1
|
Wang P, Pei X, Zhou W, Zhao Y, Gu P, Li Y, Gao J. Research and application progress of microbial β-mannanases: a mini-review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:169. [PMID: 38630389 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Mannan is a predominant constituent of cork hemicellulose and is widely distributed in various plant tissues. β-Mannanase is the principal mannan-degrading enzyme, which breaks down the β-1,4-linked mannosidic bonds in mannans in an endo-acting manner. Microorganisms are a valuable source of β-mannanase, which exhibits catalytic activity in a wide range of pH and temperature, making it highly versatile and applicable in pharmaceuticals, feed, paper pulping, biorefinery, and other industries. Here, the origin, classification, enzymatic properties, molecular modification, immobilization, and practical applications of microbial β-mannanases are reviewed, the future research directions for microbial β-mannanases are also outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Pei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000, PR China
| | - Weiqiang Zhou
- Weili Biotechnology (Shandong) Co., Ltd, Taian, 271400, PR China
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Pengfei Gu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Yumei Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China.
| | - Juan Gao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China.
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Key Technologies for High-Value and High-Efficiency Full Industry Chain of Lonicera japonica, Linyi, 273399, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mafa MS, Malgas S. Towards an understanding of the enzymatic degradation of complex plant mannan structures. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:302. [PMID: 37688610 PMCID: PMC10492685 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls are composed of a heterogeneous mixture of polysaccharides that require several different enzymes to degrade. These enzymes are important for a variety of biotechnological processes, from biofuel production to food processing. Several classical mannanolytic enzyme functions of glycoside hydrolases (GH), such as β-mannanase, β-mannosidase and α-galactosidase activities, are helpful for efficient mannan hydrolysis. In this light, we bring three enzymes into the model of mannan degradation that have received little or no attention. By linking their three-dimensional structures and substrate specificities, we have predicted the interactions and cooperativity of these novel enzymes with classical mannanolytic enzymes for efficient mannan hydrolysis. The novel exo-β-1,4-mannobiohydrolases are indispensable for the production of mannobiose from the terminal ends of mannans, this product being the preferred product for short-chain mannooligosaccharides (MOS)-specific β-mannosidases. Second, the side-chain cleaving enzymes, acetyl mannan esterases (AcME), remove acetyl decorations on mannan that would have hindered backbone cleaving enzymes, while the backbone cleaving enzymes liberate MOS, which are preferred substrates of the debranching and sidechain cleaving enzymes. The nonhydrolytic expansins and swollenins disrupt the crystalline regions of the biomass, improving their accessibility for AcME and GH activities. Finally, lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases have also been implicated in promoting the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass or mannan degradation by classical mannanolytic enzymes, possibly by disrupting adsorbed mannan residues. Modelling effective enzymatic mannan degradation has implications for improving the saccharification of biomass for the synthesis of value-added and upcycling of lignocellulosic wastes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mpho Stephen Mafa
- Carbohydrates and Enzymology Laboratory (CHEM-LAB), Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300 South Africa
| | - Samkelo Malgas
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nath S, Kango N. Recent Developments in Industrial Mycozymes: A Current Appraisal. Mycology 2022; 13:81-105. [PMID: 35711326 PMCID: PMC9196846 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2021.1974111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi, being natural decomposers, are the most potent, ubiquitous and versatile sources of industrial enzymes. About 60% of market share of industrial enzymes is sourced from filamentous fungi and yeasts. Mycozymes (myco-fungus; zymes-enzymes) are playing a pivotal role in several industrial applications and a number of potential applications are in the offing. The field of mycozyme production, while maintaining the old traditional methods, has also witnessed a sea change due to advents in recombinant DNA technology, optimisation protocols, fermentation technology and systems biology. Consolidated bioprocessing of abundant lignocellulosic biomass and complex polysaccharides is being explored at an unprecedented pace and a number of mycozymes of diverse fungal origins are being explored using suitable platforms. The present review attempts to revisit the current status of various mycozymes, screening and production strategies and applications thereof.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Nath
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, MP, India
| | - Naveen Kango
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, MP, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
