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Guo X, An H, Guo R, Dai Z, Ying S, Wu W. The role of miR-10a-5p in LPS-induced inhibition of progesterone synthesis in goose granulosa cells by down-regulating CYP11A1. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1398728. [PMID: 38872803 PMCID: PMC11171131 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1398728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The poultry ovary is a preferred target for E. coli and Salmonella infection of tissues, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a critical molecule in infecting the organism and interfering with cell function, invading the ovaries through the cloaca and interfering with progesterone (P4) secretion by follicular granulosa cells (GCs), seriously affecting the health of breeding geese. miRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs with a variety of important regulatory roles. To investigate the mechanism of miR-10a-5p mediated LPS inhibition of progesterone synthesis in goose granulosa cells, Yangzhou geese at peak laying period were selected as experimental animals to verify the expression levels of genes and transcription factors related to progesterone synthesis. In this study, bioinformatic predictions identified miR-10a-5p target gene CYP11A1, and genes and transcription factors related to the sex steroid hormone secretion pathway were screened. We detected that LPS inhibited CYP11A1 expression while increasing miR-10a-5p expression in vivo. Progesterone decreased significantly in goose granulosa cells treatment with 1 μg/mL LPS for 24 h, while progesterone-related genes and regulatory factors were also suppressed. We also determined that the downregulation of miR-10a-5p led to CYP11A1 expression. Overexpression of miR-10a-5p suppressed LPS-induced CYP11A1 expression, resulting in decreased progesterone secretion. Our findings indicated that miR-10a-5p was up-regulated by LPS and inhibited progesterone synthesis by down-regulating CYP11A1. This study provides insight into the molecular mechanisms regulating geese reproduction and ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Guo
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Hao An
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Rihong Guo
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zichun Dai
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Shijia Ying
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenda Wu
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
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Fabová Z, Loncová B, Harrath AH, Sirotkin AV. Involvement of circular RNAs in the control of porcine ovarian cell functions: Upregulation by ciR-00596 and downregulation by ciR-00646. Reprod Biol 2024; 24:100860. [PMID: 38762967 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2024.100860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The current understanding of the role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in regulating ovarian functions is inadequate. To assess the impact of ciR-00596 and ciR-00646 on the regulation of basic porcine ovarian granulosa cell functions, we conducted upregulation (utilizing overexpressing vectors) and downregulation (utilizing shRNA vectors) of these circRNAs. The relative expression of both circRNAs, cell viability and proliferation (accumulation of PCNA, cyclin B1, and XTT-positive cells), cytoplasmic (accumulation of bax and caspase-3) and nuclear (DNA fragmentation) apoptosis, and the release of progesterone, testosterone, estradiol, IGF-I, and oxytocin were evaluated. Transfection of cells with the ciR-00596 overexpression vector resulted in increases in cell viability and proliferation and the release of progesterone and IGF-I, while it decreased the cytoplasmic and nuclear apoptosis, testosterone, estradiol, and oxytocin output. CiR-00596 inhibition had the opposite effects. The overexpression of ciR-00646 decreased cell viability and proliferation, and the release of progesterone, IGF-I, and oxytocin, while increasing cytoplasmic and nuclear apoptosis and the output of testosterone and estradiol. Our findings are the first to show the stimulatory action of ciR-00596 and the inhibitory effect of ciR-00646 on ovarian cell functions, including the cell cycle, apoptosis, and secretory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Fabová
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Barbora Loncová
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexander V Sirotkin
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
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3
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Wei Q, Li J, Li X, Xiang J, Zhang Y, Yin H, Cui C. CircRAB11A act as miR-24-5p sponge promotes proliferation and resists apoptosis of chicken granulosa cell via EGFR/ERK1/2 and RAB11A/ PI3K/AKT pathways. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103841. [PMID: 38806000 PMCID: PMC11154702 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs that have been implicated in mediating granulosa cell (GC) proliferation and apoptosis. CircRAB11A was found to have a significantly higher expression in normal follicles compared to atrophic follicles. In this study, we determined that the knockdown of circRAB11A resulted in the inhibition of proliferation and promotion of apoptosis in GCs of chicken. Moreover, circRAB11A was found to act as a sponge for miR-24-5p, both member RAS oncogene family (RAB11A) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were revealed to be targets of miR-24-5p through a dual-luciferase reporter assay. RAB11A or EGFR promoted proliferation and suppressed apoptosis in GCs through the phosphatidylinositol-kinase (PI3K)/AKT or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 pathway. These findings suggest that circRAB11A may function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by targeting the miR-24-5p/RAB11A and miR-24-5p/EGFR axes and activating the ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT pathways, offering a potential avenue for exploring the mechanism of follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Juan Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jialin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Huadong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Can Cui
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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Wei Y, Shen X, Zhao X, He H, Zhang Y, Zhu Q, Yin H. Circular RNA circRPS19 promotes chicken granulosa cell proliferation and steroid hormone synthesis by interrupting the miR-218-5p/INHBB axis. Theriogenology 2024; 219:103-115. [PMID: 38422566 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian follicle development is an important physiological activity for females and makes great significance in maintaining female health and reproduction performance. The development of ovarian follicle is mainly affected by the granulosa cells (GCs), whose growth is regulated by a variety of factors. Here, we identified a novel circular RNA (circRNA) derived from the Ribosomal protein S19 (RPS19) gene, named circRPS19, which is differentially expressed during chicken ovarian follicle development. Further explorations identified that circRPS19 promotes GCs proliferation and steroid hormone synthesis. Furthermore, circRPS19 was found to target and regulate miR-218-5p through a competitive manner with endogenous RNA (ceRNA). Functionals investigation revealed that miR-218-5p attenuates GCs proliferation and steroidogenesis, which is opposite to that of circRPS19. In addition, we also confirmed that circRPS19 upregulates the expression of Inhibin beta B subunit (INHBB) by binding with miR-218-5p to facilitate GCs proliferation and steroidogenesis. Overall, this study revealed that circRPS19 regulates GCs development by releasing the repression of miR-218-5p on INHBB, which suggests a novel mechanism in respect to circRNA and miRNA regulation in ovarian follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoxu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Haorong He
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Huadong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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He H, Wei Y, Chen Y, Zhao X, Shen X, Zhu Q, Yin H. High expression circRALGPS2 in atretic follicle induces chicken granulosa cell apoptosis and autophagy via encoding a new protein. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:42. [PMID: 38468340 PMCID: PMC10926623 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01003-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reproductive performance of chickens mainly depends on the development of follicles. Abnormal follicle development can lead to decreased reproductive performance and even ovarian disease among chickens. Chicken is the only non-human animal with a high incidence of spontaneous ovarian cancer. In recent years, the involvement of circRNAs in follicle development and atresia regulation has been confirmed. RESULTS In the present study, we used healthy and atretic chicken follicles for circRNA RNC-seq. The results showed differential expression of circRALGPS2. It was then confirmed that circRALGPS2 can translate into a protein, named circRALGPS2-212aa, which has IRES activity. Next, we found that circRALGPS2-212aa promotes apoptosis and autophagy in chicken granulosa cells by forming a complex with PARP1 and HMGB1. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that circRALGPS2 can regulate chicken granulosa cell apoptosis and autophagy through the circRALGPS2-212aa/PARP1/HMGB1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haorong He
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yuanhang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yuqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xiyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Huadong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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6
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Liu J, Ning C, Zhang J, Xu S, Wu J, Tao C, Ma F, Chen Q, Pan Z. Comparative miRNA expression profile analysis of porcine ovarian follicles: new insights into the initiation mechanism of follicular atresia. Front Genet 2023; 14:1338411. [PMID: 38174044 PMCID: PMC10761487 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1338411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Follicular atresia occurs in every stage of ovarian development, which is relevant to female fertility. In the past decade, increasing studies have confirmed that miRNAs, a class of short non-coding RNAs, play an important role in follicular atresia by post-transcription regulation of their target genes. However, the function of miRNAs on follicular atresia initiation is unknown. In the present study, high-throughput small RNA sequencing was performed to analyze differential miRNA expression profiles between healthy (HF) follicles and early atretic (EAF) follicles. A total of 237 conserved miRNA were detected, and the miR-143 is the highest expressed in follicles. Meanwhile, we also found wide sequence variations (isomiRs) in porcine ovarian miRNA, including in 5'un-translation region, core seed sequences and 3'untranslation region. Furthermore, we identified 22 differentially expressed miRNAs in EAF groups compared to HF group, of which 3 miRNAs were upregulated, as well as 19 miRNAs were downregulated, and then the RT-PCR was performed to validate these profiles. The target genes of these differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted by using miRwalk, miRDB, and Targetscan database, respectively. Moreover, the gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment established that the regulating functions and signaling pathways of these miRNAs contribute to follicular atresia initiation and cell fate. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the changes of miRNAs in early atretic follicles to demonstrate their molecular regulation in ovarian follicular atretic initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingge Liu
