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de Almeida Barros R, Meriño-Cabrera Y, Severiche Castro JG, Rodrigues da Silva Júnior N, Schultz H, de Andrade RJ, Aguilar de Oliveira JV, de Oliveira Ramos HJ, de Almeida Oliveira MG. Inhibition constant and stability of tripeptide inhibitors of gut trypsin-like enzyme of the soybean pest Anticarsia gemmatalis. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 110:e21887. [PMID: 35315942 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Insects overcome the action of natural protease inhibitors (PIs) due to evolutionary adaptations through endogenous proteolysis and reprogramming proteases. Insect adaptations complicate the formulation of IP-based crop protection products. However, small peptides designed based on the active site of enzymes have shown promising results that could change this scenario. GORE1 and GORE2 are designed tripeptides that reduce the survival of Anticarsia gemmatalis when ingested orally. In this article, the stability and ability of the peptides to bind trypsin-like enzymes of A. gemmatalis were evaluated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The ability of the peptides to inhibit trypsin-like enzymes in vivo was compared with the SKTI protein by feeding A. gemmatalis larvae at different concentrations, followed by an inhibition persistence assay. During the MD simulation of enzyme-ligand complexes, both peptides showed a small variation of root-mean-square deviation and root-mean-square fluctuation, suggesting that these molecules reach equilibrium when forming a complex with the trypsin-like enzyme. Furthermore, both peptides form hydrogen bonds with substrate recognition sites of A. gemmatalis trypsin-like enzyme, with GORE2 having more interactions than GORE1. Larvae of A. gemmatalis exposed to the peptides and SKTI showed a similar reduction in proteolytic activity, but the persistence of inhibition of trypsin-like enzyme was longer in peptide-fed insects. Despite their size, the peptides exhibit important active and substrate binding site interactions, stability during complex formation, and steadiness effects in vivo. The results provide fundamental information for the development of mimetic molecules and help in decision-making for the selection of delivery methods for larger-scale experiments regarding similar molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de Almeida Barros
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Biochemistry of Proteins and Peptides, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, BIOAGRO-UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Yaremis Meriño-Cabrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Biochemistry of Proteins and Peptides, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, BIOAGRO-UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José G Severiche Castro
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Biochemistry of Proteins and Peptides, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, BIOAGRO-UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia
| | - Neilier Rodrigues da Silva Júnior
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Biochemistry of Proteins and Peptides, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, BIOAGRO-UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Halina Schultz
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Biochemistry of Proteins and Peptides, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, BIOAGRO-UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael J de Andrade
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Biochemistry of Proteins and Peptides, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, BIOAGRO-UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João V Aguilar de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Biochemistry of Proteins and Peptides, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, BIOAGRO-UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Humberto J de Oliveira Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Biochemistry of Proteins and Peptides, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, BIOAGRO-UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria G de Almeida Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Biochemistry of Proteins and Peptides, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, BIOAGRO-UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Zhang Y, Guo W, Chen L, Shen X, Yang H, Fang Y, Ouyang W, Mai S, Chen H, Chen S, Hao Q, Yuan S, Zhang C, Huang Y, Shan Z, Yang Z, Qiu D, Zhou X, Cao D, Li X, Jiao Y. