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Datta N, Johnson C, Kao D, Gurnani P, Alexander C, Polytarchou C, Monaghan TM. MicroRNA-based therapeutics for inflammatory disorders of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106870. [PMID: 37499702 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
An emerging but less explored shared pathophysiology across microbiota-gut-brain axis disorders is aberrant miRNA expression, which may represent novel therapeutic targets. miRNAs are small, endogenous non-coding RNAs that are important transcriptional repressors of gene expression. Most importantly, they regulate the integrity of the intestinal epithelial and blood-brain barriers and serve as an important communication channel between the gut microbiome and the host. A well-defined understanding of the mode of action, therapeutic strategies and delivery mechanisms of miRNAs is pivotal in translating the clinical applications of miRNA-based therapeutics. Accumulating evidence links disorders of the microbiota-gut-brain axis with a compromised gut-blood-brain-barrier, causing gut contents such as immune cells and microbiota to enter the bloodstream leading to low-grade systemic inflammation. This has the potential to affect all organs, including the brain, causing central inflammation and the development of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. In this review, we have examined in detail miRNA biogenesis, strategies for therapeutic application, delivery mechanisms, as well as their pathophysiology and clinical applications in inflammatory gut-brain disorders. The research data in this review was drawn from the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Clinicaltrials.gov. With increasing evidence of the pathophysiological importance for miRNAs in microbiota-gut-brain axis disorders, therapeutic targeting of cross-regulated miRNAs in these disorders displays potentially transformative and translational potential. Further preclinical research and human clinical trials are required to further advance this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Datta
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Charlotte Johnson
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dina Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pratik Gurnani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cameron Alexander
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christos Polytarchou
- Department of Biosciences, John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Tanya M Monaghan
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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2
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Yang M, Zhang Y, Li M, Liu X, Darvishi M. The various role of microRNAs in breast cancer angiogenesis, with a special focus on novel miRNA-based delivery strategies. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:24. [PMID: 36765409 PMCID: PMC9912632 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
After skin malignancy, breast cancer is the most widely recognized cancer detected in women in the United States. Breast cancer (BCa) can happen in all kinds of people, but it's much more common in women. One in four cases of cancer and one in six deaths due to cancer are related to breast cancer. Angiogenesis is an essential factor in the growth of tumors and metastases in various malignancies. An expanded level of angiogenesis is related to diminished endurance in BCa patients. This function assumes a fundamental part inside the human body, from the beginning phases of life to dangerous malignancy. Various factors, referred to as angiogenic factors, work to make a new capillary. Expanding proof demonstrates that angiogenesis is managed by microRNAs (miRNAs), which are small non-coding RNA with 19-25 nucleotides. MiRNA is a post-transcriptional regulator of gene expression that controls many critical biological processes. Endothelial miRNAs, referred to as angiomiRs, are probably concerned with tumor improvement and angiogenesis via regulation of pro-and anti-angiogenic factors. In this article, we reviewed therapeutic functions of miRNAs in BCa angiogenesis, several novel delivery carriers for miRNA-based therapeutics, as well as CRISPR/Cas9 as a targeted therapy in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132101 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132101 China
| | - Min Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132101 China
| | - Xinglong Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132101 China
| | - Mohammad Darvishi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center (IDTMRC), Department of Aerospace and Subaquatic Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Tu MJ, Yu AM. Recent Advances in Novel Recombinant RNAs for Studying Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation in Drug Metabolism and Disposition. Curr Drug Metab 2023; 24:175-189. [PMID: 37170982 PMCID: PMC10825985 DOI: 10.2174/1389200224666230425232433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters are major determinants of the absorption, disposition, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of drugs, and changes in ADME gene expression or function may alter the pharmacokinetics/ pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) and further influence drug safety and therapeutic outcomes. ADME gene functions are controlled by diverse factors, such as genetic polymorphism, transcriptional regulation, and coadministered medications. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a superfamily of regulatory small noncoding RNAs that are transcribed from the genome to regulate target gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The roles of miRNAs in controlling ADME gene expression have been demonstrated, and such miRNAs may consequently influence cellular drug metabolism and disposition capacity. Several types of miRNA mimics and small interfering RNA (siRNA) reagents have been developed and widely used for ADME research. In this review article, we first provide a brief introduction to the mechanistic actions of miRNAs in post-transcriptional gene regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and transcription factors. After summarizing conventional small RNA production methods, we highlight the latest advances in novel recombinant RNA technologies and applications of the resultant bioengineered RNA (BioRNA) agents to ADME studies. BioRNAs produced in living cells are not only powerful tools for general biological and biomedical research but also potential therapeutic agents amenable to clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Juan Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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4
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Sharma AR, Lee YH, Lee SS. Recent advancements of miRNAs in the treatment of bone diseases and their delivery potential. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 4:100150. [PMID: 36691422 PMCID: PMC9860349 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in understanding miRNAs as endogenous posttranscriptional regulatory units have projected them as novel therapeutics for several untreatable diseases. miRNAs are endogenous non-coding small single-stranded RNA molecules (20-24 nucleotides) with specific gene regulatory functions like repression of mRNA translation by degrading mRNAs. Emerging evidence suggests the role of miRNAs in various stages of bone growth and development. Undoubtedly, due to their critical role in bone remodeling, miRNAs might be projected as a novel approach to treating bone-related diseases. However, the instability associated with miRNAs in their complex environment, such as degradation by nucleases, is a concern. Thus, recent attention is being paid to maintaining the miRNAs' safety and efficacy in the cells. Various efficient delivery systems and chemical modifications of miRNAs are being developed to make them a potential therapeutic option for bone diseases. Here, we have tried to recapitulate the recent advances in the role of miRNAs in bone disease, along with the potential delivery systems for their efficient delivery to the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Corresponding author. Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24252, South Korea.
| | | | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Corresponding author. Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24252, South Korea.
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5
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MicroRNAs in T Cell-Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010250. [PMID: 36613706 PMCID: PMC9820302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as master regulators of gene expression in homeostasis and disease. Despite the rapidly growing body of evidence on the theranostic potential of restoring miRNA levels in pre-clinical models, the translation into clinics remains limited. Here, we review the current knowledge of miRNAs as T-cell targeting immunotherapeutic tools, and we offer an overview of the recent advances in miRNA delivery strategies, clinical trials and future perspectives in RNA interference technologies.