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Caibo Ning
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinbi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyong Xu
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiege Wu
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenyu Tao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Fanhua Ma
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengxiang Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
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7
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Gao L, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Madaniyati M, Shi S, Huang L, Song X, Pang W, Chu G, Yang G. miR-10a-5p inhibits steroid hormone synthesis in porcine granulosa cells by targeting CREB1 and inhibiting cholesterol metabolism. Theriogenology 2023; 212:19-29. [PMID: 37683501 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
During growth, proliferation, differentiation, atresia, ovulation, and luteinization, the morphology and function of granulosa cells (GCs) change. Estrogen and progesterone are steroid hormones secreted by GCs that regulate the ovulation cycle of sows and help maintain pregnancy. miR-10a-5p is highly expressed in GCs and can inhibit GC proliferation. However, the role of miR-10a-5p in the steroid hormone synthesis of porcine GCs is unclear. In this study, miR-10a-5p agomir or antagomir was transfected into GCs. Overexpression of miR-10a-5p in GCs inhibited steroid hormone secretion and significantly downregulated steroid hormone synthesis via 3β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase and cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1. Interference with miR-10a-5p had the opposite effect. Bodipy and Oil Red O staining showed that overexpression of miR-10a-5p significantly reduced the formation of lipid droplets. Overexpression significantly inhibited the content of total cholesterol esters in GCs. The mRNA and protein levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and scavenger receptor class B member 1 decreased significantly, and the opposite effects were seen by interference with miR-10a-5p. Bioinformatic analysis of potential targets identified cAMP-responsive element binding protein 1 as a potential target and dual-luciferase reporter system analysis confirmed that miR-10a-5p directly targets the 3' untranslated region. These findings suggest that miR-10a-5p inhibits the expression of 3β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase and cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1 to inhibit the synthesis of steroid hormones in GCs. In addition, miR-10a-5p inhibits the cholesterol metabolism pathway of GCs to modulate steroid hormone synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Lutong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yuli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Mielie Madaniyati
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shengjie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiangrong Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Weijun Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Guiyan Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Gongshe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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8
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Yang F, Liu Y, Wang P, Wang X, Chu M, Wang P. Mutation of the ETS1 3'UTR interacts with miR-216a-3p to regulate granulosa cell apoptosis in sheep. Theriogenology 2023; 210:133-142. [PMID: 37499371 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
ETS1, an important member of the ETS transcription factor family, is involved in a variety of physiological processes in living organisms, such as cell development, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, and is thought to be associated with embryonic development and reproduction. However, the polymorphism of ETS1 has been rarely studied, and its potential impact on the formation of reproductive traits in sheep remains unclear. Here, we first analyzed polymorphisms of ETS1 in a population of 382 small-tailed Han sheep with a lambing number record using the Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) technique. The results showed the presence of a SNP locus rs161611767 (T > C) in the 3'UTR of ETS1. The association analysis showed the lambing number of first, second and third parity in the individuals with the CC genotype (2.51 ± 0.108, 2.51 ± 0.179, 1.27 ± 0.196) was higher than that of individuals with the TT genotype (1.79 ± 0.086, 1.56 ± 0.102, 0.56 ± 0.100) (P < 0.05). Then, molecular biotechnologies were used to investigate the effects of the EST1 rs161611767 mutant locus on host gene expression in sheep and the underlying mechanism of its effect on sheep reproduction. The RT‒qPCR results showed that the expression of ETS1 was higher in individuals with the CC genotype than in those with the TT genotype (P < 0.05). The dual luciferase reporter assay showed that the luciferase activity of ETS1 in sheep with the TT genotype was decreased compared to CC genotype (P < 0.05), confirming the existence of EST1 rs161611767 in the 3'UTR as a functional SNP. Given that the 3'UTR is an important regulatory region of gene transcription and translation, we performed bioinformatics prediction and confirmed that the SNP rs161611767 of ETS1 was a direct functional target of miR-216a-3p using dual luciferase activity assay, and the binding capacity of allele T was stronger than that of allele C. Subsequently, the cell transfection results showed that miR-216a-3p suppressed the endogenous expression of ETS1 in sheep primary granulosa cells (GCs). Finally, CCK-8, EdU, WB detection of marker proteins and flow cytometry were used to detect the effects of miR-216a-3p on GCs viability and proliferation/apoptosis, respectively. The results showed that miR-216a-3p inhibited the proliferation of GCs while promoting apoptosis of GCs. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that the SNP rs161611767 of ETS1 is associated with lambing number in small-tailed Han sheep, and miR-216a-3p can act as a regulatory element binding to the T mutation in rs161611767 to regulate ETS1 expression and affect GCs development, which may indirectly affect the number of lambs in sheep. These studies provide evidence for the involvement of ETS1 polymorphisms in sheep reproduction and are expected to provide new insights to elucidate the molecular genetic mechanisms of lambing traits in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingxing Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Pingqing Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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9
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Zhang H, Wang J, Xie F, Liu Y, Qiu M, Han Z, Ding Y, Zheng X, Yin Z, Zhang X. Identification of microRNAs implicated in modulating resveratrol-induced apoptosis in porcine granulosa cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1169745. [PMID: 37250898 PMCID: PMC10211428 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1169745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that play a crucial role in the complex and dynamic network that regulates the apoptosis of porcine ovarian granulosa cells (POGCs). Resveratrol (RSV) is a nonflavonoid polyphenol compound that is involved in follicular development and ovulation. In previous study, we established a model of RSV treatment of POGCs, confirming the regulatory effect of RSV in POGCs. To investigate the miRNA-level effects of RSV on POGCs to reveal differentially expressed miRNAs, a control group (n = 3, 0 μM RSV group), a low RSV group (n = 3, 50 μM RSV group), and a high RSV group (n = 3, 100 μM RSV group) were created for small RNA-seq. In total, 113 differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) were identified, and a RT-qPCR analysis showed a correlation with the sequencing data. Functional annotation analysis revealed that DE-miRNAs in the LOW vs. CON group may be involved in cell development, proliferation, and apoptosis. In the HIGH vs. CON group, RSV functions were associated with metabolic processes and responses to stimuli, while the pathways were related to PI3K24, Akt, Wnt, and apoptosis. In addition, we constructed miRNA-mRNA networks related to Apoptosis and Metabolism. Then, ssc-miR-34a and ssc-miR-143-5p were selected as key miRNAs. In conclusion, this study provided an improved understanding of effects of RSV on POGCs apoptosis through the miRNA modulations. The results suggest that RSV may promote POGCs apoptosis by stimulating the miRNA expressions and provided a better understanding of the role of miRNAs combined with RSV in ovarian granulosa cell development in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Hefei, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Hefei, China
| | - Fan Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Hefei, China
| | - Yangguang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Hefei, China
| | - Mengyao Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Hefei, China
| | - Zheng Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Hefei, China
| | - Yueyun Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Hefei, China
| | - Xianrui Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Hefei, China
| | - Zongjun Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Hefei, China
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10