High surfactant-tolerant β-mannanase isolated from Dynastes hercules larvae excrement, and identification of its hotspot using site-directed mutagenesis and molecular dynamics simulations. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 154:109956. [PMID: 34871822 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The β-mannanase from Bacillus subtilis HM7 (Man26HM7) isolated from Dynastes hercules larvae excrement was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Biochemical characterization shows that optimal pH and temperature for catalysis are 6.0 and 50 °C, respectively. Man26HM7 displayed excellent surfactant stability by retaining 70% of initial activity in 1%(w/v) SDS, and more than 90% of initial activity in 1%(w/v) Triton X-100 and Tween 80. Results from amino acid sequence alignment and molecular modeling suggest residue 238 of β-mannanase as a hotspot of SDS-tolerance. Mutagenesis at the equivalent residue of another homolog, β-mannanase from Bacillus subtilis CAe24 (Man26CAe24), significantly enhanced the SDS stability of this enzyme. Comparative computational analysis, including molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation, were then performed to compute the binding free energy of SDS to Man26HM7, Man26CAe24, and variant enzymes. The results suggest that residue 238 of Man26HM7 is involved in SDS binding to the hydrophobic surface of β-mannanase. This study provides not only the promising application of Man26HM7 in detergent and cleaning products but also valuable information for enhancing the surfactant stability of β-mannanase by enzyme engineering.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kaira GS, Kapoor M. Molecular advancements on over-expression, stability and catalytic aspects of endo-β-mannanases. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 41:1-15. [PMID: 33032458 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1825320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of mannans by endo-β-mannanases continues to gather significance as exemplified by its commercial applications in food, feed, and a rekindled interest in biorefineries. The present review provides a comprehensive account of fundamental research and fascinating insights in the field of endo-β-mannanase engineering in order to improve over-expression and to decipher molecular determinants governing activity-stability during harsh conditions, substrate recognition, polysaccharide specificity, endo/exo mode of action and multi-functional activities in the modular polypeptide. In-depth analysis of the available literature has also been made on rational and directed evolution approaches, which have translated native endo-β-mannanases into superior biocatalysts for satisfying industrial requirements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Singh Kaira
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mukesh Kapoor
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu S, Cui T, Song Y. Expression, homology modeling and enzymatic characterization of a new β-mannanase belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 1 from Enterobacter aerogenes B19. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:142. [PMID: 32665004 PMCID: PMC7362650 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01399-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-mannanase can hydrolyze β-1,4 glycosidic bond of mannan by the manner of endoglycosidase to generate mannan-oligosaccharides. Currently, β-mannanase has been widely applied in food, medicine, textile, paper and petroleum exploitation industries. β-mannanase is widespread in various organisms, however, microorganisms are the main source of β-mannanases. Microbial β-mannanases display wider pH range, temperature range and better thermostability, acid and alkali resistance, and substrate specificity than those from animals and plants. Therefore microbial β-mannanases are highly valued by researchers. Recombinant bacteria constructed by gene engineering and modified by protein engineering have been widely applied to produce β-mannanase, which shows more advantages than traditional microbial fermentation in various aspects. RESULTS A β-mannanase gene (Man1E), which encoded 731 amino acid residues, was cloned from Enterobacter aerogenes. Man1E was classified as Glycoside Hydrolase family 1. The bSiteFinder prediction showed that there were eight essential residues in the catalytic center of Man1E as Trp166, Trp168, Asn229, Glu230, Tyr281, Glu309, Trp341 and Lys374. The catalytic module and carbohydrate binding module (CBM) of Man1E were homologously modeled. Superposition analysis and molecular docking revealed the residues located in the catalytic module of Man1E and the CBM of Man1E. The recombinant enzyme was successfully expressed, purified, and detected about 82.5 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The optimal reaction condition was 55 °C and pH 6.5. The enzyme exhibited high stability below 60 °C, and in the range of pH 3.5-8.5. The β-mannanase activity was activated by low concentration of Co2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Ba2+ and Ca2+. Man1E showed the highest affinity for Locust bean gum (LBG). The Km and Vmax values for LBG were 3.09 ± 0.16 mg/mL and 909.10 ± 3.85 μmol/(mL min), respectively. CONCLUSIONS A new type of β-mannanase with high activity from E. aerogenes is heterologously expressed and characterized. The enzyme belongs to an unreported β-mannanase family (CH1 family). It displays good pH and temperature features and excellent catalysis capacity for LBG and KGM. This study lays the foundation for future application and molecular modification to improve its catalytic efficiency and substrate specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liu
- School of Biological Science and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tangbing Cui
- School of Biological Science and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yan Song
- School of Biological Science and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Preparation, characterization, and prebiotic activity of manno-oligosaccharides produced from cassia gum by a glycoside hydrolase family 134 β-mannanase. Food Chem 2020; 309:125709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
8
|