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Abdel Rhman M, Owira P. The role of microRNAs in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1663-1676. [PMID: 36130185 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an end-point macrovascular complication associated with increased morbidity and mortality in 12% of diabetic patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that can act as cardioprotective or cardiotoxic agents in DCM. METHODS We used PubMed as a search engine to collect and analyse data in published articles on the role of miRNAs on the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of DCM. RESULTS MiRNAs play an essential role in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of DCM due to their distinct gene expression patterns in diabetic patients compared to healthy individuals. Advances in gene therapy have led to the discovery of potential circulating miRNAs, which can be used as biomarkers for DCM diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, targeted miRNA therapies in preclinical and clinical studies, such as using miRNA mimics and anti-miRNAs, have yielded promising results. Application of miRNA mimics and anti-miRNAs via different nanodrug delivery systems alleviate hypertrophy, fibrosis, oxidative stress and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION MiRNAs serve as attractive potential targets for DCM diagnosis, prognosis and treatment due to their distinctive expression profile in DCM development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahasin Abdel Rhman
- Department of Pharmacology, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University of Kwazulu-Natal, P.O. Box X5401, Durban, South Africa
| | - Peter Owira
- Department of Pharmacology, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University of Kwazulu-Natal, P.O. Box X5401, Durban, South Africa
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7
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Saiyed AN, Vasavada AR, Johar SRK. Recent trends in miRNA therapeutics and the application of plant miRNA for prevention and treatment of human diseases. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022; 8:24. [PMID: 35382490 PMCID: PMC8972743 DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Researchers now have a new avenue to investigate when it comes to miRNA-based therapeutics. miRNAs have the potential to be valuable biomarkers for disease detection. Variations in miRNA levels may be able to predict changes in normal physiological processes. At the epigenetic level, miRNA has been identified as a promising candidate for distinguishing and treating various diseases and defects. Main body In recent pharmacology, plants miRNA-based drugs have demonstrated a potential role in drug therapeutics. The purpose of this review paper is to discuss miRNA-based therapeutics, the role of miRNA in pharmacoepigenetics modulations, plant miRNA inter-kingdom regulation, and the therapeutic value and application of plant miRNA for cross-kingdom approaches. Target prediction and complementarity with host genes, as well as cross-kingdom gene interactions with plant miRNAs, are also revealed by bioinformatics research. We also show how plant miRNA can be transmitted from one species to another by crossing kingdom boundaries in this review. Despite several unidentified barriers to plant miRNA cross-transfer, plant miRNA-based gene regulation in trans-kingdom gene regulation may soon be valued as a possible approach in plant-based drug therapeutics. Conclusion This review summarised the biochemical synthesis of miRNAs, pharmacoepigenetics, drug therapeutics and miRNA transkingdom transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiyabanu N. Saiyed
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
- Ph.D. scholar of Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Abhay R. Vasavada
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
| | - S. R. Kaid Johar
- Department of Zoology, BMTC, Human Genetics, USSC, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
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MicroRNA as a Biomarker for Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Purpose in Urinary Tract Cancer. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9122136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of urologic cancers, including kidney, upper tract urothelial, and bladder malignancies, is increasing globally, with a high percentage of cases showing metastasis upon diagnosis and low five-year survival rates. MicroRNA (miRNA), a small non-coding RNA, was found to regulate the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in several tumors, including cancers of the urinary system. In the current review, we comprehensively discuss the recently reported up-or down-regulated miRNAs as well as their possible targets and regulated pathways involved in the development, progression, and metastasis of urinary tract cancers. These miRNAs represent potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers that may help in efficient and early diagnosis in addition to better treatment outcomes.
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Alsaadi M, Khan MY, Dalhat MH, Bahashwan S, Khan MU, Albar A, Almehdar H, Qadri I. Dysregulation of miRNAs in DLBCL: Causative Factor for Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Prognosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101739. [PMID: 34679437 PMCID: PMC8535125 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA is a small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) involved in gene silencing and regulating post-transcriptional gene expression. miRNAs play an essential role in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, viral diseases and cancer. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), arising from different stages of B-cell differentiation whose pathogenesis involves miRNAs. Various viral and non-viral vectors are used as a delivery vehicle for introducing specific miRNA inside the cell. Adenoviruses are linear, double-stranded DNA viruses with 35 kb genome size and are extensively used in gene therapy. Meanwhile, Adeno-associated viruses accommodate up to 4.8 kb foreign genetic material and are favorable for transferring miRNA due to small size of miRNA. The genetic material is integrated into the DNA of the host cell by retroviruses so that only dividing cells are infected and stable expression of miRNA is achieved. Over the years, remarkable progress was made to understand DLBCL biology using advanced genomics and epigenomics technologies enabling oncologists to uncover multiple genetic mutations in DLBCL patients. These genetic mutations are involved in epigenetic modification, ability to escape immunosurveillance, impaired BCL6 and NF-κβ signaling pathways and blocking terminal differentiation. These pathways have since been identified and used as therapeutic targets for the treatment of DLBCL. Recently miRNAs were also identified to act either as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in DLBCL pathology by altering the expression levels of some of the known DLBCL related oncogenes. i.e., miR-155, miR-17-92 and miR-21 act as oncogenes by altering the expression levels of MYC, SHIP and FOXO1, respectively, conversely; miR-34a, mir-144 and miR-181a act as tumor suppressors by altering the expression levels of SIRT1, BCL6 and CARD11, respectively. Hundreds of miRNAs have already been identified as biomarkers in the prognosis and diagnosis of DLBCL because of their significant roles in DLBCL pathogenesis. In conclusion, miRNAs in addition to their role as biomarkers of prognosis and diagnosis could also serve as potential therapeutic targets for treating DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alsaadi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (M.Y.K.); (A.A.); (H.A.)
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Yasir Khan
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (M.Y.K.); (A.A.); (H.A.)
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Hassan Dalhat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Salem Bahashwan
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- King AbdulAziz University Hospital, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Uzair Khan
- Department of Health Sciences, City University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan;
| | - Abdulgader Albar
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (M.Y.K.); (A.A.); (H.A.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah University, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein Almehdar
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (M.Y.K.); (A.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Ishtiaq Qadri
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (M.Y.K.); (A.A.); (H.A.)
- Correspondence:
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miRNAs and lncRNAs as Novel Therapeutic Targets to Improve Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071587. [PMID: 33808190 PMCID: PMC8036682 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer onset and progression are promoted by high deregulation of the immune system. Recently, major advances in molecular and clinical cancer immunology have been achieved, offering new agents for the treatment of common tumors, often with astonishing benefits in terms of prolonged survival and even cure. Unfortunately, most tumors are still resistant to current immune therapy approaches, and basic knowledge of the resistance mechanisms is eagerly awaited. We focused our attention on noncoding RNAs, a class of RNA that regulates many biological processes by targeting selectively crucial molecular pathways and that, recently, had their role in cancer cell immune escape and modulation of the tumor microenvironment identified, suggesting their function as promising immunotherapeutic targets. In this scenario, we point out that noncoding RNAs are progressively emerging as immunoregulators, and we depict the current information on the complex network involving the immune system and noncoding RNAs and the promising therapeutic options under investigation. Novel opportunities are emerging from noncoding-RNAs for the treatment of immune-refractory tumors. Abstract Immunotherapy is presently one of the most promising areas of investigation and development for the treatment of cancer. While immune checkpoint-blocking monoclonal antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell-based therapy have recently provided in some cases valuable therapeutic options, the goal of cure has not yet been achieved for most malignancies and more efforts are urgently needed. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNA), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), regulate several biological processes via selective targeting of crucial molecular signaling pathways. Recently, the key roles of miRNA and lncRNAs as regulators of the immune-response in cancer have progressively emerged, since they may act (i) by shaping the intrinsic tumor cell and microenvironment (TME) properties; (ii) by regulating angiogenesis, immune-escape, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and drug resistance; and (iii) by acting as potential biomarkers for prognostic assessment and prediction of response to immunotherapy. In this review, we provide an overview on the role of ncRNAs in modulating the immune response and the TME. We discuss the potential use of ncRNAs as potential biomarkers or as targets for development or clinical translation of new therapeutics. Finally, we discuss the potential combinatory approaches based on ncRNA targeting agents and tumor immune-checkpoint inhibitor antibodies or CAR-T for the experimental treatment of human cancer.
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Preclinical Experimental Applications of miRNA Loaded BMSC Extracellular Vesicles. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:471-501. [PMID: 33398717 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have been investigated for many years, especially for tissue regeneration, and have inherent limitations. One of the rapidly developing fields in the scientific world in recent years is extracellular vesicles. Especially, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell originated extracellular vesicles are known to have positive contributions in tissue regeneration, and these extracellular vesicles have also been used as gene transfer systems for cellular therapy. Through gene expression analysis and bioinformatics tools, it is possible to determine which genes have changed in the targeted tissue or cell and which miRNAs that can correct this gene expression disorder. This approach connecting the stem cell, extracellular vesicles, epigenetics regulation and bioinformatics fields is one of the promising areas for the treatment of diseases in the future. With this review, it is aimed to present the studies carried out for the use of bone marrow stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles loaded with targeted miRNAs in different in vivo and in vitro human disease models and to discuss recent developments in this field.