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Zeng L, Zhou C, Xu W, Huang Y, Wang W, Ma Z, Huang J, Li J, Hu L, Xue Y, Luo T, Zheng L. The ovarian-related effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on human ovarian granulosa cells and female mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 257:114941. [PMID: 37087970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) have recently emerged in the context of global plastic pollution. They may be more toxic than macroplastics litter and microplastic fragments due to its abundances, tiny sizes, and cellular accessibility. The female reproductive toxicity of NPs has been widely documented for aquatic animals, but their effects and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood in mammals. This study aimed to explore the effects of NPs on female reproduction using human ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) and female mice. The accumulation of polystyrene NPs (PS-NPs) in human granulosa-like tumor cells (KGN cells) and the ovaries of female Balb/c mice were evaluated by exposure to fluorescent PS-NPs. Proliferation and apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Hippo signaling pathway-related factors were analyzed in KGN cells. In addition, fertility rate, litter size, ovarian weight and microstructure, follicle development, serum level of anti-Mullerian hormone, and apoptosis in ovaries were examined in female mice. Here, the PS-NPs can penetrate the KGN cells and accumulate in the ovaries. In vitro, 100 μg/ml PS-NPs inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, accumulated ROS, activated three key regulators of the Hippo signaling pathway (MST1, LATS1, and YAP1), and downregulated the mRNA levels of CTGF and Cyr61 in KGN cells. Furthermore, salidroside, an antioxidative compound extracted from Rhodiola rosea, alleviated the damage of PS-NPs to KGN and inhibited the activation of the Hippo signal pathway. In vivo, exposure to 1 mg/day PS-NPs resulted in decreased fertility, abnormal ovarian function, and increased ovarian apoptosis in female mice. Overall, our data suggest that PS-NPs cause granulosa cell apoptosis and affect ovarian functions, leading to reduced fertility in female mice, by inducing oxidative stress and dysregulating the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjie Zeng
- School of Public Health and Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Chong Zhou
- School of Public Health and Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Wenqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Basic Medical College and Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Yupei Huang
- School of Public Health and Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Wencan Wang
- School of Public Health and Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Zhangqiang Ma
- School of Public Health and Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Public Health and Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Liaoliao Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Yue Xue
- School of Public Health and Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Basic Medical College and Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China.
| | - Liping Zheng
- School of Public Health and Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
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11
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Fu Y, Zhang JB, Han DX, Wang HQ, Liu JB, Xiao Y, Jiang H, Gao Y, Yuan B. CiRS-187 regulates BMPR2 expression by targeting miR-187 in bovine cumulus cells treated with BMP15 and GDF9. Theriogenology 2023; 197:62-70. [PMID: 36470111 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play vital roles in regulating biological processes. However, the contributions of circRNAs to BMPR2 regulation during follicle development remain unknown. In this study, we first verified the optimal conditions for BMP15 and GDF9 treatment in bovine cumulus cells. Then, we screened and identified candidate microRNAs (miRNAs) that may target the BMPR2 3'UTR with TargetScan, a luciferase reporter assay and RT-qPCR. Next, we transfected miR-187 into bovine cumulus cells, and the results showed that miR-187 regulated BMPR2 and inhibited its expression. To explore the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism, we predicted the sponging circRNAs of miR-187 and identified ciRS-187. We further detected miR-187 and BMPR2 expression and apoptosis levels upon knockdown of ciRS-187 and found that ciRS-187 upregulated BMPR2 expression. The results provide a theoretical basis for a ceRNA mechanism of circRNAs related to follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jia-Bao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Dong-Xu Han
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hao-Qi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jian-Bo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Bao Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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12
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Zhang J, Wang C, Jia C, Zhang Y, Qing X, Zhang Y, Liu J, Xu S, Pan Z. The Role of Circular RNAs in the Physiology and Pathology of the Mammalian Ovary. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315204. [PMID: 36499522 PMCID: PMC9737273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are an abundant class of endogenous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) generated from exonic, intronic, or untranslated regions of protein-coding genes or intergenic regions. The diverse, stable, and specific expression patterns of circRNAs and their possible functions through cis/trans regulation and protein-coding mechanisms make circRNA a research hotspot in various biological and pathological processes. It also shows practical value as biomarkers, diagnostic indicators, and therapeutic targets. This review summarized the characteristics, classification, biogenesis and elimination, detection and confirmation, and functions of circRNAs. We focused on research advances circRNAs in the mammalian ovary under conditions including ovarian cancer, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and maternal aging, as well as during reproductive status, including ovarian follicle development and atresia. The roles of circRNAs in high reproductive traits in domestic animals were also summarized. Finally, we outlined some obstructive factors and prospects to work with circRNA, aiming to provide insights into the functional research interests of circRNAs in the reproduction and gynecology areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211169, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chao Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinxin Qing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuge Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jingge Liu
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211169, China
| | - Shiyong Xu
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211169, China
| | - Zengxiang Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13813991421
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13
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Na R, Zeng Y, Han Y, Liu C, Yang B, He Y. Identification of differentially expressed microRNAs in ovulatory and subordinate follicles in Dazu black goats. Anim Biotechnol 2022; 33:1753-1759. [PMID: 33724168 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1895185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
How multiple ovulations happen in prolific goats is still unknown even though studies on ovarian physiology and folliculogenesis have made extensive progress. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous regulatory factors and regulate structural gene expression mainly at the post-transcriptional level. In this study, in the follicular phase, six large follicles were collected from prolific Dazu black goat and used to generate RNA libraries for RNA sequencing. Based on the litter size and average number of ovulatory follicles in Dazu black goats, the largest three follicles were sorted as ovulatory follicles, and the remaining as subordinate ones. In total, 418 known miRNAs and 110 novel miRNAs were found, and the expression of six randomly selected miRNAs was validated by quantitative PCR analysis. Nine miRNAs were differently expressed between the ovulatory and subordinate follicles (p < 0.01). Chi-miR-582-5p, novel-130, chi-miR-214-3p, and chi-miR-500-5p were upregulated in the ovulatory group, and chi-miR-383, chi-miR-130b-5p, chi-miR-92a-3p, chi-miR-125b-5p, and novel-9 were downregulated in the same group. Chi-miR-130b-5p and chi-miR-214-3p were predicted to target at LHR (XM_013967581.1), GDF9 (NM_001285708.1), BMP15 (NM_001285588.1), and CYP19A1 (XM_013967046.1). In conclusion, nine miRNAs were differently expressed between ovulatory and subordinate follicles, and chi-miR-130b-5p and chi-miR-214-3p were predicted to regulate the expression of genes involved in gonadotropin hormone signaling and oocyte-derived growth factors. Additional studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risu Na
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanguo Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengli Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Baigao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongmeng He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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14
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Huang L, Huang L, Ming X, Wu J, Liu W, Xiao Y. CircNFIX knockdown inhibited AML tumorigenicity by the miR-876-3p/TRIM31 axis. HEMATOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 27:1046-1055. [PMID: 36094501 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2022.2115699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most common malignant myeloid diseases in adults with a dismal prognosis. We aimed to explore the effects of circNFIX on the proliferation and apoptosis of AML cells. METHODS The expressions of circNFIX, miR-876-3p and tripartite motif (TRIM) 31 in the bone marrow specimens of AML patients and AML cell lines were detected by qRT-PCR or western blot. Cell proliferation was evaluated by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 5-ethynyl-29-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to detect protein expression. The relationship between miR-876-3p and circNFIX or TRIM31 was identified by dual-luciferase reporter assay or RNA pull-down assay. RESULTS The expression level of circNFIX was significantly increased in the bone marrow samples of AML patients and AML cells when compared with normal controls. CircNFIX silencing inhibited AML cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Inhibition of miR-876-3p reversed the effect of circNFIX knockdown on AML cell progression. In addition, circNFIX indirectly regulated TRIM31 through miR-876-3p. Further, TRIM31 overexpression counteracted the effect of circNFIX silencing on AML cell proliferation and apoptosis. CONCLUSION CircNFIX knockdown could suppress the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of AML cells by targeting the miR-876-3p/TRIM31 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Huang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Ming
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanying Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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15
