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Li X, Yan M, Ji J, Ma Z. Non-diabetic elderly populations: the MHR as a protective factor against bone abnormalities. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1408467. [PMID: 38911035 PMCID: PMC11190061 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1408467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives In China, osteoporosis has become a major health concern among elderly population, imposing significant burden on the country's social and economic systems. The monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) has been currently recommended as a novel marker of inflammation and oxidative stress associated with osteoporosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, its reliability in non-diabetic elderly populations remains unclear. The present study was to evaluate the association between MHR and osteoporosis in a non-diabetic elderly population. Methods The clinical data of 240 non-diabetic elderly subjects (115 in the osteoporosis group and 125 in the normal bone group) were retrospectively analyzed and all statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS 26.0. Results Differences in age, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, MHR, uric acid, creatinine, triglycerides,and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were found to be statistically significant between the two groups. A binary logistic regression model was conducted by including age, MHR, UA and Cr as variables. The results showed that age was an independent risk factor and MHR was an independent protective factor for bone abnormality in the non-diabetic elderly population. The ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve for the predictive effect of MHR, age and their combined test on osteoporosis in non-diabetic elderly populations was 0.623, 0.728 and 0.761, respectively; the correlation analysis showed that MHR was positively correlated with lumbar and hip BMD, and negatively associated with femoral neck stress ratio, femoral intertrochanteric stress ratio, and femoral stem stress ratio, showing statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusions For the non-diabetic elderly population: the MHR is a protective factor against bone abnormalities and was significantly higher in the normal bone group than in the abnormal bone group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Orthopedic, Guangdong, Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Manli Yan
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Ji
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuohao Ma
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Cho KH, Bahuguna A, Lee Y, Lee SH, Dominguez-Horta MDC, Martinez-Donato G. Synergistic Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Lipid-Free Apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and CIGB-258 in Acute-Phase Zebrafish via Stabilization of the apoA-I Structure to Enhance Anti-Glycation and Antioxidant Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5560. [PMID: 38791598 PMCID: PMC11121824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
CIGB-258, a 3 kDa peptide from heat shock protein 60, exhibits synergistic anti-inflammatory activity with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) in reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (rHDLs) via stabilization of the rHDL structure. This study explored the interactions between CIGB-258 and apoA-I in the lipid-free state to assess their synergistic effects in the structural and functional enhancement of apoA-I and HDL. A co-treatment of lipid-free apoA-I and CIGB-258 inhibited the cupric ion-mediated oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and a lowering of oxidized species in the dose-responsive manner of CIGB-258. The co-presence of CIGB-258 caused a blue shift in the wavelength of maximum fluorescence (WMF) of apoA-I with protection from proteolytic degradation. The addition of apoA-I:CIGB-258, with a molar ratio of 1:0.1, 1:0.5, and 1:1, to HDL2 and HDL3 remarkably enhanced the antioxidant ability against LDL oxidation up to two-fold higher than HDL alone. HDL-associated paraoxonase activities were elevated up to 28% by the co-addition of apoA-I and CIGB-258, which is linked to the suppression of Cu2+-mediated HDL oxidation with the slowest electromobility. Isothermal denaturation by a urea treatment showed that the co-presence of CIGB-258 attenuated the exposure of intrinsic tryptophan (Trp) and increased the mid-points of denaturation from 2.33 M for apoA-I alone to 2.57 M for an apoA-I:CIGB-258 mixture with a molar ratio of 1:0.5. The addition of CIGB-258 to apoA-I protected the carboxymethyllysine (CML)-facilitated glycation of apoA-I with the prevention of Trp exposure. A co-treatment of apoA-I and CIGB-258 synergistically safeguarded zebrafish embryos from acute death by CML-toxicity, suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis. In adult zebrafish, the co-treatment of apoA-I+CIGB-258 exerted the highest anti-inflammatory activity with a higher recovery of swimming ability and survivability than apoA-I alone or CIGB-258 alone. A co-injection of apoA-I and CIGB-258 led to the lowest infiltration of neutrophils and interleukin (IL)-6 generation in hepatic tissue, with the lowest serum triglyceride, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase levels in plasma. In conclusion, the co-presence of CIGB-258 ameliorated the beneficial functionalities of apoA-I, such as antioxidant and anti-glycation activities, by enhancing the structural stabilization and protection of apoA-I. The combination of apoA-I and CIGB-258 synergistically enforced the anti-inflammatory effect against CML toxicity in embryos and adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hyun Cho
