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Senichkin VV, Pervushin NV, Zamaraev AV, Sazonova EV, Zuev AP, Streletskaia AY, Prikazchikova TA, Zatsepin TS, Kovaleva OV, Tchevkina EM, Zhivotovsky B, Kopeina GS. Bak and Bcl-xL Participate in Regulating Sensitivity of Solid Tumor Derived Cell Lines to Mcl-1 Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010181. [PMID: 35008345 PMCID: PMC8750033 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Apoptosis is one of the best-known types of programmed cell death. This process is regulated by a number of genes and proteins, among which the Bcl-2 protein family plays a key role. This family includes anti- and proapoptotic proteins. Cancer cell resistance to apoptosis is commonly associated with overexpression of the antiapoptotic members of Bcl-2 family proteins, in particular, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1. Subsequently, these proteins represent perspective targets for anticancer therapy. Here, using an inhibitory approach, we found that Bak and Bcl-xL regulate sensitivity of cancer cells to Mcl-1 inhibition. Abstract BH3 mimetics represent a promising tool in cancer treatment. Recently, the drugs targeting the Mcl-1 protein progressed into clinical trials, and numerous studies are focused on the investigation of their activity in various preclinical models. We investigated two BH3 mimetics to Mcl-1, A1210477 and S63845, and found their different efficacies in on-target doses, despite the fact that both agents interacted with the target. Thus, S63845 induced apoptosis more effectively through a Bak-dependent mechanism. There was an increase in the level of Bcl-xL protein in cells with acquired resistance to Mcl-1 inhibition. Cell lines sensitive to S63845 demonstrated low expression of Bcl-xL. Tumor tissues from patients with lung adenocarcinoma were characterized by decreased Bcl-xL and increased Bak levels of both mRNA and proteins. Concomitant inhibition of Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 demonstrated dramatic cytotoxicity in six of seven studied cell lines. We proposed that co-targeting Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 might lead to a release of Bak, which cannot be neutralized by other anti-apoptotic proteins. Surprisingly, in Bak-knockout cells, inhibition of Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL still resulted in pronounced cell death, arguing against a sole role of Bak in the studied phenomenon. We demonstrate that Bak and Bcl-xL are co-factors for, respectively, sensitivity and resistance to Mcl-1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viacheslav V. Senichkin
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (N.V.P.); (A.V.Z.); (E.V.S.); (A.P.Z.); (A.Y.S.)
| | - Nikolay V. Pervushin
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (N.V.P.); (A.V.Z.); (E.V.S.); (A.P.Z.); (A.Y.S.)
| | - Alexey V. Zamaraev
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (N.V.P.); (A.V.Z.); (E.V.S.); (A.P.Z.); (A.Y.S.)
| | - Elena V. Sazonova
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (N.V.P.); (A.V.Z.); (E.V.S.); (A.P.Z.); (A.Y.S.)
| | - Anton P. Zuev
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (N.V.P.); (A.V.Z.); (E.V.S.); (A.P.Z.); (A.Y.S.)
| | - Alena Y. Streletskaia
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (N.V.P.); (A.V.Z.); (E.V.S.); (A.P.Z.); (A.Y.S.)
| | | | - Timofei S. Zatsepin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Skolkovo, Russia; (T.A.P.); (T.S.Z.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Kovaleva
- NN Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncogenes Regulation, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (E.M.T.)
| | - Elena M. Tchevkina
- NN Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncogenes Regulation, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (E.M.T.)
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (N.V.P.); (A.V.Z.); (E.V.S.); (A.P.Z.); (A.Y.S.)
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (G.S.K.)
| | - Gelina S. Kopeina
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (N.V.P.); (A.V.Z.); (E.V.S.); (A.P.Z.); (A.Y.S.)
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (G.S.K.)
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Luo Y, Jiang Q, Zhu Z, Sattar H, Wu J, Huang W, Su S, Liang Y, Wang P, Meng X. Phosphoproteomics and Proteomics Reveal Metabolism as a Key Node in LPS-Induced Acute Inflammation in RAW264.7. Inflammation 2021; 43:1667-1679. [PMID: 32488682 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the acute inflammatory mechanisms, the modulation, and to investigate the key node in predicting inflammatory diseases, high-sensitivity LC-MS/MS-based proteomics and phosphoproteomics approaches were used to identify differential proteins in RAW264.7 macrophages with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Furthermore, differential proteins and their main biological process, as well as signaling pathways, were analyzed through bioinformatics techniques. The biological process comparison revealed 219 differential proteins and 405 differential phosphorylation proteins, including major regulatory factors of metabolism (PFKL, PGK1, GYS1, ACC, HSL, LDHA, RAB14, PRKAA1), inflammatory signaling transduction (IKKs, NF-κB, IRAK, IKBkb, PI3K, AKT), and apoptosis (MCL-1, BID, NOXA, SQSTM1). Label-free proteome demonstrated canonical inflammation signaling pathways such as the TNF signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. Meanwhile, phosphoproteome revealed new areas of acute inflammation. Phosphoproteomics profiled that glycolysis was enhanced and lipid synthesis was increased. Overall, the AMPK signaling pathway is the key regulatory part in macrophages. These revealed that the early initiation phase of acute inflammation primarily regulated the phosphoproteins of glucose metabolic pathway and lipid synthesis to generate energy and molecules, along with the enhancement of pro-inflammatory factors, and further induced apoptosis. Phosphoproteomics provides new evidence for a complex network of specific but synergistically acting mechanisms confirming that metabolism has a key role in acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwen Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Haseeb Sattar
- International School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasi Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenge Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Su
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusheng Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianli Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China.