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Tu MJ, Wright HK, Batra N, Yu AM. Expression and Purification of tRNA/ pre-miRNA-Based Recombinant Noncoding RNAs. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2323:249-265. [PMID: 34086286 PMCID: PMC9516694 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1499-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Research on RNA function and therapeutic potential is dominated by the use of chemoengineered RNA mimics. Recent efforts have led to the establishment of novel technologies for the production of recombinant or bioengineered RNA molecules, which should better recapitulate the structures, functions and safety profiles of natural RNAs because both are produced and folded in living cells. Herein, we describe a robust approach for reproducible fermentation production of bioengineered RNA agents (BERAs) carrying warhead miRNAs, siRNAs, aptamers, or other forms of small RNAs, based upon an optimal hybrid tRNA/pre-miRNA carrier. Target BERA/sRNAs are readily purified by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) to a high degree of homogeneity (>97%). This approach offers a consistent high-level expression (>30% of total bacterial RNAs) and large-scale production of ready-to-use BERAs (multiple to tens milligrams from 1 L bacterial culture).
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Hashemi A, Gorji-Bahri G. MicroRNA: Promising Roles in Cancer Therapy. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:1186-1203. [PMID: 32310047 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200420101613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNAs that act as one of the main regulators of gene expression. They are involved in maintaining a proper balance of diverse processes, including differentiation, proliferation, and cell death in normal cells. Cancer biology can also be affected by these molecules by modulating the expression of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Thus, miRNA based anticancer therapy is currently being developed either alone or in combination with chemotherapy agents used in cancer management, aiming at promoting tumor regression and increasing cure rate. Access to large quantities of RNA agents can facilitate RNA research and development. In addition to currently used in vitro methods, fermentation-based approaches have recently been developed, which can cost-effectively produce biological RNA agents with proper folding needed for the development of RNA-based therapeutics. Nevertheless, a major challenge in translating preclinical studies to clinical for miRNA-based cancer therapy is the efficient delivery of these agents to target cells. Targeting miRNAs/anti-miRNAs using antibodies and/or peptides can minimize cellular and systemic toxicity. Here, we provide a brief review of miRNA in the following aspects: biogenesis and mechanism of action of miRNAs, the role of miRNAs in cancer as tumor suppressors or oncogenes, the potential of using miRNAs as novel and promising therapeutics, miRNA-mediated chemo-sensitization, and currently utilized methods for the in vitro and in vivo production of RNA agents. Finally, an update on the viral and non-viral delivery systems is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Hashemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gilar Gorji-Bahri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Soliman AM, Lin TS, Mahakkanukrauh P, Das S. Role of microRNAs in Diagnosis, Prognosis and Management of Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7539. [PMID: 33066062 PMCID: PMC7589124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancerous bone disease characterized by malignant transformation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. MM is considered to be the second most common blood malignancy, with 20,000 new cases reported every year in the USA. Extensive research is currently enduring to validate diagnostic and therapeutic means to manage MM. microRNAs (miRNAs) were shown to be dysregulated in MM cases and to have a potential role in either progression or suppression of MM. Therefore, researchers investigated miRNAs levels in MM plasma cells and created tools to test their impact on tumor growth. In the present review, we discuss the most recently discovered miRNAs and their regulation in MM. Furthermore, we emphasized utilizing miRNAs as potential targets in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of MM, which can be useful for future clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro M. Soliman
- Department of Biological Sciences—Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Teoh Seong Lin
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh
- Department of Anatomy & Excellence in Osteology Research and Training Center (ORTC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Onyeisi JOS, Pernambuco Filho PCDA, Mesquita APDS, Azevedo LCD, Nader HB, Lopes CC. Effects of syndecan-4 gene silencing by micro RNA interference in anoikis resistant endothelial cells: Syndecan-4 silencing and anoikis resistance. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 128:105848. [PMID: 32927086 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cell's resistance to cell death by adhesion loss to extracellular matrix (anoikis), contributes to tumor progression and metastasis. Various adhesion molecules are involved in the anoikis resistance, including the syndecan-4 (SDC4), a heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) present on the cell surface. Changes in the expression of SDC4 have been observed in tumor and transformed cells, indicating its involvement in cancer. In previous works, we demonstrated that acquisition of anoikis resistance resistance by blocking adhesion to the substrate up-regulates syndecan-4 expression in endothelial cells. This study investigates the role of SDC4 in the transformed phenotype of anoikis resistant endothelial cells. Anoikis-resistant endothelial cells (Adh1-EC) were transfected with micro RNA interference (miR RNAi) targeted against syndecan-4. The effect of SDC4 silencing was analyzed by real-time PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence. Transfection with miRNA-SDC4 resulted in a sequence-specific decrease in syndecan-4 mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, we observed a reduction in the number of heparan and chondroitin sulfate chains in the cell extract and culture medium. The SDC4 silencing led to downregulation of proliferative and invasive capacity and angiogenic abilities of anoikis-resistant endothelial cells. Compared with the parental cells (Adh1-EC), SDC4 silenced cells (SDC4 miR-Syn-4-1-Adh1-EC e miR-Syn-4-2-Adh1-EC) exhibited an increase in adhesion to collagen and laminin and also in the apoptosis rate. Moreover, transfection with miRNA-SDC4 caused a decrease in the number of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. This is accompanied by an increase in the heparan sulfate synthesis after 12 h of simulation with fetal calf serum (FCS). SDC4 silencing cells are more dependent of growth factors present in the FCS to synthesize heparan sulfate than parental cells. Similar data were obtained for the wild-type cell line (EC). Our results indicated that downregulation of SDC4 expression reverses the transformed phenotype of anoikis resistant endothelial cells. These and other findings suggest that syndecan-4 is suitable for pharmacological intervention, making it an attractive target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Oyie Sousa Onyeisi
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula de Sousa Mesquita
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Cesar de Azevedo
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena Bonciani Nader
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Cristina Lopes
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
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Oncolytic Adenoviruses: Strategies for Improved Targeting and Specificity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061504. [PMID: 32526919 PMCID: PMC7352392 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major health problem. Most of the treatments exhibit systemic toxicity, as they are not targeted or specific to cancerous cells and tumors. Adenoviruses are very promising gene delivery vectors and have immense potential to deliver targeted therapy. Here, we review a wide range of strategies that have been tried, tested, and demonstrated to enhance the specificity of oncolytic viruses towards specific cancer cells. A combination of these strategies and other conventional therapies may be more effective than any of those strategies alone.