Bamford NC, Le Mauff F, Subramanian AS, Yip P, Millán C, Zhang Y, Zacharias C, Forman A, Nitz M, Codée JDC, Usón I, Sheppard DC, Howell PL. Ega3 from the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus is an endo-α-1,4-galactosaminidase that disrupts microbial biofilms. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13833-13849. [PMID: 31416836 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes both chronic and acute invasive infections. Galactosaminogalactan (GAG) is an integral component of the A. fumigatus biofilm matrix and a key virulence factor. GAG is a heterogeneous linear α-1,4-linked exopolysaccharide of galactose and GalNAc that is partially deacetylated after secretion. A cluster of five co-expressed genes has been linked to GAG biosynthesis and modification. One gene in this cluster, ega3, is annotated as encoding a putative α-1,4-galactosaminidase belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 114 (GH114). Herein, we show that recombinant Ega3 is an active glycoside hydrolase that disrupts GAG-dependent A. fumigatus and Pel polysaccharide-dependent Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms at nanomolar concentrations. Using MS and functional assays, we demonstrate that Ega3 is an endo-acting α-1,4-galactosaminidase whose activity depends on the conserved acidic residues, Asp-189 and Glu-247. X-ray crystallographic structural analysis of the apo Ega3 and an Ega3-galactosamine complex, at 1.76 and 2.09 Å resolutions, revealed a modified (β/α)8-fold with a deep electronegative cleft, which upon ligand binding is capped to form a tunnel. Our structural analysis coupled with in silico docking studies also uncovered the molecular determinants for galactosamine specificity and substrate binding at the -2 to +1 binding subsites. The findings in this study increase the structural and mechanistic understanding of the GH114 family, which has >600 members encoded by plant and opportunistic human pathogens, as well as in industrially used bacteria and fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C Bamford
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - François Le Mauff
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.,Infectious Disease and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.,McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1Y2, Canada
| | - Adithya S Subramanian
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Patrick Yip
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Claudia Millán
- Structural Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Carrer Baldiri Reixac 15, 3 A17, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Yongzhen Zhang
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Caitlin Zacharias
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.,Infectious Disease and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.,McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1Y2, Canada
| | - Adam Forman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark Nitz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel Usón
- Structural Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Carrer Baldiri Reixac 15, 3 A17, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Donald C Sheppard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada .,Infectious Disease and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.,McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1Y2, Canada
| | - P Lynne Howell
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang J, Chen Q, Zhou B, Wang X, Liu S. Manno‐oligosaccharide preparation by the hydrolysis of konjac flour with a thermostable endo‐mannanase from
Talaromyces cellulolyticus. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:520-532. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J.‐K. Yang
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan China
| | - Q.‐C. Chen
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan China
| | - B. Zhou
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan China
| | - X.‐J. Wang
- Shandong Longda Bio‐Products Co., Ltd. Yishui County Shandong China
| | - S.‐Q. Liu
- Shandong Longda Bio‐Products Co., Ltd. Yishui County Shandong China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kaira GS, Kapoor M. How substrate subsites in GH26 endo-mannanase contribute towards mannan binding. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 510:358-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
11
|
You X, Qin Z, Yan Q, Yang S, Li Y, Jiang Z. Structural insights into the catalytic mechanism of a novel glycoside hydrolase family 113 β-1,4-mannanase from Amphibacillus xylanus. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:11746-11757. [PMID: 29871927 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
β-1,4-Mannanase degrades β-1,4-mannan polymers into manno-oligosaccharides with a low degree of polymerization. To date, only one glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 113 β-1,4-mannanase, from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius (AaManA), has been structurally characterized, and no complex structure of enzyme-manno-oligosaccharides from this family has been reported. Here, crystal structures of a GH family 113 β-1,4-mannanase from Amphibacillus xylanus (AxMan113A) and its complexes with mannobiose, mannotriose, mannopentaose, and mannahexaose were solved. AxMan113A had higher affinity for -1 and +1 mannoses, which explains why the enzyme can hydrolyze mannobiose. At least six subsites (-4 to +2) exist in the groove, but mannose units preferentially occupied subsites -4 to -1 because of steric hindrance formed by Lys-238 and Trp-239. Based on the structural information and bioinformatics, rational design was implemented to enhance hydrolysis activity. Enzyme activity of AxMan113A mutants V139C, N237W, K238A, and W239Y was improved by 93.7, 63.4, 112.9, and 36.4%, respectively, compared with the WT. In addition, previously unreported surface-binding sites were observed. Site-directed mutagenesis studies and kinetic data indicated that key residues near the surface sites play important roles in substrate binding and recognition. These first GH family 113 β-1,4-mannanase-manno-oligosaccharide complex structures may be useful in further studying the catalytic mechanism of GH family 113 members, and provide novel insight into protein engineering of GHs to improve their hydrolysis activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin You
- From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083
| | - Zhen Qin
- the School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, and
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- the College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanxiao Li
- From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- the College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|