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Wenmaekers S, Viergever BJ, Kumar G, Kranenburg O, Black PC, Daugaard M, Meijer RP. A Potential Role for HUWE1 in Modulating Cisplatin Sensitivity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051262. [PMID: 34065298 PMCID: PMC8160634 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used antineoplastic agent, whose efficacy is limited by primary and acquired therapeutic resistance. Recently, a bladder cancer genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knock-out screen correlated cisplatin sensitivity to multiple genetic biomarkers. Among the screen’s top hits was the HECT domain-containing ubiquitin E3 ligase (HUWE1). In this review, HUWE1 is postulated as a therapeutic response modulator, affecting the collision between platinum-DNA adducts and the replication fork, the primary cytotoxic action of platins. HUWE1 can alter the cytotoxic response to platins by targeting essential components of the DNA damage response including BRCA1, p53, and Mcl-1. Deficiency of HUWE1 could lead to enhanced DNA damage repair and a dysfunctional apoptotic apparatus, thereby inducing resistance to platins. Future research on the relationship between HUWE1 and platins could generate new mechanistic insights into therapy resistance. Ultimately, HUWE1 might serve as a clinical biomarker to tailor cancer treatment strategies, thereby improving cancer care and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Wenmaekers
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (B.J.V.); (O.K.)
- Department of Oncological Urology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan J. Viergever
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (B.J.V.); (O.K.)
- Department of Oncological Urology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gunjan Kumar
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; (G.K.); (P.C.B.)
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Onno Kranenburg
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (B.J.V.); (O.K.)
| | - Peter C. Black
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; (G.K.); (P.C.B.)
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; (G.K.); (P.C.B.)
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (R.P.M.)
| | - Richard P. Meijer
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (B.J.V.); (O.K.)
- Department of Oncological Urology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (R.P.M.)
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Pervushin NV, Senichkin VV, Kapusta AA, Gorbunova AS, Kaminskyy VO, Zhivotovsky B, Kopeina GS. Nutrient Deprivation Promotes MCL-1 Degradation in an Autophagy-Independent Manner. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:1235-1244. [PMID: 33202208 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1, which is an attractive target for cancer treatment, is degraded under nutrient deprivation conditions in different types of cancer. This process sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapy. It has been found that nutrient deprivation leads to suppression of Mcl-1 synthesis; however, the mechanisms of Mcl-1 degradation under such conditions remain to be elucidated. In this study, we have investigated the contribution of autophagy and proteasomal degradation to the regulation of the level of Mcl-1 protein under nutrient deprivation conditions. We found that these circumstances cause a decrease in the level of Mcl-1 in cancer cells in a macroautophagy-independent manner via proteasomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Pervushin
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192, Russia
| | - V V Senichkin
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192, Russia
| | - A A Kapusta
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192, Russia
| | - A S Gorbunova
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192, Russia
| | - V O Kaminskyy
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - B Zhivotovsky
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192, Russia.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - G S Kopeina
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192, Russia.
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Naumova N, Šachl R. Regulation of Cell Death by Mitochondrial Transport Systems of Calcium and Bcl-2 Proteins. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E299. [PMID: 33096926 PMCID: PMC7590060 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria represent the fundamental system for cellular energy metabolism, by not only supplying energy in the form of ATP, but also by affecting physiology and cell death via the regulation of calcium homeostasis and the activity of Bcl-2 proteins. A lot of research has recently been devoted to understanding the interplay between Bcl-2 proteins, the regulation of these interactions within the cell, and how these interactions lead to the changes in calcium homeostasis. However, the role of Bcl-2 proteins in the mediation of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, and therefore the induction of cell death pathways, remain underestimated and are still not well understood. In this review, we first summarize our knowledge about calcium transport systems in mitochondria, which, when miss-regulated, can induce necrosis. We continue by reviewing and analyzing the functions of Bcl-2 proteins in apoptosis. Finally, we link these two regulatory mechanisms together, exploring the interactions between the mitochondrial Ca2+ transport systems and Bcl-2 proteins, both capable of inducing cell death, with the potential to determine the cell death pathway-either the apoptotic or the necrotic one.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radek Šachl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic;
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Saga of Mcl-1: regulation from transcription to degradation. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:405-419. [PMID: 31907390 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0486-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The members of the Bcl-2 family are the central regulators of various cell death modalities. Some of these proteins contribute to apoptosis, while others counteract this type of programmed cell death, thus balancing cell demise and survival. A disruption of this balance leads to the development of various diseases, including cancer. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that underlie the regulation of proteins of the Bcl-2 family is of great importance for biomedical research. Among the members of the Bcl-2 family, antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1 is characterized by a short half-life, which renders this protein highly sensitive to changes in its synthesis or degradation. Hence, the regulation of Mcl-1 is of particular scientific interest, and the study of Mcl-1 modulators could aid in the understanding of the mechanisms of disease development and the ways of their treatment. Here, we summarize the present knowledge regarding the regulation of Mcl-1, from transcription to degradation, focusing on aspects that have not yet been described in detail.