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Yu AM, Batra N, Tu MJ, Sweeney C. Novel approaches for efficient in vivo fermentation production of noncoding RNAs. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:1927-1937. [PMID: 31953559 PMCID: PMC7385725 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10350-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Genome-derived noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), play an essential role in the control of target gene expression underlying various cellular processes, and dysregulation of ncRNAs is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases in virtually all species including humans. Understanding ncRNA biology has opened new avenues to develop novel RNA-based therapeutics. Presently, ncRNA research and drug development is dominated by the use of ncRNA mimics that are synthesized chemically in vitro and supplemented with extensive and various types of artificial modifications and thus may not necessarily recapitulate the properties of natural RNAs generated and folded in living cells in vivo. Therefore, there are growing interests in developing novel technologies for in vivo production of RNA molecules. The two most recent major breakthroughs in achieving an efficient, large-scale, and cost-effective fermentation production of recombinant or bioengineered RNAs (e.g., tens of milligrams from 1 L of bacterial culture) are (1) using stable RNA carriers and (2) direct overexpression in RNase III-deficient bacteria, while other approaches offer a low yield (e.g., nano- to microgram scales per liter). In this article, we highlight these novel microbial fermentation-based technologies that have shifted the paradigm to the production of true biological ncRNA molecules for research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Neelu Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Mei-Juan Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Colleen Sweeney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
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Orso F, Quirico L, Dettori D, Coppo R, Virga F, Ferreira LC, Paoletti C, Baruffaldi D, Penna E, Taverna D. Role of miRNAs in tumor and endothelial cell interactions during tumor progression. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 60:214-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Recent progress in microRNA-based delivery systems for the treatment of human disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41544-019-0024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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20
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Bioengineering of a single long noncoding RNA molecule that carries multiple small RNAs. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6107-6117. [PMID: 31187211 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09934-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), regulate target gene expression and can be used as tools for understanding biological processes and identifying new therapeutic targets. Currently, ncRNA molecules for research and therapeutic use are limited to ncRNA mimics made by chemical synthesis. We have recently established a high-yield and cost-effective method of producing bioengineered or biologic ncRNA agents (BERAs) through bacterial fermentation, which is based on a stable tRNA/pre-miR-34a carrier (~ 180 nt) that accommodates target small RNAs. Nevertheless, it remains a challenge to heterogeneously express longer ncRNAs (e.g., > 260 nt), and it is unknown if single BERA may carry multiple small RNAs. To address this issue, we hypothesized that an additional human pre-miR-34a could be attached to the tRNA/pre-miR-34a scaffold to offer a new tRNA/pre-miR-34a/pre-miR-34a carrier (~ 296 nt) for the accommodation of multiple small RNAs. We thus designed ten different combinatorial BERAs (CO-BERAs) that include different combinations of miRNAs, siRNAs, and antagomirs. Our data showed that all target CO-BERAs were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli at high levels, greater than 40% in total bacterial RNAs. Furthermore, recombinant CO-BERAs were purified to a high degree of homogeneity by fast protein liquid chromatography methods. In addition, CO-BERAs exhibited strong anti-proliferative activities against a variety of human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. These results support the production of long ncRNA molecules carrying different warhead small RNAs for multi-targeting which may open avenues for developing new biologic RNAs as experimental, diagnostic, and therapeutic tools.
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Abstract
Small-molecule and protein/antibody drugs mainly act on genome-derived proteins to exert pharmacological effects. RNA based therapies hold the promise to expand the range of druggable targets from proteins to RNAs and the genome, as evidenced by several RNA drugs approved for clinical practice and many others under active trials. While chemo-engineered RNA mimics have found their success in marketed drugs and continue dominating basic research and drug development, these molecules are usually conjugated with extensive and various modifications. This makes them completely different from cellular RNAs transcribed from the genome that usually consist of unmodified ribonucleotides or just contain a few posttranscriptional modifications. The use of synthetic RNA mimics for RNA research and drug development is also in contrast with the ultimate success of protein research and therapy utilizing biologic or recombinant proteins produced and folded in living cells instead of polypeptides or proteins synthesized in vitro. Indeed, efforts have been made recently to develop RNA bioengineering technologies for cost-effective and large-scale production of biologic RNA molecules that may better capture the structures, functions, and safety profiles of natural RNAs. In this article, we provide an overview on RNA therapeutics for the treatment of human diseases via RNA interference mechanisms. By illustrating the structural differences between natural RNAs and chemo-engineered RNA mimics, we focus on discussion of a novel class of bioengineered/biologic RNA agents produced through fermentation and their potential applications to RNA research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Chao Jian
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Allan H Yu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Mei-Juan Tu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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22
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Sun X, Guo Q, Wei W, Robertson S, Yuan Y, Luo X. Current Progress on MicroRNA-Based Gene Delivery in the Treatment of Osteoporosis and Osteoporotic Fracture. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:6782653. [PMID: 30962808 PMCID: PMC6431398 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6782653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that microRNAs, as important endogenous posttranscriptional regulators, are essential for bone remodeling and regeneration. Undoubtedly, microRNA-based gene therapies show great potential to become novel approaches against bone-related diseases, including osteoporosis and associated fractures. The major obstacles for continued advancement of microRNA-based therapies in clinical application include their poor in vivo stability, nonspecific biodistribution, and unwanted side effects. Appropriate chemical modifications and delivery vectors, which improve the biological performance and potency of microRNA-based drugs, hold the key to translating miRNA technologies into clinical practice. Thus, this review summarizes the current attempts and existing deficiencies of chemical modifications and delivery systems applied in microRNA-based therapies for osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures to inform further explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138# Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Wenhua Wei
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Robertson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xianghang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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Saberianpour S, Heidarzadeh M, Geranmayeh MH, Hosseinkhani H, Rahbarghazi R, Nouri M. Tissue engineering strategies for the induction of angiogenesis using biomaterials. J Biol Eng 2018; 12:36. [PMID: 30603044 PMCID: PMC6307144 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-018-0133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is touted as a fundamental procedure in the regeneration and restoration of different tissues. The induction of de novo blood vessels seems to be vital to yield a successful cell transplantation rate loaded on various scaffolds. Scaffolds are natural or artificial substances that are considered as one of the means for delivering, aligning, maintaining cell connection in a favor of angiogenesis. In addition to the potential role of distinct scaffold type on vascularization, the application of some strategies such as genetic manipulation, and conjugation of pro-angiogenic factors could intensify angiogenesis potential. In the current review, we focused on the status of numerous scaffolds applicable in the field of vascular biology. Also, different strategies and priming approaches useful for the induction of pro-angiogenic signaling pathways were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Saberianpour
- 1Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St, Tabriz, 5166614756 Iran
- 2Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Heidarzadeh
- 1Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St, Tabriz, 5166614756 Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Geranmayeh
- 3Neuroscience Research Center, Imam Reza Medical Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- 1Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St, Tabriz, 5166614756 Iran
- 5Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- 2Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- 1Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St, Tabriz, 5166614756 Iran
- 5Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Feng Y, Hu H, Liang S, Wang D. Preparation of gene drug delivery systems of cationic peptide lipid with 0G-PAMAM as hydrophilic end and its biological properties evaluation. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 224:104685. [PMID: 30308199 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
As an efficient gene delivery, non-viral vectors should have high transfection efficiency, excellent endosomal escape, low cytotoxicity, and the ability to rapidly release the gene into the cytoplasm.Cationic liposome have been widely used as efficient gene carriers, but the cytotoxicity, rapid degradation and low cellular uptake are major drawback impeding its further appolication. Herein, with double lauric acid as hydrophobic chains, tartaric acid as skeleton, 0 generation PAMAM modified with lysine as hydrophilic head, a new type cationic peptide lipid was synthetised. The alkyl chain promote lipid across cell membranes and with membrane fusion, 0 generation PAMAM modified with lysine hydrophilic end amino can contain a large number of protons which can change into ammonium and combine with the DNA negatively charge phosphate groups. It is expected that this carrier has low toxicity, high transfection efficiency and targeting property. By adjusting the cationic liposome/gene weight ratio, the transfection system was optimized to improved gene transfection efficiency, reduce cytotoxicity, and increase property and stability, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Feng