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Targeted Mutagenesis of GmUGT Enhanced Soybean Resistance Against Leaf-Chewing Insects Through Flavonoids Biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:802716. [PMID: 35273623 PMCID: PMC8902248 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.802716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Leaf-chewing insects are important pests that cause yield loss and reduce seed quality in soybeans (Glycine max). Breeding soybean varieties that are resistant to leaf-chewing insects can minimize the need for insecticide use and reduce yield loss. The marker gene for QTL-M, Glyma.07g110300 (LOC100775351) that encodes a UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) is the major determinant of resistance against leaf-chewing insects in soybean; it exhibits a loss of function in insect-resistant soybean germplasms. In this study, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation introduced the CRISPR/Cas9 expression vector into the soybean cultivar Tianlong No. 1 to generate Glyma.07g110300-gene mutants. We obtained two novel types of mutations, a 33-bp deletion and a single-bp insertion in the GmUGT coding region, which resulted in an enhanced resistance to Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura. Additionally, overexpressing GmUGT produced soybean varieties that were more sensitive to H. armigera and S. litura. Both mutant and overexpressing lines exhibited no obvious phenotypic changes. The difference in metabolites and gene expression suggested that GmUGT is involved in imparting resistance to leaf-chewing insects by altering the flavonoid content and expression patterns of genes related to flavonoid biosynthesis and defense. Furthermore, ectopic expression of the GmUGT gene in the ugt72b1 mutant of Arabidopsis substantially rescued the phenotype of H. armigera resistance in the atugt72b1 mutant. Our study presents a strategy for increasing resistance against leaf-chewing insects in soybean through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis of the UGT genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Limiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinjie Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yisheng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqi Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Sihua Mai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuilian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingnan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Songli Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chanjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihui Shan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhonglu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dezhen Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongqing Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Synthesis and bioactivities of new N-terminal dipeptide mimetics with aromatic amide moiety: Broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and high antineoplastic activity. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 228:113977. [PMID: 34772526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The increasingly growing epidemics of multidrug-resistant bacteria are becoming severe public health threat. There is in an urgent need to develop new antibacterial agents with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and high selectivity. Here, a series of N-terminal dipeptide mimetics with an aromatic amide moiety were synthesized from amino acids. The effects of amino acid type and aromatic moiety on the biological activities of the mimetics were evaluated. The dipeptide mimetics not only showed significant broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae), Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and drug-resistant bacterium MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus) but also demonstrated high selectivity for S. aureus versus mammalian erythrocytes. The coupling product of L-valine with p-alkynylaniline (dipeptide mimetic 7) exhibited the best antibacterial activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 2.5 to 5 μg/mL. Moreover, the bactericidal kinetics and multi-passage resistance tests indicated that the mimetic 7 both rapidly killed bacteria and had a low probability of emergence of antimalarial resistance. Meanwhile, the mimetic 7 possessed the ability to both inhibit bacterial biofilm formation and eradicate mature biofilm. The depolarization and destruction of the bacterial cell membrane is the main sterilization mechanism, which hinders the propensity to develop bacterial resistance. Furthermore, the mimetic 7 also showed good antineoplastic activity against gastric cancer cell (SGC 7901, IC50 = 70.8 μg/mL), while it had very low toxicity to mammalian cell (L929). The mimetics bear considerable potential to be used as antibacterial and anticancer agents to combat antibiotic resistance.
