moser T, Deline J, Aoki K, Morlet T, Scott EM, Puffenberger EG, Robinson DL, Hendrickson C, Salvin J, Gottlieb S, Heaps AD, Tiemeyer M, Strauss KA. Recessive GM3 synthase deficiency: Natural history, biochemistry, and therapeutic frontier. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 126:475-488. [PMID: 30691927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
GM3 synthase, encoded by ST3GAL5, initiates synthesis of all downstream cerebral gangliosides. Here, we present biochemical, functional, and natural history data from 50 individuals homozygous for a pathogenic ST3GAL5 c.862C>T founder allele (median age 8.1, range 0.7-30.5 years). GM3 and its derivatives were undetectable in plasma. Weight and head circumference were normal at birth and mean Apgar scores were 7.7 ± 2.0 (1 min) and 8.9 ± 0.5 (5 min). Somatic growth failure, progressive microcephaly, global developmental delay, visual inattentiveness, and dyskinetic movements developed within a few months of life. Infantile-onset epileptic encephalopathy was characterized by a slow, disorganized, high-voltage background, poor state transitions, absent posterior rhythm, and spike trains from multiple independent cortical foci; >90% of electrographic seizures were clinically silent. Hearing loss affected cochlea and central auditory pathways and 76% of children tested failed the newborn hearing screen. Development stagnated early in life; only 13 (26%) patients sat independently (median age 30 months), three (6%) learned to crawl, and none achieved reciprocal communication. Incessant irritability, often accompanied by insomnia, began during infancy and contributed to high parental stress. Despite catastrophic neurological dysfunction, neuroimaging showed only subtle or no destructive changes into late childhood and hospitalizations were surprisingly rare (0.2 per patient per year). Median survival was 23.5 years. Our observations corroborate findings from transgenic mice which indicate that gangliosides might have a limited role in embryonic neurodevelopment but become vital for postnatal brain growth and function. These results have critical implications for the design and implementation of ganglioside restitution therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Thierry Morlet
- Auditory Physiology and Psychoacoustics Research Laboratory, Nemours Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Ethan M Scott
- Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jonathan Salvin
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Nemours Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Steven Gottlieb
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Nemours Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | | | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Aoki K, Heaps AD, Strauss KA, Tiemeyer M. Mass spectrometric quantification of plasma glycosphingolipids in human GM3 ganglioside deficiency. CLINICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 14 Pt B:106-114. [PMID: 34917767 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinms.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Among Amish communities of North America, biallelic mutations of ST3GAL5 (c.694C > T) eliminate synthesis of GM3 and its derivative downstream a- and b-series gangliosides. Systemic ganglioside deficiency is associated with infantile onset psychomotor retardation, slow brain growth, intractable epilepsy, deafness, and cortical visual impairment. We developed a robust quantitative assay to simultaneously characterize glycan and ceramide moieties of plasma glycosphingolipids (GSLs) among ST3GAL5 c.694C > T homozygotes (n = 8), their heterozygous siblings (n = 24), and wild type control (n = 19) individuals. Methods Following extraction and saponification of total plasma lipids, GSLs were purified on a tC18 cartridge column, permethylated, and subjected to nanospray ionization mass spectrometry utilizing neutral loss scanning and data-dependent acquisition. Plasma GSLs were quantified against appropriate synthetic standards. Results Our method demonstrated linearity from 5 to 250 μl of plasma. Recovery of synthetic GSLs spiked into plasma was 99-104% with no matrix interference. Quantitative plasma GSL profiles discriminated among ST3GAL5 genotypes: GM3 and GD3 were undetectable in ST3GAL5 c.694C > T homozygotes, who had markedly elevated lactosylceramide (19.17 ± 4.20 nmol/ml) relative to heterozygous siblings (9.62 ± 2.46 nmol/ml) and wild type controls (6.55 ± 2.16 nmol/ml). Children with systemic ganglioside deficiency had a distinctive shift in ceramide composition toward higher mass species. Conclusions Our quantitative glycolipidomics method discriminates among ST3GAL5 c.694C > T genotypes, can reveal subtle structural heterogeneity, and represents a useful new strategy to diagnose and monitor GSL disorders in humans.