- School of Biosciences and Biophamaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Haimei Hu
- School of Biosciences and Biophamaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Shuanghong Liang
- School of Biosciences and Biophamaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Biosciences and Biophamaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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25
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Caracciolo D, Montesano M, Altomare E, Scionti F, Di Martino MT, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P. The potential role of miRNAs in multiple myeloma therapy. Expert Rev Hematol 2018; 11:793-803. [DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2018.1517041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Caracciolo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Martina Montesano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emanuela Altomare
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Scionti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Di Martino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
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26
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Zhou P, Cao Y, Liu X, Yu T, Xu Q, You C, Gao X, Wei Y. Delivery siRNA with a novel gene vector for glioma therapy by targeting Gli1. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4781-4793. [PMID: 30214189 PMCID: PMC6118331 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s164364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gene therapy has recently shown considerable clinical benefit in cancer therapy during the past few years, and the application of this choice in cancer treatments is increasing continually. Gli1 is an ideal candidate target for cancer gene therapy and is important for tumorigenesis. Methods In this study, we developed a novel gene delivery system with a self-assembly method by using a 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane and methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide) copolymer (DMP), with zeta potential of 32.7 mV and measuring 35.6 nm. The effect of this delivery system was tested in vitro and in vivo. Results DMP showed good performance in delivering siRNA to glioma cells in vitro with high transfection performance (98%). Moreover, DMP–Gli1si shows a satisfactory anti-glioma effect via induction of cell apoptosis and cell growth inhibition in vitro. Furthermore, for subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice, treatment with the DMP–Gli1si complex significantly inhibited tumor growth by inhibiting Gli1 protein expression, promoting apoptosis, and reducing proliferation. Conclusion The complex of Gli1 siRNA and DMP may potentially play an important role as a new drug in the clinical treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhi Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Medicine College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China,
| | - Ting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China,
| | - Qian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China,
| | - Chao You
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China, .,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Medicine College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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27
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Roy S, Trautwein C, Luedde T, Roderburg C. A General Overview on Non-coding RNA-Based Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches for Liver Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:805. [PMID: 30158867 PMCID: PMC6104154 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases contribute to the global mortality and morbidity and still represent a major health problem leading to the death of people worldwide. Although there are several treatment options available for Hepatitis C infections, for most liver disease the pharmacological options are still limited. Therefore, the development of new targets against liver diseases is of high interest. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) such as microRNA (miRNA) or long ncRNA (lncRNA) have been shown to be deeply involved in the pathophysiology of almost all acute and chronic liver diseases. The emerging evidence showed the potential therapeutic use of miRNA associated with different steps of hepatic pathophysiology. In the present review, we summarize emerging insights of ncRNA in liver diseases. We also highlight example of ncRNAs participating in the pathogenesis of different forms of liver disease and how they can be used as potential therapeutic targets for novel treatment paradigms. Furthermore, we describe an overview of up-to-date clinical trials and discuss about its future in clinical applications. Finally, we highlight the role of circulating ncRNAs in diagnosis of liver diseases and discuss the challenges and drawbacks of the usage of ncRNAs in clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchari Roy
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Ghosh N, Katare R. Molecular mechanism of diabetic cardiomyopathy and modulation of microRNA function by synthetic oligonucleotides. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:43. [PMID: 29566757 PMCID: PMC5863891 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a chronic complication in individuals with diabetes and is characterized by ventricular dilation and hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, decreased or preserved systolic function and reduced ejection fraction eventually resulting in heart failure. Despite being well characterized, the fundamental mechanisms leading to DCM are still elusive. Recent studies identified the involvement of small non-coding small RNA molecules such as microRNAs (miRs) playing a key role in the etiology of DCM. Therefore, miRs associated with DCM represents a new class of targets for the development of mechanistic therapeutics, which may yield marked benefits compared to other therapeutic approaches. Indeed, few miRs currently under active clinical investigation, with many expressing cautious optimism that miRs based therapies will succeed in the coming years. The major caution in using miRs based therapy is the need to improve the stability and specificity following systemic injection, which can be achieved through chemical and structural modification. In this review, we first discuss the established role of miRs in DCM and the advances in miRs based therapeutic strategies for the prevention/treatment of DCM. We next discuss the currently employed chemical modification of miR oligonucleotides and their utility in therapies specifically focusing on the DCM. Finally, we summarize the commonly used delivery system and approaches for assessment of miRNA modulation and potential off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Ghosh
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, University of Otago, 270, Great King Street, Dunedin, 9010 New Zealand
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, University of Otago, 270, Great King Street, Dunedin, 9010 New Zealand
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29
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Curtin CM, Castaño IM, O'Brien FJ. Scaffold-Based microRNA Therapies in Regenerative Medicine and Cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 29068566 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
microRNA-based therapies are an advantageous strategy with applications in both regenerative medicine (RM) and cancer treatments. microRNAs (miRNAs) are an evolutionary conserved class of small RNA molecules that modulate up to one third of the human nonprotein coding genome. Thus, synthetic miRNA activators and inhibitors hold immense potential to finely balance gene expression and reestablish tissue health. Ongoing industry-sponsored clinical trials inspire a new miRNA therapeutics era, but progress largely relies on the development of safe and efficient delivery systems. The emerging application of biomaterial scaffolds for this purpose offers spatiotemporal control and circumvents biological and mechanical barriers that impede successful miRNA delivery. The nascent research in scaffold-mediated miRNA therapies translates know-how learnt from studies in antitumoral and genetic disorders as well as work on plasmid (p)DNA/siRNA delivery to expand the miRNA therapies arena. In this progress report, the state of the art methods of regulating miRNAs are reviewed. Relevant miRNA delivery vectors and scaffold systems applied to-date for RM and cancer treatment applications are discussed, as well as the challenges involved in their design. Overall, this progress report demonstrates the opportunity that exists for the application of miRNA-activated scaffolds in the future of RM and cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M. Curtin
- Tissue Engineering Research Group; Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI); 123 St. Stephens Green Dublin 2 Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering; Trinity College Dublin (TCD); Dublin 2 Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre; RCSI & TCD; Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Irene Mencía Castaño
- Tissue Engineering Research Group; Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI); 123 St. Stephens Green Dublin 2 Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering; Trinity College Dublin (TCD); Dublin 2 Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre; RCSI & TCD; Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group; Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI); 123 St. Stephens Green Dublin 2 Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering; Trinity College Dublin (TCD); Dublin 2 Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre; RCSI & TCD; Dublin 2 Ireland
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Sakamoto N, Honma R, Sekino Y, Goto K, Sentani K, Ishikawa A, Oue N, Yasui W. Non-coding RNAs are promising targets for stem cell-based cancer therapy. Noncoding RNA Res 2017; 2:83-87. [PMID: 30159424 PMCID: PMC6096406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The term “non-coding RNA” (ncRNA) is generally used to indicate RNA that does not encode a protein and includes several classes of RNAs, such as microRNA and long non-coding RNA. Several lines of evidence suggest that ncRNAs appear to be involved in a hidden layer of biological procedures that control various levels of gene expression in physiology and development including stem cell biology. Stem cells have recently constituted a revolution in regenerative medicine by providing the possibility of generating suitable cell types for therapeutic use. Here, we review the recent progress that has been made in elaborating the interaction between ncRNAs and tissue/cancer stem cells, discuss related technical and biological challenges, and highlight plausible solutions to surmount these difficulties. This review particularly emphasises the involvement of ncRNAs in stem cell biology and in vivo modulation to treat and cure specific pathological disorders especially in cancer. We believe that a better understanding of the molecular machinery of ncRNAs as related to pluripotency, cellular reprogramming, and lineage-specific differentiation is essential for progress of cancer therapy.