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Dai T, Kang X, Yang C, Mei S, Wei S, Guo X, Ma Z, Shi Y, Chu Y, Dan X. Integrative Analysis of miRNA-mRNA in Ovarian Granulosa Cells Treated with Kisspeptin in Tan Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2989. [PMID: 36359113 PMCID: PMC9656243 DOI: 10.3390/ani12212989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin is a peptide hormone encoded by the kiss-1 gene that regulates animal reproduction. Our studies revealed that kisspeptin can regulate steroid hormone production and promote cell proliferation in ovarian granulosa cells of Tan sheep, but the mechanism has not yet been fully understood. We speculated that kisspeptin might promote steroid hormone production and cell proliferation by mediating the expression of specific miRNA and mRNA in granulosa cells. Accordingly, after granulosa cells were treated with kisspeptin, the RNA of cells was extracted to construct a cDNA library, and miRNA-mRNA sequencing was performed. Results showed that 1303 expressed genes and 605 expressed miRNAs were identified. Furthermore, eight differentially expressed miRNAs were found, and their target genes were significantly enriched in progesterone synthesis/metabolism, hormone biosynthesis, ovulation cycle, and steroid metabolism regulation. Meanwhile, mRNA was significantly enriched in steroid biosynthesis, IL-17 signaling pathway, and GnRH signaling pathway. Integrative analysis of miRNA-mRNA revealed that the significantly different oar-let-7b targets eight genes, of which EGR1 (early growth response-1) might play a significant role in regulating the function of granulosa cells, and miR-10a regulates lipid metabolism and steroid hormone synthesis by targeting HNRNPD. Additionally, PPI analysis revealed genes that are not miRNA targets but crucial to other biological processes in granulosa cells, implying that kisspeptin may also indirectly regulate granulosa cell function by these pathways. The findings of this work may help understand the molecular mechanism of kisspeptin regulating steroid hormone secretion, cell proliferation, and other physiological functions in ovarian granulosa cells of Tan sheep.
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16
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Li D, Li X, He H, Zhang Y, He H, Sun C, Zhang X, Wang X, Kan Z, Su Y, Han S, Xia L, Tan B, Ma M, Zhu Q, Yin H, Cui C. miR-10a-5p inhibits chicken granulosa cells proliferation and Progesterone(P4) synthesis by targeting MAPRE1 to suppress CDK2. Theriogenology 2022; 192:97-108. [PMID: 36084389 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation and steroid hormone synthesis of granulosa cells (GCs) are essential for ovarian follicle growth and ovulation, which are necessary to support the normal function of the follicle. Numerous studies suggest that miRNAs play key roles in this process. In this study, we report a novel role for miR-10a-5p that inhibits ovarian GCs proliferation and progesterone (P4) synthesis in chicken. Specifically, we found that miR-10a-5p significantly decreased the P4 secretion by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and western blot. Moreover, we observed that miR-10a-5p can inhibit the proliferation of chicken GCs through the investigation of cell proliferation gene expression, cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8), cell cycle progression, and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. Then we screened a target gene MAPRE1 of miR-10a-5p, which can promote P4 synthesis and proliferation of GCs. To explore how miR-10a-5p affects cell cycle by MAPRE1, we investigated the interaction between MAPRE1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) by Co-Immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), and then we found that MAPRE1 can form a complex with CDK2. In addition, miR-10a-5p was found to inhibit CDK2 expression by repressing the expression of MAPRE1. Overall, our results indicate that miR-10a-5p regulates the proliferation and P4 synthesis of chicken GCs by targeting MAPRE1 to suppress CDK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Haorong He
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Hua He
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Congjiao Sun
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xunzi Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Zhaoyi Kan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yang Su
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Shunshun Han
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Bo Tan
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengen Ma
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Huadong Yin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Can Cui
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
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17
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Wang M, Wang Y, Yao W, Du X, Li Q. Lnc2300 is a cis-acting long noncoding RNA of CYP11A1 in ovarian granulosa cells. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4238-4250. [PMID: 36074900 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The high level of progesterone and 17β-estradiol ratio (P4/E2) in follicular fluid has been considered as a biomarker of follicular atresia. CYP11A1, the crucial gene encoding the rate-limiting enzyme for steroid hormone synthesis, has been reported differently expressed in the ovary during follicular atresia. However, the regulation mechanism of CYP11A1 expression during follicular atresia still remains unclear. Here, we have demonstrated that lnc2300, a novel pig ovary-specific highly expressed cis-acting long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) transcribed from chromosome 7, has the ability to induce the expression of CYP11A1 and inhibit the apoptosis of porcine granulosa cells (GCs). Mechanistically, lnc2300, mainly located in the cytoplasm of porcine GCs, sponges and suppresses the expression of miR-365-3p through acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA), which further relieves the inhibitory effects of miR-365-3p on the expression of CYP11A1. Besides, CYP11A1 is validated as a direct functional target of miR-365-3p in porcine GCs. Functionally, lnc2300 is an antiapoptotic lncRNA that reduces porcine GC apoptosis by inhibiting the proapoptotic function of miR-365-3p. In summary, our findings reveal a cis-acting regulation mechanism of CYP11A1 through lncRNA, and define a novel signaling pathway, lnc2300/miR-365-3p/CYP11A1 axis, which is involved in the regulation of GC apoptosis and follicular atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wang
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Epigenome, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Epigenome, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wang Yao
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Epigenome, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Du
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Epigenome, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qifa Li
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Epigenome, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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He Z, Ma Z, Yang D, Chen Q, He Z, Hu J, Deng F, Zhang Q, He J, Ye L, Chen H, He L, Huang X, Luo W, Yang S, Gu X, Zhang M, Yan T. Circular RNA expression profiles and CircSnd1-miR-135b/c-foxl2 axis analysis in gonadal differentiation of protogynous hermaphroditic ricefield eel Monopterus albus. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:552. [PMID: 35922747 PMCID: PMC9347082 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression and biological functions of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in reproductive organs have been extensively reported. However, it is still unclear whether circRNAs are involved in sex change. To this end, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed in gonads at 5 sexual stages (ovary, early intersexual stage gonad, middle intersexual stage gonad, late intersexual stage gonad, and testis) of ricefield eel, and the expression profiles and potential functions of circRNAs were studied. RESULTS Seven hundred twenty-one circRNAs were identified, and the expression levels of 10 circRNAs were verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and found to be in accordance with the RNA-seq data, suggesting that the RNA-seq data were reliable. Then, the sequence length, category, sequence composition and the relationship between the parent genes of the circRNAs were explored. A total of 147 circRNAs were differentially expressed in the sex change process, and GO and KEGG analyses revealed that some differentially expressed (such as novel_circ_0000659, novel_circ_0004005 and novel_circ_0005865) circRNAs were closely involved in sex change. Furthermore, expression pattern analysis demonstrated that both circSnd1 and foxl2 were downregulated in the process of sex change, which was contrary to mal-miR-135b. Finally, dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation showed that circSnd1 and foxl2 can combine with mal-miR-135b and mal-miR-135c. These data revealed that circSnd1 regulates foxl2 expression in the sex change of ricefield eel by acting as a sponge of mal-miR-135b/c. CONCLUSION Our results are the first to demonstrate that circRNAs have potential effects on sex change in ricefield eel; and circSnd1 could regulate foxl2 expression in the sex change of ricefield eel by acting as a sponge of mal-miR-135b/c. These data will be useful for enhancing our understanding of sequential hermaphroditism and sex change in ricefield eel or other teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhijun Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Deying Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiqi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhide He
- Luzhou City Department of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxiang Hu
- Sichuan Water Conservancy Vocational College, Chengdu, 611231, Sichuan, China
| | - Faqiang Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijuan Ye
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongjun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingwang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Taiming Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Fu M, Peng D, Lan T, Wei Y, Wei X. Multifunctional regulatory protein connective tissue growth factor (CTGF): A potential therapeutic target for diverse diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1740-1760. [PMID: 35847511 PMCID: PMC9279711 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a multifunctional protein of the CCN family, regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and a variety of other biological processes. It is involved in the disease-related pathways such as the Hippo pathway, p53 and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathways and thus contributes to the developments of inflammation, fibrosis, cancer and other diseases as a downstream effector. Therefore, CTGF might be a potential therapeutic target for treating various diseases. In recent years, the research on the potential of CTGF in the treatment of diseases has also been paid more attention. Several drugs targeting CTGF (monoclonal antibodies FG3149 and FG3019) are being assessed by clinical or preclinical trials and have shown promising outcomes. In this review, the cellular events regulated by CTGF, and the relationships between CTGF and pathogenesis of diseases are systematically summarized. In addition, we highlight the current researches, focusing on the preclinical and clinical trials concerned with CTGF as the therapeutic target.