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Yadav NK, Saikhedkar NS, Giri AP. PINIR: a comprehensive information resource for Pin-II type protease inhibitors. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:267. [PMID: 34107869 PMCID: PMC8188708 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serine protease inhibitors belonging to the Potato type-II Inhibitor family Protease Inhibitors (Pin-II type PIs) are essential plant defense molecules. They are characterized by multiple inhibitory repeat domains, conserved disulfide bond pattern, and a tripeptide reactive center loop. These features of Pin-II type PIs make them potential molecules for protein engineering and designing inhibitors for agricultural and therapeutic applications. However, the diversity in these PIs remains unexplored due to the lack of annotated protein sequences and their functional attributes in the available databases. RESULTS We have developed a database, PINIR (Pin-II type PIs Information Resource), by systematic collection and manual annotation of 415 Pin-II type PI protein sequences. For each PI, the number and position for signature sequences are specified: 695 domains, 75 linkers, 63 reactive center loops, and 10 disulfide bond patterns are identified and mapped. Database analysis revealed novel subcategories of PIs, species-correlated occurrence of inhibitory domains, reactive center loops, and disulfide bond patterns. By analyzing linker regions, we predict that alternative processing at linker regions could generate PI variants in the Solanaceae family. CONCLUSION PINIR ( https://pinir.ncl.res.in ) provides a web interface for browsing and analyzing the protein sequences of Pin-II type PIs. Information about signature sequences, spatio-temporal expression, biochemical properties, gene sequences, and literature references are provided. Analysis of PINIR depicts conserved species-specific features of Pin-II type PI protein sequences. Diversity in the sequence of inhibitory domains and reactive loops directs potential applications to engineer Pin-II type PIs. The PINIR database will serve as a comprehensive information resource for further research into Pin-II type PIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhilesh K Yadav
- Publication and Science Communication Unit, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Information Systems Area, Indian Institute of Management Indore, Indore, 453556, India
| | - Nidhi S Saikhedkar
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ashok P Giri
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Singh D, Kesavan AK, Sohal SK. Deterioration of digestive physiology of Bactrocera cucurbitae larvae by trypsin inhibitor purified from seeds of Mucuna pruriens. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 169:104647. [PMID: 32828366 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Peptidase inhibitors (PIs) are plant proteins that are found to be effective against various digestive peptidases of insects. The present study isolated and characterized a trypsin inhibitor from mature dry seeds of Mucuna pruriens and investigated its effect against Bactrocera cucurbitae larvae, a major pest of cucurbitaceae crops, for its inhibitory activity. The purified trypsin inhibitor from M. pruriens seeds gave a molecular weight of ~11 kDa on SDS-PAGE. M. pruriens trypsin inhibitor (MPTI) exhibited inhibitory effect on growth of melon fruit fly larvae (64-72 h old) as it resulted in prolongation of larval, pupal and total development period. There was a significant increase in larval mortality with increase in concentration of MPTI. Nutritional indices decreased significantly at all the concentrations of MPTI. Quantitative RT- PCR revealed that the mRNA expression level of trypsin and chymotrypsin genes was reduced while that of GST, esterases, AP, SOD and catalase were enhanced. It can therefore be inferred that MPTI can serve as a promising agent for biocontrol that can reduce the problems caused by fruit fly and other similar catastrophic pests. This study provides the fundamental information for future successful strategies for pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishtant Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Anup Kumar Kesavan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Satwinder Kaur Sohal
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
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Samiksha, Singh D, Kesavan AK, Sohal SK. Exploration of anti-insect potential of trypsin inhibitor purified from seeds of Sapindus mukorossi against Bactrocera cucurbitae. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17025. [PMID: 31745144 PMCID: PMC6863899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidase inhibitors (PIs) are defense proteins of plants which are active against gut peptidases of different insects. Sapindus mukorossi was identified as a source of bioactive PIs which could confer resistance against Bactrocera cucurbitae, a most devastating pest of several economically important crops. In the present study, a trypsin inhibitor was purified from mature dry seeds of S. mukorossi and characterized for its biochemical properties as well as its potential for bio control of B. cucurbitae. The purified fractions from RP- HPLC through SDS-PAGE gave an apparent molecular weight of ~29 kDa. S. mukorossi trypsin inhibitor (SMTI) was found to be a non-competitive inhibitor which was active over a broad range of temperature (10–100 °C) and pH (6–11). SMTI when incorporated in artificial diet inhibited the growth and development of B. cucurbitae larvae. Gene expression analysis of trypsin and chymotrypsin genes via qRT-PCR indicated that their mRNA expression was down-regulated while that of other genes namely, Catalase, Elastase, Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione –S-transferase and Alkaline Phosphatase was up regulated. SMTI also showed deleterious effects against different bacterial strains. The results of this study indicated that S. mukorossi trypsin inhibitor has potential to be used as a bio control agent that can reduce the harm caused by melon fruit fly and other devastating pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Drishtant Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Anup Kumar Kesavan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Satwinder Kaur Sohal
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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