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Key Words
- CD, cytosine deaminase
- CSC, cancer stem cell
- EMT, epithelial to mesenchymal transition
- ESCs, embryonic stem cells
- MET, mesenchymal to epithelial transition
- MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells
- Non-coding RNA
- Stem cell-based therapy
- T-UCR, transcribed ultraconserved region
- Transcribed ultraconserved region
- iPSCs, induced pluripotent stem cells
- lincRNA, long inverting non-coding RNA
- lncRNA, long ncRNA
- miRNAs, microRNAs
- ncRNAs, non-coding RNAs
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ririno Honma
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yohei Sekino
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, United States
| | - Kazuhiro Sentani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naohide Oue
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Huleihel L, Scarritt ME, Badylak SF. The Influence of Extracellular RNA on Cell Behavior in Health, Disease and Regeneration. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 5:13-22. [PMID: 28944104 PMCID: PMC5604481 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-017-0121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW An overview of the role of extracellular RNAs (exRNA) in the regulation of homeostasis, disease progression, and regeneration is provided herein. Several exRNAs have been identified as potential biomarkers for disease and disease progression. In addition, the potential of exRNAs as a therapeutic modality is discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Fibrotic diseases of the lung, liver, and heart, among other organs share a number of identical exRNAs which play key roles in disease pathogenesis. Though regeneration is limited to only a few tissues in humans, small RNAs (e.g. microRNA) have been shown to be involved in the regenerative process of tissues such as liver and bone. The regulation of healing versus disease appears to be balanced by small RNAs. Because small RNAs are critical to health, they are being investigated as drug targets in multiple ongoing clinical trials. Preclinical studies suggest that promoting or blocking specific small RNAs can provide a novel therapeutic approach. SUMMARY exRNA can be utilized for both detection and treatment of disease. Natural and synthetic RNA carriers are being investigated as delivery methods for small RNA molecules. Current and future investigations are likely to lead to expanded applications for exRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luai Huleihel
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Michelle E. Scarritt
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Stephen F. Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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32
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Chin WX, Ang SK, Chu JJH. Recent advances in therapeutic recruitment of mammalian RNAi and bacterial CRISPR-Cas DNA interference pathways as emerging antiviral strategies. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:17-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Vincent M, de Lázaro I, Kostarelos K. Graphene materials as 2D non-viral gene transfer vector platforms. Gene Ther 2016; 24:123-132. [PMID: 27874854 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2016.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Advances in genomics and gene therapy could offer solutions to many diseases that remain incurable today, however, one of the critical reasons halting clinical progress is due to the difficulty in designing efficient and safe delivery vectors for the appropriate genetic cargo. Safety and large-scale production concerns counter-balance the high gene transfer efficiency achieved with viral vectors, while non-viral strategies have yet to become sufficiently efficient. The extraordinary physicochemical, optical and photothermal properties of graphene-based materials (GBMs) could offer two-dimensional components for the design of nucleic acid carrier systems. We discuss here such properties and their implications for the optimization of gene delivery. While the design of such vectors is still in its infancy, we provide here an exhaustive and up-to-date analysis of the studies that have explored GBMs as gene transfer vectors, focusing on the functionalization strategies followed to improve vector performance and on the biological effects attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vincent
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences and National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - I de Lázaro
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences and National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - K Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences and National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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34
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Attacking HIV-1 RNA versus DNA by sequence-specific approaches: RNAi versus CRISPR-Cas. Biochem Soc Trans 2016; 44:1355-1365. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20160060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection can be effectively controlled by potent antiviral drugs, but this never results in a cure. The patient should therefore take these drugs for the rest of his/her life, which can cause drug-resistance and adverse effects. Therefore, more durable therapeutic strategies should be considered, such as a stable gene therapy to protect the target T cells against HIV-1 infection. The development of potent therapeutic regimens based on the RNA interference (RNAi) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR-Cas) mechanisms will be described, which can be delivered by lentiviral vectors. These mechanisms attack different forms of the viral genome, the RNA and DNA, respectively, but both mechanisms act in a strictly sequence-specific manner. Early RNAi experiments demonstrated profound virus inhibition, but also indicated that viral escape is possible. Such therapy failure can be prevented by the design of a combinatorial RNAi attack on the virus and this gene therapy is currently being tested in a preclinical humanized mouse model. Recent CRISPR-Cas studies also document robust virus inhibition, but suggest a novel viral escape route that is induced by the cellular nonhomologous end joining DNA repair pathway, which is activated by CRISPR-Cas-induced DNA breaks. We will compare these two approaches for durable HIV-1 suppression and discuss the respective advantages and disadvantages. The potential for future clinical applications will be described.
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35
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Jeong EH, Kim H, Jang B, Cho H, Ryu J, Kim B, Park Y, Kim J, Lee JB, Lee H. Technological development of structural DNA/RNA-based RNAi systems and their applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 104:29-43. [PMID: 26494399 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi)-based gene therapy has drawn tremendous attention due to its highly specific gene regulation by selective degradation of any target mRNA. There have been multiple reports regarding the development of various cationic materials for efficient siRNA delivery, however, many studies still suffer from the conventional delivery problems such as suboptimal transfection performance, a lack of tissue specificity, and potential cytotoxicity. Despite the huge therapeutic potential of siRNAs, conventional gene carriers have failed to guarantee successful gene silencing in vivo, thus not warranting clinical trials. The relatively short double-stranded structure of siRNAs has resulted in uncompromising delivery formulations, as well as low transfection efficiency, compared with the conventional nucleic acid drugs such as plasmid DNAs. Recent developments in structural siRNA and RNAi nanotechnology have enabled more refined and reliable in vivo gene silencing with multiple advantages over naked siRNAs. This review focuses on recent progress in the development of structural DNA/RNA-based RNAi systems and their potential therapeutic applications. In addition, an extensive list of prior reports on various RNAi systems is provided and categorized by their distinctive molecular characters.
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Abstract
RNA interference mediated gene silencing has tremendous applicability in fields ranging from basic biological research to clinical therapy. However, delivery of siRNA across the cell membrane into the cytoplasm, where the RNA silencing machinery is located, is a significant hurdle in most primary cells. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), peptides that possess an intrinsic ability to translocate across cell membranes, have been explored as a means to achieve cellular delivery of siRNA. Approaches using CPPs by themselves or through incorporation into other siRNA delivery platforms have been investigated with the intent of improving cytoplasmic delivery. Here, we review the utilization of CPPs for siRNA delivery with a focus on strategies developed to enhance cellular uptake, endosomal escape and cytoplasmic localization of CPP/siRNA complexes.