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miRNA expression analysis of the sheep follicle during the prerecruitment, dominant, and mature stages of development under FSH stimulation. Theriogenology 2022; 181:161-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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circSLC41A1 Resists Porcine Granulosa Cell Apoptosis and Follicular Atresia by Promoting SRSF1 through miR-9820-5p Sponging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031509. [PMID: 35163432 PMCID: PMC8836210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis is the major cause of follicular atresia. Regulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) was proved to be involved in regulatory mechanisms of GC apoptosis. circRNAs have been recognized to play important roles in cellular activity. However, the regulatory network of circRNAs in follicular atresia has not been fully validated. In this study, we report a new circRNA, circSLC41A1, which has higher expression in healthy follicles compared to atretic follicles, and confirm its circular structure using RNase R treatment. The resistant function of circSLC41A1 during GC apoptosis was detected by si-RNA transfection and the competitive binding of miR-9820-5p by circSLC41A1 and SRSF1 was detected with a dual-luciferase reporter assay and co-transfection of their inhibitors or siRNA. Additionally, we predicted the protein-coding potential of circSLC41A1 and analyzed the structure of circSLC41A1-134aa. Our study revealed that circSLC41A1 enhanced SRSF1 expression through competitive binding of miR-9820-5p and demonstrated a circSLC41A1–miR-9820-5p–SRSF1 regulatory axis in follicular GC apoptosis. The study adds to knowledge of the post-transcriptional regulation of follicular atresia and provides insight into the protein-coding function of circRNA.
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Genetic Basis of Follicle Development in Dazu Black Goat by Whole-Transcriptome Sequencing. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123536. [PMID: 34944311 PMCID: PMC8697922 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The follicle development (FD) of a goat is precisely regulated by various noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially by the regulatory mechanism of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). This study aimed to determine the expression patterns of messenger RNA (mRNA), long noncoding RNA, microRNA, and circular RNA during the FD of Dazhu black goats by whole-transcriptomic sequencing and analyze the regulatory mechanism of the ncRNA and ceRNA regulatory network. The results may lay a foundation for further research on FD and improving the reproductive performance of goats. Abstract The follicle development (FD) is an important factor determining litter size in animals. Recent studies have found that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play an important role in FD. In particular, the role of the regulatory mechanism of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) that drive FD has attracted increasing attention. Therefore, this study explored the genetic basis of goat FD by obtaining the complete follicular transcriptome of Dazu black goats at different developmental stages. Results revealed that 128 messenger RNAs (mRNAs), 4 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), 49 microRNAs (miRNAs), and 290 circular RNAs (circRNAs) were significantly differentially expressed (DE) between large and small follicles. Moreover, DEmRNAs were enriched in many signaling pathways related to FD, as well as GO terms related to molecular binding and enzyme activity. Based on the analysis of the ceRNA network (CRN), 34 nodes (1 DElncRNAs, 10 DEcircRNAs, 14 DEmiRNAs, and 9 DEmRNAs) and 35 interactions (17 DEcircRNAs–DEmRNAs, 2 DElncRNAs–DEmiRNAs, and 16 DEmRNA–DEmiRNAs) implied that the CRN could be involved in the FD of goats. In conclusion, we described gene regulation by DERNAs and lncRNA/circRNA–miRNA–mRNA CRNs in the FD of goats. This study provided insights into the genetic basis of FD in precise transcriptional regulation.
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Li X, Gao F, Fan Y, Xie S, Li C, Meng L, Li L, Zhang S, Wei H. A novel identified circ-ANKHD1 targets the miR-27a-3p/SFRP1 signaling pathway and modulates the apoptosis of granulosa cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:57459-57469. [PMID: 34091845 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The specific expression profile and function of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in mammalian ovarian follicles, especially during the atresia process, are unclear. In this study, we verified and explored the expression and function of circ-ANKHD1 in granulosa cells. Our results showed that abundance of circ-ANKHD1 was significantly lower in the granulosa cells than that of ANKHD1. The expression of ANKHD1 was highest in the granulosa cells from follicles with a diameter of 5-6 mm and lowest in that with a diameter of 3-4 mm. Furthermore, the expression level of circ-ANKHD1 in the ovarian tissue of 1-day-old piglets was significantly higher than that of 17-month-old multiparous sows. The luciferase reporter assay showed the potential interaction between circ-ANKHD1 and miR-27a-3p/miR-142-5p. Furthermore, circ-ANKHD1 overexpression up-regulated SFRP1 expression, while miR-27a-3p overexpression suppressed SFRP1 expression in granulosa cells. Circ-ANKHD1 overexpression significantly decreased the cell apoptotic rates of the granulosa cells and repressed the cell population at G0/G1 and S phases but increased cell population at G2/M phase. Finally, circ-ANKHD1 overexpression increased the mRNA expression levels of Bcl-2 and cyclin D1 in the granulosa cells, while there are no effects on the mRNA expression levels of caspase-3, p53, Bax, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. In conclusion, our study for the first time identified a novel circRNA, circ-ANKHD1 that may be associated with the biological functions of granulosa cells. Circ-ANKHD1 may promote the granulosa cell proliferation, but attenuate apoptosis, and these effects may be associated with modulation of miR-27a-3p/SFRP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fenglei Gao
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, College of Guangdong Agriculture Industry Business Polytechnic, Guangzhou, 510507, Guangdong, China
| | - Yushan Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shefeng Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chengde Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Li Meng
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Li Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shouquan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hengxi Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Sharma D, Sehgal P, Sivasubbu S, Scaria V. A genome-wide circular RNA transcriptome in rat. Biol Methods Protoc 2021; 6:bpab016. [PMID: 34527809 PMCID: PMC8435660 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of noncoding RNAs that back-splice from 5ʹ donor site and 3ʹ acceptor sites to form a circular structure. A number of circRNAs have been discovered in model organisms including human, mouse, Drosophila, among other organisms. There are a few candidate-based studies on circRNAs in rat, a well-studied model organism as well. A number of pipelines have been published to identify the back splice junctions for the discovery of circRNAs but studies comparing these tools have suggested that a combination of tools would be a better approach to identify high-confidence circRNAs. The availability of a recent dataset of transcriptomes encompassing 11 tissues, 4 developmental stages, and 2 genders motivated us to explore the landscape of circRNAs in the organism in this context. In order to understand the difference among different pipelines, we employed five different combinations of tools to identify circular RNAs from the dataset. We compared the results of the different combination of tools/pipelines with respect to alignment, total number of circRNAs identified and read-coverage. In addition, we identified tissue-specific, development-stage specific and gender-specific circRNAs and further independently validated 16 circRNA junctions out of 24 selected candidates in 5 tissue samples and estimated the quantitative expression of five circRNA candidates using real-time polymerase chain reaction and our analysis suggests three candidates as tissue-enriched. This study is one of the most comprehensive studies which provides a map of circRNAs transcriptome as well as to understand the difference among different computational pipelines in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Sharma
- GN Ramachandran Knowledge Center for Genome Informatics, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mathura Road, Delhi 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IGIB South Campus, Mathura Road, Delhi 110025, India
| | - Paras Sehgal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IGIB South Campus, Mathura Road, Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sridhar Sivasubbu
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IGIB South Campus, Mathura Road, Delhi 110025, India
| | - Vinod Scaria
- GN Ramachandran Knowledge Center for Genome Informatics, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mathura Road, Delhi 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IGIB South Campus, Mathura Road, Delhi 110025, India