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Key Words
- CID, collision-induced dissociation
- Cer, ceramide
- Dp, degree of polymerization
- EGCase, endoglycosylceramidase
- ESI-MS, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
- GD3, disialo-ganglioside GD3 (IUPAC-IUB: II3- α -(Neu5Ac)2-Gg2Cer)
- GM1b, monosialo-ganglioside GM1b (IUPAC-IUB: IV3-α-Neu5Ac-Gg4Cer)
- GM3
- GM3, monosialo-ganglioside GM3
- GSL, glycosphingolipid
- Gal, galactose
- GalNAc, N-acetylgalactosamine
- Ganglioside
- Gb3, globotriaosylceramide (IUPAC-IUB: Gb3Cer)
- Gb3-D, deuterated Gb3
- Gb4, globotetraosylceramide (IUPAC-IUB: Gb4Cer)
- Glc, glucose
- GlcCer, glucosylceramide
- Glycosphingolipid
- LacCer, lactosylceramide
- MS, mass spectrometry
- MSn, multidimensional mass spectrometry
- Mass spectrometry
- NL, neutral loss
- NSI, nanospray ionization
- Neu5Ac, sialic acid as N-5-acetylneuraminic acid
- Plasma
- ST3GAL5, CMP-Neu5Ac:Lactosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 5, previously known as SIAT9, SIATGM3S, ST3GalV, GM3-synthase
- TIM, total ion mapping
- UPLC, ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Aoki
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, Greece
| | - Adam D Heaps
- Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA, United States
| | - Kevin A Strauss
- Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA, United States.,Lancaster General Hospital, Lancaster, PA, United States
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, Greece.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, Greece
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Indellicato R, Parini R, Domenighini R, Malagolini N, Iascone M, Gasperini S, Masera N, dall’Olio F, Trinchera M. Total loss of GM3 synthase activity by a normally processed enzyme in a novel variant and in all ST3GAL5 variants reported to cause a distinct congenital disorder of glycosylation. Glycobiology 2019; 29:229-241. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Indellicato
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, via A. di Rudinì 8, Milano, Italy
| | - Rossella Parini
- Department of Pediatrics, University Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, San Gerardo Hospital, via Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milano, Italy
| | - Ruben Domenighini
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, via A. di Rudinì 8, Milano, Italy
| | - Nadia Malagolini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, via San Giacomo 14, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Iascone
- Laboratory of Genetics, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Piazza OMS 1, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Serena Gasperini
- Department of Pediatrics, University Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, San Gerardo Hospital, via Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Masera
- Department of Pediatrics, University Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, San Gerardo Hospital, via Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy
| | - Fabio dall’Olio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, via San Giacomo 14, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Trinchera
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DMC), University of Insubria, via JH Dunant 5, Varese, Italy
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12
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Trinchera M, Parini R, Indellicato R, Domenighini R, dall'Olio F. Diseases of ganglioside biosynthesis: An expanding group of congenital disorders of glycosylation. Mol Genet Metab 2018; 124:230-237. [PMID: 29983310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Among the numerous congenital disorders of glycosylation concerning glycoproteins, only a single mutation in ganglioside biosynthesis had been reported until a few years ago: one in the ST3GAL5 gene, encoding GM3 synthase. More recently, additional mutations in the same gene were reported, together with several distinct mutations in the B4GALNT1 gene, encoding GM2/GD2/GA2 synthase. Patients suffering from ST3GAL5 deficiency present a devastating syndrome characterized by early onset and dramatic neurological and cognitive impairment, sometimes associated with dyspigmentation and an increased blood lactate concentration. On the other hand, B4GALNT1 mutations give rise to a form of complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), previously referred to as HSP26. It is characterized by the late onset of lower limb weakness and mild to moderate intellectual impairment, which is usually not progressive. In addition to the most typical signs, some patients present ocular and endocrine signs, pes cavus, and psychiatric illness. Since the nineties, mice lacking genes for single glycosyltransferases involved in ganglioside biosynthesis, including ST3GAL5 and B4GALNT1, were created and studied. The resulting phenotypes were frequently mild or very mild, so double knock-out animals were created to effectively study the function of gangliosides. The main clinical and biochemical features of patients suffering from GM3 synthase or GM2/GD2/GA2 synthase deficiency, compared with the phenotypes described in mice that are null for single or multiple glycosyltransferase genes, provide suggestions to improve the recognition of novel mutations and potentially related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Trinchera
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DMC), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Rossella Parini
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione MBBM, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Rossella Indellicato
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Ruben Domenighini
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio dall'Olio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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