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37
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Doldi V, Pennati M, Forte B, Gandellini P, Zaffaroni N. Dissecting the role of microRNAs in prostate cancer metastasis: implications for the design of novel therapeutic approaches. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2531-42. [PMID: 26970978 PMCID: PMC11108520 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic prostate cancer is a lethal disease that remains incurable despite the recent approval of new drugs, thus making the development of alternative treatment approaches urgently needed. A more precise understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying prostate cancer dissemination could lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for the design of efficient anti-metastatic strategies. MicroRNA (miRNAs) are endogenous, small non-coding RNA molecules acting as key regulators of gene expression at post-transcriptional level. It has been clearly established that altered miRNA expression is a common hallmark of cancer. In addition, emerging evidence suggests their direct involvement in the metastatic cascade. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the data generated in experimental tumor models indicating that specific miRNAs may impinge on the different stages of prostate cancer metastasis, including (i) the regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cell migration/invasion, (ii) the interplay between cancer cells and the surrounding stroma, (iii) the control of angiogenesis, (iv) the regulation of anoikis, and (v) the colonization of distant organs. Moreover, we show preliminary evidence of the clinical relevance of some of these miRNAs, in terms of association with tumor aggressiveness/dissemination and clinical outcome, as emerged from translation studies carried out in prostate cancer patient cohorts. We also discuss the potential and the current limitations of manipulating metastasis-related miRNAs, by mimicking or inhibiting them, as a strategy for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Doldi
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marzia Pennati
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Forte
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Gandellini
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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38
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Berman M, Mattheolabakis G, Suresh M, Amiji M. Reversing epigenetic mechanisms of drug resistance in solid tumors using targeted microRNA delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:987-98. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1178236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Berman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George Mattheolabakis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megha Suresh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mansoor Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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39
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Wan N, Jia YY, Hou YL, Ma XX, He YS, Li C, Zhou SY, Zhang BL. Preparation, Physicochemical Properties, and Transfection Activities of Tartaric Acid-Based Cationic Lipids as Effective Nonviral Gene Delivery Vectors. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:1112-20. [PMID: 27118165 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work two novel cationic lipids using natural tartaric acid as linking backbone were synthesized. These cationic lipids were simply constructed by tartaric acid backbone using head group 6-aminocaproic acid and saturated hydrocarbon chains dodecanol (T-C12-AH) or hexadecanol (T-C16-AH). The physicochemical properties, gel electrophoresis, transfection activities, and cytotoxicity of cationic liposomes were tested. The optimum formulation for T-C12-AH and T-C16-AH was at cationic lipid/dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) molar ratio of 1 : 0.5 and 1 : 2, respectively, and N/P charge molar ratio of 1 : 1 and 1 : 1, respectively. Under optimized conditions, T-C12-AH and T-C16-AH showed effective gene transfection capabilities, superior or comparable to that of commercially available transfecting reagent 3β-[N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethyl)carbamoyl]cholesterol (DC-Chol) and N-[2,3-dioleoyloxypropyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTAP). The results demonstrated that the two novel tartaric acid-based cationic lipids exhibited low toxicity and efficient transfection performance, offering an excellent prospect as nonviral vectors for gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University
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40
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Meng Y, Liu C, Zhao J, Li X, Li Z, Wang J, Wang R, Liu Y, Yuan X, Cui Z, Yang X. An injectable miRNA-activated matrix for effective bone regeneration in vivo. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:6942-6954. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01790h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of miRNAs that can promote osteogenic differentiation may be promising for bone regeneration.
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41
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Abstract
RNA interference or post-transcriptional gene silencing is one of the latest, innovative, highly specific, and efficient technologies for gene therapy application in molecular oncology. It is already a well-established research tool for analyses of molecular mechanisms for various diseases including cancer as it efficiently silences the expression of genes of interest. However, for its proper therapeutic use, an efficient tumor-specific in-vivo delivery mechanism is essential. Many scientific groups and companies are involved in the development of efficient in-vivo delivery mechanisms for small interfering RNA, but are still struggling. The present article suggests utilization of albumin as a delivery module for small interfering RNA as it is an endogenous natural nanoparticle known for its binding properties to various endogenous metabolites, drugs, and metal ions.
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42
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MicroRNA delivery for regenerative medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 88:108-22. [PMID: 26024978 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) directs post-transcriptional regulation of a network of genes by targeting mRNA. Although relatively recent in development, many miRNAs direct differentiation of various stem cells including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), a major player in regenerative medicine. An effective and safe delivery of miRNA holds the key to translating miRNA technologies. Both viral and nonviral delivery systems have seen success in miRNA delivery, and each approach possesses advantages and disadvantages. A number of studies have demonstrated success in augmenting osteogenesis, improving cardiogenesis, and reducing fibrosis among many other tissue engineering applications. A scaffold-based approach with the possibility of local and sustained delivery of miRNA is particularly attractive since the physical cues provided by the scaffold may synergize with the biochemical cues induced by miRNA therapy. Herein, we first briefly cover the application of miRNA to direct stem cell fate via replacement and inhibition therapies, followed by the discussion of the promising viral and nonviral delivery systems. Next we present the unique advantages of a scaffold-based delivery in achieving lineage-specific differentiation and tissue development.
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43
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Naidu S, Magee P, Garofalo M. MiRNA-based therapeutic intervention of cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:68. [PMID: 26062952 PMCID: PMC4465004 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0162-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important modulators of eukaryotic gene expression. By targeting protein coding transcripts, miRNAs influence the cellular transcriptome and proteome, thus helping to determine cell fate. MiRNAs have emerged as crucial molecules in cancer research, in which recent studies have linked erratic expression of miRNAs to carcinogenesis and have provided solid evidence for their potential in cancer therapy. This review briefly summarises the recent knowledge on the involvement of miRNAs in tumourigenesis and reviews current studies on the therapeutic strategies and advances in the delivery of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivatsava Naidu
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK.
| | - Peter Magee
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK.
| | - Michela Garofalo
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK.
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44
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Sen CK, Ghatak S. miRNA control of tissue repair and regeneration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:2629-40. [PMID: 26056933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissue repair and regeneration rely on the function of miRNA, molecular silencers that enact post-transcriptional gene silencing of coding genes. Disruption of miRNA homeostasis is developmentally lethal, indicating that fetal tissue development is tightly controlled by miRNAs. Multiple critical facets of adult tissue repair are subject to control by miRNAs, as well. Sources of cell pool for tissue repair and regeneration are diverse and provided by processes including cellular dedifferentiation, transdifferentiation, and reprogramming. Each of these processes is regulated by miRNAs. Furthermore, induced pluripotency may be achieved by miRNA-based strategies independent of transcription factor manipulation. The observation that miRNA does not integrate into the genome makes miRNA-based therapeutic strategies translationally valuable. Tools to manipulate cellular and tissue miRNA levels include mimics and inhibitors that may be specifically targeted to cells of interest at the injury site. Here, we discuss the extraordinary importance of miRNAs in tissue repair and regeneration based on emergent reports and rapid advances in miRNA-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan K Sen
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell-Based Therapies and the Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Subhadip Ghatak
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell-Based Therapies and the Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
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45
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MENG DU, LIU RUI, PEI LI, HOU LEI, NING QIAN, YU QING, FENG LU, ZHAO XINHAN. Lentivirus vector-mediated gene transduction of CNGRC peptide in rat adipose stem cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:2555-61. [PMID: 25482186 PMCID: PMC4337508 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of lentiviral‑mediated Cys‑Asn‑Gly‑Arg‑Cys (CNGRC) peptide gene transduction in adipose stem cells. Adipose stem cells were prepared using enzymatic digestion and repeated adherence methods and identified in culture by immunofluorescence staining of surface markers. The pluripotency of the cultured adipose stem cells was confirmed by their induced differentiation into bone and fat cells. Following polymerase chain reaction amplification, the gene sequence for the CNGRC peptide was cloned into a lentiviral vector, which was then co‑transfected into 293T cells with packaging plasmids Helper 1.0 and Helper 2.0. The lentiviruses carrying the CNGRC peptide gene were then harvested and used to transfect adipose stem cells. Following transduction, expression of CNGRC in adipose stem cells was detected using western blot analysis. Adipose stem cells in culture were successfully induced to differentiate into adipocytes and osteoblasts and the lentiviral vector containing CNGRC‑3Flag‑EGFP was successfully constructed. Following transduction, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated expression of the CNGRC protein in adipose stem cells. This suggested that adipose stem cell lines expressing the CNGRC peptide were successfully established.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - XINHAN ZHAO
- Correspondence to: Professor Xinhan Zhao, Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China, E-mail:
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46
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Herrera-Carrillo E, Berkhout B. Gene therapy strategies to block HIV-1 replication by RNA interference. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 848:71-95. [PMID: 25757616 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2432-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cellular mechanism of RNA interference (RNAi) plays an antiviral role in many organisms and can be used for the development of therapeutic strategies against viral pathogens. Persistent infections like the one caused by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) likely require a durable gene therapy approach. The continuous expression of the inhibitory RNA molecules in T cells is needed to effectively block HIV-1 replication. We discuss here several issues, ranging from the choice of RNAi inhibitor and vector system, finding the best target in the HIV-1 RNA genome, alternatively by targeting host mRNAs that encode important viral cofactors, to the setup of appropriate preclinical test systems. Finally, we briefly discuss the relevance of this topic for other viral pathogens that cause a chronic infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Herrera-Carrillo
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, K3-110 Meibergdreef 15, Amsterdam, 1105 AS, The Netherlands
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47
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Omega-1 knockdown in Schistosoma mansoni eggs by lentivirus transduction reduces granuloma size in vivo. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5375. [PMID: 25400038 PMCID: PMC4243216 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, one of the most important neglected tropical diseases worldwide, is caused by flatworms (blood flukes or schistosomes) that live in the bloodstream of humans. The hepatointestinal form of this debilitating disease results from a chronic infection with Schistosoma mansoni or Schistosoma japonicum. No vaccine is available to prevent schistosomiasis, and treatment relies predominantly on the use of a single drug, praziquantel. In spite of considerable research effort over the years, very little is known about the complex in vivo events that lead to granuloma formation and other pathological changes during infection. Here we use, for the first time, a lentivirus-based transduction system to deliver microRNA-adapted short hairpin RNAs (shRNAmirs) into the parasite to silence and explore selected protein-encoding genes of S. mansoni implicated in the disease process. This gene-silencing system has potential to be used for functional genomic–phenomic studies of a range of socioeconomically important pathogens. Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease, is caused by flatworms such as Schistosoma mansoni. Here, Hagen et al. describe a lentivirus-based transduction system to deliver microRNA-adapted small hairpin RNAs into S. mansoni to inhibit transcription of selected genes implicated in the disease process.
