1
|
Zhang D, Zhou Q, Yang X, Zhang Z, Wang D, Hu D, Huang Y, Sheng J, Wang X. Gallic Acid Can Promote Low-Density Lipoprotein Uptake in HepG2 Cells via Increasing Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Accumulation. Molecules 2024; 29:1999. [PMID: 38731489 PMCID: PMC11085419 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA) is a type of polyphenolic compound that can be found in a range of fruits, vegetables, and tea. Although it has been confirmed it improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), it is still unknown whether GA can improve the occurrence of NAFLD by increasing the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) accumulation and alleviating cholesterol metabolism disorders. Therefore, the present study explored the effect of GA on LDLR and its mechanism of action. The findings indicated that the increase in LDLR accumulation in HepG2 cells induced by GA was associated with the stimulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor-extracellular regulated protein kinase (EGFR-ERK1/2) signaling pathway. When the pathway was inhibited by EGFR mab cetuximab, it was observed that the activation of the EGFR-ERK1/2 signaling pathway induced by GA was also blocked. At the same time, the accumulation of LDLR protein and the uptake of LDL were also suppressed. Additionally, GA can also promote the accumulation of forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) and suppress the accumulation of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α (HNF1α), leading to the inhibition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) mRNA expression and protein accumulation. This ultimately results in increased LDLR protein accumulation and enhanced uptake of LDL in cells. In summary, the present study revealed the potential mechanism of GA's role in ameliorating NAFLD, with a view of providing a theoretical basis for the dietary supplementation of GA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Zhang
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (D.Z.); (D.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.); (D.W.)
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.); (D.W.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Xiangxuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.); (D.W.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.); (D.W.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Dongxue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.); (D.W.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Dandan Hu
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (D.Z.); (D.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.); (D.W.)
| | - Yewei Huang
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (D.Z.); (D.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.Z.); (X.Y.); (Z.Z.); (D.W.)
| | - Jun Sheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Xuanjun Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Resource, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang YW, Wang LT, Zhang M, Nie Y, Yang JB, Meng WL, Wang XJ, Sheng J. Caffeine can alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by augmenting LDLR expression via targeting EGFR. Food Funct 2023; 14:3269-3278. [PMID: 36916513 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02701a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) protein levels represents a key strategy for the prevention and treatment. Berberine can reportedly alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by increasing the LDLR expression in an ERK1/2 signaling-dependent manner of NAFLD. Studies have shown that caffeine can inhibit fat deposition in the livers of mice; however, caffeine has not been reported to alleviate NAFLD by augmenting the LDLR expression via targeting EGFR. Here, an MTT assay, western blotting, RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis were used to investigate the role of caffeine in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) clearance both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, we found that caffeine could activate the EGFR-ERK1/2 signaling pathway in HepG2 cells, leading to increased LDLR mRNA and protein expression, and this effect could be inhibited by cetuximab. The SPR assay results have indicated that caffeine may increase the LDLR expression by directly binding to the EGFR extracellular domain and activating the EGFR-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. In vivo, caffeine markedly improved fatty liver and related blood indices in ApoE KO mice with high-fat-diet-induced NAFLD. Consistent with our in vitro results, we found that caffeine could also activate EGFR-ERK1/2 signaling and promote the LDLR expression in ApoE KO mice. In summary, caffeine can enhance the LDLR expression by directly binding to EGFR and activating the EGFR-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. EGFR signaling may represent a novel target for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China. .,College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Li-Tian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China. .,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China. .,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China. .,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jin-Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China. .,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Wen-Luer Meng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China. .,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xuan-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China. .,College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, 650201, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor expression in triple negative breast cancer by EGFR-MAPK signaling. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17927. [PMID: 34504181 PMCID: PMC8429745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) has been shown to play a critical role in hypercholesterolemia-associated breast cancer growth and is associated with shorter recurrence-free survival in human breast cancer studies. We sought to identify how circulating LDL cholesterol and tumor LDLR might accelerate oncogenic processes by determining whether increased LDLR expression and cholesterol uptake are associated with the activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. EGF stimulation of MDA-MB-468 (MDA468) cells activated p44/42MAPK (MAPK), increased expression of LDLR, and fluorescent LDL cholesterol uptake. However, stimulation of MDA-MB-231 (MDA231) cells with EGF did not lead to increased expression of LDLR despite inducing phosphorylation of EGFR. Inhibition of MAPK using UO126 in MDA231 cells reduced LDLR expression, and in MDA468 cells, UO126 impaired the LDLR increase in response to EGF. MDA468 cells exposed to the transcription inhibitor, Actinomycin, prior to treatment with EGF showed reduced degradation of LDLR mRNA compared to vehicle-treated cells. Our results suggest that the EGF-associated increase in LDLR protein expression is cell line-specific. The common pathway regulating LDLR expression was MAPK in both TNBC cell lines.
Collapse
|
4
|
Triciribine increases LDLR expression and LDL uptake through stabilization of LDLR mRNA. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16174. [PMID: 30385871 PMCID: PMC6212527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is a key regulator of the metabolism of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), the elevated levels of which are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, enhancing LDLR expression represents a potent treatment strategy for hypercholesterolemia. Here, we report that in cultured human hepatoma cells, triciribine, a highly selective AKT inhibitor, increases the stability of LDLR mRNA, an event that translates into upregulation of cell-surface LDLR levels and induction of cellular LDL uptake. This effect of triciribine requires ERK activity and is partially dependent on the intervening sequence between the AU-rich elements ARE3 and ARE4 in LDLR 3′UTR. We also show that triciribine downregulates the expression of PCSK9 mRNA and blunts the secretion of its protein. Notably, triciribine was found to potentiate the effect of mevastatin on LDLR protein levels and activity. We also show that primary human hepatocytes respond to triciribine by increasing the expression of LDLR. Furthermore, a pilot experiment with mice revealed that a two-weeks treatment with triciribine significantly induced the hepatic expression of LDLR protein. These results identify triciribine as a novel LDLR-elevating agent and warrant further examination of its potential as a hypocholesterolemic drug either as monotherapy or in combination with statins.
Collapse
|