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Yao W, Du X, Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang M, Pan Z, Li Q. SMAD4-induced knockdown of the antisense long noncoding RNA BRE-AS contributes to granulosa cell apoptosis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:251-263. [PMID: 34458009 PMCID: PMC8368758 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Antisense long noncoding RNAs (AS-lncRNAs), a sub-class of lncRNAs, are transcribed in the opposite direction from their overlapping protein-coding genes and are implicated in various physiological and pathological processes. However, their role in female reproduction remains largely unknown. Here, we report that BRE-AS, an AS-lncRNA transcript from intron 10 of the protein-coding gene BRE, is involved in granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis. Based on our previous RNA sequencing data, we identified 28 AS-lncRNAs as important in the initiation of porcine follicular atresia, with BRE-AS showing the most significant upregulation in early atretic follicles. In this study, gain- and loss-of-function assays demonstrated that BRE-AS induces early apoptosis in GCs. Mechanistically, BRE-AS acts in cis to suppress the expression of BRE, an anti-apoptotic factor, via direct interaction with the pre-mRNA transcript of the latter, inducing increased GC apoptosis. Notably, we also found that BRE-AS was upregulated in SMAD4-silenced GCs. SMAD4 was identified as a transcriptional repressor of BRE-AS because it inhibits BRE-AS expression and BRE-AS-mediated GC apoptosis. In conclusion, we not only identified a novel AS-lncRNA related to the early apoptosis of GCs and initiation of follicular atresia but also described a novel regulatory pathway, SMAD4/BRE-AS/BRE, coordinating GC function and female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xing Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinbi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zengxiang Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qifa Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Comprehensive CircRNA Profiling and Selection of Key CircRNAs Reveal the Potential Regulatory Roles of CircRNAs throughout Ovarian Development and Maturation in Cynoglossus semilaevis. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090830. [PMID: 34571707 PMCID: PMC8468179 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary CircRNAs: as molecules involved in gene regulation, have become a new research hotspot in the non-coding RNA field. CircRNAs show tissue- or developmental stage-specific patterns of expression and can influence the expression levels of their parental genes. Recent studies have documented the potential biological roles of circRNAs in the growth, development, reproduction and health of humans and animals. Tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) is a marine flatfish that is an economically important farmed species in China. The commercial aquaculture of tongue sole has developed in the last few years because wild resources have decreased. Reproduction is regulated by brain-pituitary-gonad-liver axis which limits the development of artificial tongue sole culture. However, the roles of circRNAs in the ovarian development and maturation of tongue sole has never been reported. The identification of the potential functions of circRNAs provides a foundation for understanding the genetic mechanisms that regulate oocyte growth and maturation, which will allow the efficiency of tongue sole reproduction to be improved. Moreover, our findings extend the knowledge about a new type of endogenous RNA involved in regulating the ovarian development and maturation of tongue sole. Abstract CircRNAs are novel endogenous non-coding small RNAs involved in the regulation of multiple biological processes. However, little is known regarding circRNAs in ovarian development and maturation of fish. Our study, for the first time, provides the genome-wide overview of the types and relative abundances of circRNAs in tongue sole tissues during three ovarian developmental stages. We detected 6790 circRNAs in the brain, 5712 in the pituitary gland, 4937 in the ovary and 4160 in the liver. Some circRNAs exhibit tissue-specific expression, and qRT-PCR largely confirmed 6 differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analyses of DE mRNAs were performed. Some DE circRNA parental genes were closely associated with biological processes in key signalling pathways and may play essential roles in ovarian development and maturation. We found that the selected circRNAs were involved in 10 pathways. RNase R digestion experiment and Sanger sequencing verified that the circRNA had a ring structure and was RNase R resistant. qRT-PCR results largely confirmed differential circRNA expression patterns from the RNA-seq data. These findings indicate that circRNAs are widespread in terms of present in production-related tissues of tongue sole with potentially important regulatory roles in ovarian development and maturation.
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Ma M, Wang H, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Liu J, Pan Z. circRNA-Mediated Inhibin-Activin Balance Regulation in Ovarian Granulosa Cell Apoptosis and Follicular Atresia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179113. [PMID: 34502034 PMCID: PMC8431694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian granulosa cells (GC) play an essential role in the development and atresia of follicles. Emerging studies suggest that non-coding RNAs are involved in the regulation of GC apoptosis. Here, we aimed to analyze the function of ssc-circINHA-001, coded by the first exon of the inhibin subunit α gene (INHA), in resisting GC apoptosis and follicular atresia by enhancing the expression of the inhibin subunit β A (INHBA) through a cluster of miRNAs. A higher expression of ssc-circINHA-001 in healthy follicles compared to early atretic follicles was detected by qRT-PCR. Its circular structure was confirmed by RNase R treatment and reversed PCR. The function of ssc-circINHA-001 in GC resistance to apoptosis was detected by in vitro transfection of its si-RNA. Furthermore, the dual-luciferase reporter assay suggested that ssc-circINHA-001 adsorbed three miRNAs, termed miR-214-5p, miR-7144-3p, and miR-9830-5p, which share the common target INHBA. A low expression of ssc-circINHA-001 increased the levels of the free miRNAs, inhibited INHBA expression, and thus raised GCs apoptosis through a shift from the secretion of activin to that of inhibin. Our study demonstrated the existence of a circRNA–microRNAs–INHBA regulatory axis in follicular GC apoptosis and provides insight into the relationship between circRNA function and its coding gene in inhibin/activin balance and ovarian physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.M.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Huiming Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.M.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.M.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jinbi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211169, China; (J.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jingge Liu
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211169, China; (J.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Zengxiang Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.M.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Pan X, Gong W, He Y, Li N, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Li J, Yuan X. Ovary-derived circular RNAs profile analysis during the onset of puberty in gilts. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:445. [PMID: 34126925 PMCID: PMC8204460 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07786-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In mammals, the ovary is the essential system of female reproduction for the onset of puberty, and the abnormal puberty has negative outcomes on health. CircRNA is a non-coding RNA produced by non-canonical alternative splicing (AS). Several studies have reported that circRNA is involved in the gene regulation and plays an important role in some human diseases. However, the contribution of circRNA has received little known within the onset of puberty in ovary. Results Here, the profiles of ovarian circRNAs across pre-, in- and post-pubertal stages were established by RNA-sEq. In total, 972 circRNAs were identified, including 631 stage-specific circRNAs and 8 tissue-specific circRNAs. The biological functions of parental genes of circRNAs were enriched in steroid biosynthesis, autophagy-animal, MAPK signaling pathway, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation and ras signaling pathway. Moreover, 5 circRNAs derived from 4 puberty-related genes (ESR1, JAK2, NF1 and ARNT) were found in this study. The A3SS events were the most alternative splicing, but IR events were likely to be arose in post-pubertal ovaries. Besides, the circRNA-miRNA-gene networks were explored for 10 differentially expressed circRNAs. Furthermore, the head-to-tail exon as well as the expressions of 10 circRNAs were validated by the divergent RT-qPCR and sanger sequencing. Conclusions In summary, the profiles of ovarian circRNAs were provided during pubertal transition in gilts, and these results provided useful information for the investigation on the onset of puberty at the ovarian-circRNAs-level in mammals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07786-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchun Pan
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Gong
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingting He
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nian Li
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaolong Yuan
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, 510260, Guangzhou, China.