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48
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Kumar ASM, Reddy GECV, Rajmane Y, Nair S, Pai Kamath S, Sreejesh G, Basha K, Chile S, Ray K, Nelly V, Khadpe N, Kasturi R, Ramana V. siRNAs encapsulated in recombinant capsid protein derived from Dengue serotype 2 virus inhibits the four serotypes of the virus and proliferation of cancer cells. J Biotechnol 2014; 193:23-33. [PMID: 25444872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
siRNA delivery potential of the Dengue virus capsid protein in cultured cells was recently reported, but target knockdown potential in the context of specific diseases has not been explored. In this study we have evaluated the utility of the protein as an siRNA carrier for anti Dengue viral and anti cancer applications using cell culture systems. We show that target specific siRNAs delivered using the capsid protein inhibit infection by the four serotypes of Dengue virus and proliferation of two cancer cell lines. Our data confirm the potential of the capsid for anti Dengue viral and anti cancer RNAi applications. In addition, we have optimized a fermentation strategy to improve the yield of Escherichia coli expressed D2C protein since the reported yields of E. coli expressed flaviviral capsid proteins are low.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Manoj Kumar
- Therapeutic Proteins Molecular Biology Group, Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400 701, Maharashtra, India.
| | - G E C Vidyadhar Reddy
- Therapeutic Proteins Molecular Biology Group, Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400 701, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yogesh Rajmane
- Therapeutic Proteins Molecular Biology Group, Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400 701, Maharashtra, India
| | - Soumya Nair
- Therapeutic Proteins Molecular Biology Group, Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400 701, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sangita Pai Kamath
- Therapeutic Proteins Molecular Biology Group, Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400 701, Maharashtra, India
| | - Greeshma Sreejesh
- Therapeutic Proteins Molecular Biology Group, Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400 701, Maharashtra, India
| | - Khalander Basha
- Therapeutic Proteins Molecular Biology Group, Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400 701, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shailaja Chile
- Therapeutic Proteins Molecular Biology Group, Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400 701, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kriti Ray
- Therapeutic Proteins Molecular Biology Group, Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400 701, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vivant Nelly
- Therapeutic Proteins Process Development Group, Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400 701, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilesh Khadpe
- Therapeutic Proteins Process Development Group, Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400 701, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ravishankar Kasturi
- Therapeutic Proteins Process Development Group, Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400 701, Maharashtra, India
| | - Venkata Ramana
- Therapeutic Proteins Molecular Biology Group, Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400 701, Maharashtra, India
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Li MM, Wang WP, Wu WJ, Huang M, Yu AM. Rapid production of novel pre-microRNA agent hsa-mir-27b in Escherichia coli using recombinant RNA technology for functional studies in mammalian cells. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:1791-5. [PMID: 25161167 PMCID: PMC4201134 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.060145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) have been revealed as critical epigenetic factors in the regulation of various cellular processes, including drug metabolism and disposition. However, research on miRNA functions is limited to the use of synthetic RNA and recombinant DNA agents. Herein, we show that novel pre-miRNA-27b (miR-27b) agents can be biosynthesized in Escherichia coli using recombinant RNA technology, and recombinant transfer RNA (tRNA)/mir-27b chimera was readily purified to a high degree of homogeneity (>95%) using anion-exchange fast protein liquid chromatography. The tRNA-fusion miR-27b was revealed to be processed to mature miRNA miR-27b in human carcinoma LS-180 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, recombinant tRNA/miR-27b agents were biologically active in reducing the mRNA and protein expression levels of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), which consequently led to lower midazolam 1'-hydroxylase activity. These findings demonstrate that pre-miRNA agents can be produced by recombinant RNA technology for functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Mei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California (M.-M.L., W.-P.W., W.-J.W., A.-M.Y.); Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (M.-M.L., M.H.); and Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (W.-P.W.)
| | - Wei-Peng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California (M.-M.L., W.-P.W., W.-J.W., A.-M.Y.); Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (M.-M.L., M.H.); and Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (W.-P.W.)
| | - Wen-Juan Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California (M.-M.L., W.-P.W., W.-J.W., A.-M.Y.); Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (M.-M.L., M.H.); and Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (W.-P.W.)
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California (M.-M.L., W.-P.W., W.-J.W., A.-M.Y.); Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (M.-M.L., M.H.); and Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (W.-P.W.)
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California (M.-M.L., W.-P.W., W.-J.W., A.-M.Y.); Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (M.-M.L., M.H.); and Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (W.-P.W.)
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50
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Frith JE, Porrello ER, Cooper-White JJ. Concise review: new frontiers in microRNA-based tissue regeneration. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:969-76. [PMID: 24873861 PMCID: PMC4116250 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the role of miRNAs in post-transcriptional gene regulation has come to the fore with strong evidence to indicate an important role for microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of a wide range of fundamental biological processes. Notably, this includes the regulation of both endogenous tissue repair mechanisms and the growth and differentiation of stem cells (both adult and pluripotent). As a result, manipulation of miRNA signaling holds great promise for regenerative medicine, which aims to harness either endogenous or implanted cells to promote tissue repair. However, to fully realize this potential, it will be necessary to combine advances in our biological understanding with new technologies that allow precise spatiotemporal modulation of specific miRNA candidates. In this review, we highlight the role of miRNAs in tissue regeneration, discuss key challenges in translating this knowledge to the clinic, and outline recent technological advances that aim to address these issues. By combining a comprehensive knowledge of miRNA biology with cutting-edge delivery technologies, it is clear that miRNAs hold significant promise for tissue regenerative therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Frith
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Materials Science and Engineering Division, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Enzo R Porrello
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Materials Science and Engineering Division, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Justin J Cooper-White
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Materials Science and Engineering Division, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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