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Serum starvation enhances nonsense mutation readthrough. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:1695-1710. [PMID: 31786671 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01847-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Of all genetic mutations causing human disease, premature termination codons (PTCs) that result from splicing defaults, insertions, deletions, and point mutations comprise around 30%. From these mutations, around 11% are a substitution of a single nucleotide that change a codon into a premature termination codon. These types of mutations affect several million patients suffering from a large variety of genetic diseases, ranging from relatively common inheritable cancer syndromes to muscular dystrophy or very rare neuro-metabolic disorders. Over the past three decades, genetic and biochemical studies have revealed that certain antibiotics and other synthetic molecules can act as nonsense mutation readthrough-inducing drugs. These compounds bind a specific site on the rRNA and, as a result, the stop codon is misread and an amino acid (that may or may not differ from the wild-type amino acid) is inserted and translation occurs through the premature termination codon. This strategy has great therapeutic potential. Unfortunately, many readthrough agents are toxic and cannot be administered over the extended period usually required for the chronic treatment of genetic diseases. Furthermore, readthrough compounds only restore protein production in very few disease models and the readthrough levels are usually low, typically achieving no more than 5% of normal protein expression. Efforts have been made over the years to overcome these obstacles so that readthrough treatment can become clinically relevant. Here, we present the creation of a stable cell line system that constitutively expresses our dual-reporter vector harboring two cancer initiating nonsense mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. This system will be used as an improved screening method for isolation of new nonsense mutation readthrough inducers. Using these cell lines as well as colorectal cancer cell lines, we demonstrate that serum starvation enhances drug-induced readthrough activity, an observation which may prove beneficial in a therapeutic scenario that requires higher levels of the restored protein. KEY MESSAGES: Nonsense mutations affects millions of people worldwide. We have developed a nonsense mutation read-through screening tool. We find that serum starvation enhances antibiotic-induced nonsense mutation read-through. Our results suggest new strategies for enhancing nonsense mutation read-through that may have positive effects on a large number of patients.
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Chen JC, Lee IN, Huang C, Wu YP, Chung CY, Lee MH, Lin MHC, Yang JT. Valproic acid-induced amphiregulin secretion confers resistance to temozolomide treatment in human glioma cells. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:756. [PMID: 31370819 PMCID: PMC6670223 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most severe type of primary brain tumor with a high mortality rate. Although extensive treatments for GBM, including resection, irradiation, chemotherapy and immunotherapy, have been tried, the prognosis is still poor. Temozolomide (TMZ), an alkylating agent, is a front-line chemotherapeutic drug for the clinical treatment of GBM; however, its effects are very limited because of the chemoresistance. Valproic acid (VPA), an antiepileptic agent with histone deacetylase inhibitor activity, has been shown to have synergistic effects with TMZ against GBM. The mechanism of action of VPA on TMZ combination therapy is still unclear. Accumulating evidence has shown that secreted proteins are responsible for the cross talking among cells in the tumor microenvironment, which may play a critical role in the regulation of drug responses. METHODS To understand the effect of VPA on secreted proteins in GBM cells, we first used the antibody array to analyze the cell culture supernatant from VPA-treated and untreated GBM cells. The results were further confirmed by lentivirus-mediated knockdown and exogenous recombinant administration. RESULTS Our results showed that amphiregulin (AR) was highly secreted in VPA-treated cells. Knockdown of AR can sensitize GBM cells to TMZ. Furthermore, pretreatment of exogenous recombinant AR significantly increased EGFR activation and conferred resistance to TMZ. To further verify the effect of AR on TMZ resistance, cells pre-treated with AR neutralizing antibody markedly increased sensitivity to TMZ. In addition, we also observed that the expression of AR was positively correlated with the resistance of TMZ in different GBM cell lines. CONCLUSIONS The present study aimed to identify the secreted proteins that contribute to the modulation of drug response. Understanding the full set of secreted proteins present in glial cells might help reveal potential therapeutic opportunities. The results indicated that AR may potentially serve as biomarker and therapeutic approach for chemotherapy regimens in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Chieh Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, 60004 Taiwan
| | - I-Neng Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, 61363 Taiwan
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Earth and Life Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, 61363 Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Yen Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, 61363 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsueh Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, 61363 Taiwan
| | - Martin Hsiu-Chu Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, 61363 Taiwan
| | - Jen-Tsung Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, 61363 Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, 33302 Taiwan
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Senichkin VV, Streletskaia AY, Zhivotovsky B, Kopeina GS. Molecular Comprehension of Mcl-1: From Gene Structure to Cancer Therapy. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:549-562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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