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Ma X, Wang G, Wu L, Liu H, Jiang H, Wang L, Liu Q, Wu Q, Tian X, Li X. Dynamic expression and functional analysis of circular RNA in the gonads of Chinese soft-shelled turtles (Pelodiscus sinensis). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 39:100863. [PMID: 34237608 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a noncoding RNA that can regulate a variety of biological processes. CircRNAs can regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally by acting as microRNA sponges. Many turtle species are remarkable organisms due to their reproductive processes. However, information on circRNA in the gonads of turtles is limited. In this study, 6, 121 circRNAs were identified in the testes and ovaries of Chinese soft-shelled turtles (Pelodiscus sinensis) using the Illumina platform, and 710 circRNAs were significantly differentially expressed (DE). The DE circRNAs included 541 upregulated and 169 downregulated circRNAs in the testes. GO and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the DE circRNAs were enriched in several signaling pathways, including GnRH, Wnt, FoxO, Progesterone mediated oocyte maturation, and mTOR signaling pathways. Five DE circRNAs were randomly selected, and their relative expression levels in ovaries and testes were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. All of these circRNAs were differentially expressed. In addition, 9, 883 interactions between circRNAs and miRNAs were predicted in the turtles. Target genes of the miRNAs include a range of genes regulating gonadal development. Seven ceRNA networks (DE circRNAs-DE miRNAs-DE mRNAs), including 7 DE circRNAs, 11 DE miRNAs and 20 DE mRNAs, were constructed. The networks included Cdc6, the miR-1 family, the miR-203 family, and the miR-302 family. The expression profile of gonadal circRNAs might help to elucidate the roles of nonprotein coding RNAs in turtle gonadal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guiyu Wang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Limin Wu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huifen Liu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongxia Jiang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Luming Wang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qisheng Wu
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue Tian
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuejun Li
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China.
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Cai H, Chang T, Li Y, Jia Y, Li H, Zhang M, Su P, Zhang L, Xiang W. Circular DDX10 is associated with ovarian function and assisted reproductive technology outcomes through modulating the proliferation and steroidogenesis of granulosa cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:9592-9612. [PMID: 33742605 PMCID: PMC8064152 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
circRNAs are present in human ovarian tissue, but how they regulate ovarian function remains unknown. In the current study, we investigated the levels of circRNAs in granulosa cells (GCs) derived from human follicular fluid, explored their correlation with female ovarian reserve function and clinical outcomes of assisted reproduction technique (ART), and investigated their effects on the biological functions of GC cell lines (COV434) in vitro. We identified that the levels of circDDX10 in GCs decreased gradually with aging (P < 0.01) and was positively correlated with AMH (r = 0.45, P < 0.01) and AFC (r = 0.32, P < 0.01), but not with FSH and estradiol (P > 0.05). Additionally, circDDX10 was related to the number of oocytes obtained, and good quality embryo rates. Silencing circDDX10 in GCs could markedly up-regulate the expression of apoptosis-related factors, reduce cell proliferation activity, inhibit the expression of steroid hormone synthesis-related factors, and prohibit the synthesis of estradiol. On the contrary, over-expression of circDDX10 had the opposite effect. circDDX10 is expected to become a novel biomarker for predicting the outcomes of ART, and may participate in the regulation of ovarian function by affecting the proliferation and apoptosis of GCs and steroid hormone synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcai Cai
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianli Chang
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yamin Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yinzhao Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Su
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wenpei Xiang
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
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Du X, Li Q, Yang L, Zeng Q, Wang S, Li Q. Transcriptomic Data Analyses Reveal That Sow Fertility-Related lincRNA NORFA Is Essential for the Normal States and Functions of Granulosa Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:610553. [PMID: 33708768 PMCID: PMC7940361 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.610553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NORFA, the first lincRNA associated with sow fertility, has been shown to control granulosa cell (GC) functions and follicular atresia. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, RNA-seq was performed and we noticed that inhibition of NORFA led to dramatic transcriptomic alterations in porcine GCs. A total of 1,272 differentially expressed transcripts were identified, including 1167 DEmRNAs and 105 DEmiRNAs. Furthermore, protein–protein interaction, gene-pathway function, and TF–miRNA–mRNA regulatory networks were established and yielded four regulatory modules with multiple hub genes, such as AR, ATG5, BAK1, CENPE, NR5A1, NFIX, WNT5B, ssc-miR-27b, and ssc-miR-126. Functional assessment showed that these hub DEGs were mainly enriched in TGF-β, PI3K-Akt, FoxO, Wnt, MAPK, and ubiquitin pathways that are essential for GC states (apoptosis and proliferation) and functions (hormone secretion). In vitro, we also found that knockdown of NORFA in porcine GCs significantly induced cell apoptosis, impaired cell viability, and suppressed 17β-estradiol (E2) synthesis. Notably, four candidate genes for sow reproductive traits (INHBA, NCOA1, TGFβ-1, and TGFBR2) were also identified as potential targets of NORFA. These findings present a panoramic view of the transcriptome in NORFA-reduced GCs, highlighting that NORFA, a candidate lincRNA for sow fertility, is crucial for the normal states and functions of GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiqi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qifa Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang Q, Su J, Kong W, Fang Z, Li Y, Huang Z, Wen J, Wang Y. Roles of miR-10a-5p and miR-103a-3p, Regulators of BDNF Expression in Follicular Fluid, in the Outcomes of IVF-ET. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:637384. [PMID: 34054723 PMCID: PMC8150000 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.637384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophin family, plays critical roles in the physiological process of oocyte mature and IVF outcomes of patients with infertility. However, the regulation of BDNF expression in the microenvironment surrounding the oocyte is still unknown. We initially predicted some microRNA (miRNA) candidates targeting bdnf with a series of bioinformatics analysis tools to determine the underlying regulatory mechanisms of BDNF, particularly the effect of miRNAs on BDNF expression. Then, we assessed whether the expression of these 14 selected miRNAs was negatively associated with BDNF expression in follicular fluid (FF) samples obtained from mature (>18 mm) or immature (<15 mm) follicles. Finally, we used the candidate miRNAs, miR-103a-3p and miR-10a-5p, to further investigate the relationship between their expression in FF and the outcomes of infertile patients undergoing IVF-ET treatment. The results of the bioinformatics analysis revealed 14 miRNAs that might directly regulate BDNF expression and might have a close relationship with oocyte development. BDNF was expressed at significantly lower levels in FF from immature follicles than in FF from mature follicles, and only the expression of miR-103a-3p and miR-10a-5p was negatively correlated with BDNF expression in FF. Moreover, in another cohort of 106 infertile women undergoing IVF-ET treatment, miR-103a-3p or miR-10a-5p expression predicted the developmental status of the corresponding oocytes in which high expression of miR-103a-3p or miR-10a-5p resulted in a poor quality of embryo on days 3 and 5 during the IVF-ET treatment. In conclusion, our study is the first to show that miR-103a-3p or miR-10a-5p negatively affects the maturation of oocytes by regulating the expression of BDNF in human FF. Additionally, the expression levels of miR-103a-3p or miR-10a-5p in FF may predict the outcomes of IVF, which are helpful for improving embryo selection and consequently the IVF success rate in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyao Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jinfeng Su
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Reproductive Medical Center, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhou Fang
- Reproductive Medical Center, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Reproductive Medical Center, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ziqiang Huang
- Reproductive Medical Center, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ji Wen
- Reproductive Medical Center, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Ji Wen, ; Yue Wang,
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Ji Wen, ; Yue Wang,
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Li Q, Du X, Wang L, Shi K, Li Q. TGF-β1 controls porcine granulosa cell states: A miRNA-mRNA network view. Theriogenology 2020; 160:50-60. [PMID: 33181481 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
TGF-β1, an important multi-functional cytokine of the TGF-β signaling pathway, has been reported to be crucial for ovarian granulosa cell (GC) states and female fertility. However, the molecular mechanism underlying TGF-β1 regulation of GC states remains largely unknown. Here, we provide a comprehensive transcriptomic view on TGF-β1 regulation of cell states in porcine GCs. We first confirmed that TGF-β1 can control GC states (apoptosis and proliferation) in pig ovary. RNA-seq showed that 909 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 890 DEmRNAs and 19 DEmiRNAs, were identified in TGF-β1-treated porcine GCs. Functional annotation showed that these DEGs were mainly involved in regulating cell states. In addition, multiple hub genes were identified by constructing the protein-protein interaction network, DEmiRNA-DEmRNAs regulatory network, and gene-pathway-function co-expression networks, which were further found to be enriched in FoxO, TGF-β, Wnt, PIK3-Akt, p53 and Ras signaling pathways that play important roles in regulating cell states, cell cycle, proliferation, stress-responses and inflammation. The current research deeply reveals the effects of TGF-β1 on porcine GCs, and also identifies potential therapeutic RNA molecules for inhibiting and rescuing female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xing Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lingfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kerong Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Qifa Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Lu T, Zou X, Liu G, Deng M, Sun B, Guo Y, Liu D, Li Y. A Preliminary Study on the Characteristics of microRNAs in Ovarian Stroma and Follicles of Chuanzhong Black Goat during Estrus. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11090970. [PMID: 32825655 PMCID: PMC7564575 DOI: 10.3390/genes11090970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) play a significant role in ovarian follicular maturity, but miRNA expression patterns in ovarian stroma (OS), large follicles (LF), and small follicles (SF) have been rarely explored. We herein aimed to identify miRNAs, their target genes and signaling pathways, as well as their interaction networks in OS, LF, and SF of Chuanzhong black goats at the estrus phase using small RNA-sequencing. We found that the miRNA expression profiles of LF and SF were more similar than those of OS—32, 16, and 29 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in OS vs. LF, OS vs. SF, and LF vs. SF, respectively. Analyses of functional enrichment and the miRNA-targeted gene interaction network suggested that miR-182 (SMC3), miR-122 (SGO1), and miR-206 (AURKA) were involved in ovarian organogenesis and hormone secretion by oocyte meiosis. Furthermore, miR-202-5p (EREG) and miR-485-3p (FLT3) were involved in follicular maturation through the MAPK signaling pathway, and miR-2404 (BMP7 and CDKN1C) played a key role in follicular development through the TGF-β signaling pathway and cell cycle; nevertheless, further research is warranted. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate miRNA expression patterns in OS, LF, and SF of Chuanzhong black goats during estrus. Our findings provide a theoretical basis to elucidate the role of miRNAs in follicular maturation. These key miRNAs might provide candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis of follicular maturation and will assist in developing new therapeutic targets for female goat infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Lu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.L.); (X.Z.); (G.L.); (M.D.); (B.S.); (Y.G.); (D.L.)
| | - Xian Zou
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.L.); (X.Z.); (G.L.); (M.D.); (B.S.); (Y.G.); (D.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guangbin Liu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.L.); (X.Z.); (G.L.); (M.D.); (B.S.); (Y.G.); (D.L.)
| | - Ming Deng
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.L.); (X.Z.); (G.L.); (M.D.); (B.S.); (Y.G.); (D.L.)
| | - Baoli Sun
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.L.); (X.Z.); (G.L.); (M.D.); (B.S.); (Y.G.); (D.L.)
| | - Yongqing Guo
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.L.); (X.Z.); (G.L.); (M.D.); (B.S.); (Y.G.); (D.L.)
| | - Dewu Liu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.L.); (X.Z.); (G.L.); (M.D.); (B.S.); (Y.G.); (D.L.)
| | - Yaokun Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.L.); (X.Z.); (G.L.); (M.D.); (B.S.); (Y.G.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1862-019-3682
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Characteristics of Circular RNA Expression Profiles of Porcine Granulosa Cells in Healthy and Atretic Antral Follicles. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155217. [PMID: 32717899 PMCID: PMC7432752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are thought to play essential roles in multiple biological processes, including apoptosis, an important process in antral follicle atresia. We aimed to investigate the potential involvement of circRNAs in granulosa cell apoptosis and thus antral follicle atresia. CircRNA expression profiles were generated from porcine granulosa cells isolated from healthy antral (HA) and atretic antral (AA) follicles. Over 9632 circRNAs were identified, of which 62 circRNAs were differentially expressed (DE-circRNAs). Back-splicing, RNase R resistance, and stability of DE-circRNAs were validated, and miRNA binding sites and related target genes were predicted. Two exonic circRNAs with low false discovery rate (FDR) high fold change, miRNA binding sites, and relevant biological functions—circ_CBFA2T2 and circ_KIF16B—were selected for further characterization. qRT-PCR and linear regression analysis confirmed expression and correlation of the targeted genes—the antioxidant gene GCLC (potential target of circ_CBFA2T2) and the apoptotic gene TP53 (potential target of circ_KIF16B). Increased mRNA content of TP53 in granulosa cells of AA follicles was further confirmed by strong immunostaining of both p53 and its downstream target pleckstrin homology like domain family a member 3 (PHLDA3) in AA follicles compared to negligible staining in granulosa cells of HA follicles. Therefore, we concluded that aberrantly expressed circRNAs presumably play a potential role in antral follicular atresia.
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Guo TY, Huang L, Yao W, Du X, Li QQ, Ma ML, Li QF, Liu HL, Zhang JB, Pan ZX. The potential biological functions of circular RNAs during the initiation of atresia in pig follicles. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 72:106401. [PMID: 32278256 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.106401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The specific expression profile and function of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in mammalian ovarian follicles, especially during the atresia process, are unclear. In this study, genome-wide deep circRNA sequencing was applied to screen circRNAs in healthy and early atretic antral follicles in pig ovaries. A total of 40,567 distinct circRNAs were identified in follicles, among which 197 circRNAs (108 upregulated and 89 downregulated) were significantly shifted during the early atresia process. Most differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) lacked protein-coding potential. Annotation analysis of the DECs revealed 162 known host genes, or noncoding RNAs, and 10 intergenic regions. The key pathways in which these host genes are involved include the focal adhesion-PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA)-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 signaling pathway and transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway. Further comparison analysis between host genes of DECs and the differentially expressed linear messenger RNA transcripts revealed the cotranscription of circRNAs and their linear mRNAs in inhibin beta units (INHBA and INHBB), glutathione S-transferase (GSTA1), and VEGFA. In addition, we predicted 196 pairs of potential circRNA-micro RNA (miRNA) interactions among 77 DECs and 101 porcine miRNAs. We have identified 16 functional miRNAs by comparing the 101 miRNAs to the functional miRNAs reported in mammal ovarian follicle atresia and granulosa cell apoptosis studies. Our study adds new knowledge to circRNA distribution profiles in pig ovarian follicles, offers a valuable reference for transcriptomic profiles in the initiation of follicular atresia, highlights warranted circRNAs for further functional investigation, and provides possible biomarkers for ovarian dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China 210095
| | - L Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China 210095
| | - W Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China 210095
| | - X Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China 210095
| | - Q Q Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China 210095
| | - M L Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China 210095
| | - Q F Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China 210095
| | - H L Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China 210095
| | - J B Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China 210095
| | - Z X Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China 210095; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China 210095.
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