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashutosh Bahuguna
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunki Lee
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyuk Lee
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Gillian Martinez-Donato
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31, e/158 y 190, Playa, La Havana 10600, Cuba
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Hamilton F, Pedersen KM, Ghazal P, Nordestgaard BG, Smith GD. Low levels of small HDL particles predict but do not influence risk of sepsis. Crit Care 2023; 27:389. [PMID: 37814277 PMCID: PMC10563213 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol have been associated with higher rates and severity of infection. Alterations in inflammatory mediators and infection are associated with alterations in HDL cholesterol. It is unknown whether the association between HDL and infection is present for all particle sizes, and whether the observed associations are confounded by IL-6 signalling. METHODS In the UK Biobank, ~ 270,000 individuals have data on HDL subclasses derived from nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. We estimated the association of particle count of total HDL and HDL subclasses (small, medium, large, and extra-large HDL) with sepsis, sepsis-related death, and critical care admission in a Cox regression model. We subsequently utilised genetic data from UK Biobank and FinnGen to perform Mendelian randomisation (MR) of each HDL subclass and sepsis to test for a causal relationship. Finally, we explored the role of IL-6 signalling as a potential causal driver of changes in HDL subclasses. RESULTS In observational analyses, higher particle count of small HDL was associated with protection from sepsis (Hazard ratio, HR 0.80; 95% CI 0.74-0.86, p = 4 × 10-9 comparing Quartile 4, highest quartile of HDL to Quartile 1, lowest quartile of HDL), sepsis-related death (HR 0.80; 95% CI 0.74-0.86, p = 2 × 10-4), and critical care admission with sepsis (HR 0.72 95% CI 0.60-0.85, p = 2 × 10-4). Parallel associations with other HDL subclasses were likely driven by changes in the small HDL compartment. MR analyses did not strongly support causality of small HDL particle count on sepsis incidence (Odds ratio, OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.89-1.07, p = 0.6) or death (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.75-1.17, p = 0.56), although the estimate on critical care admission with sepsis supported protection (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57-0.95, p = 0.02). Bidirectional MR analyses suggested that increased IL-6 signalling was associated with reductions in both small (beta on small HDL particle count - 0.16, 95% CI - 0.10 to - 0.21 per natural log change in SD-scaled CRP, p = 9 × 10-8).and total HDL particle count (beta - 0.13, 95% CI - 0.09 to - 0.17, p = 7 × 10-10), but that the reverse effect of HDL on IL-6 signalling was largely null. CONCLUSIONS Low number of small HDL particles are associated with increased hazard of sepsis, sepsis-related death, and sepsis-related critical care admission. However, genetic analyses did not strongly support this as causal. Instead, we demonstrate that increased IL-6 signalling, which is known to alter infection risk, could confound associations with reduced HDL particle count, and suggest this may explain part of the observed association between (small) HDL particle count and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus Hamilton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
- Infection Science, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK.
| | - Kasper Mønsted Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Børge Grønne Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
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Cho KH, Nam HS, Kim JE, Na HJ, Del Carmen Dominguez-Horta M, Martinez-Donato G. CIGB-258 Exerts Potent Anti-Inflammatory Activity against Carboxymethyllysine-Induced Acute Inflammation in Hyperlipidemic Zebrafish via the Protection of Apolipoprotein A-I. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087044. [PMID: 37108210 PMCID: PMC10139093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and atherosclerosis are intimately associated via the production of dysfunctional high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and modification of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I. A putative interaction between CIGB-258 and apoA-I was investigated to provide mechanistic insight into the protection of HDL. The protective activity of CIGB-258 was tested in the CML-mediated glycation of apoA-I. The in vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy was compared in paralyzed hyperlipidemic zebrafish and its embryo in the presence of CML. Treatment of CML induced greater glycation extent of HDL/apoA-I and proteolytic degradation of apoA-I. In the presence of CML, however, co-treatment of CIGB-258 inhibited the glycation of apoA-I and protected the degradation of apoA-I, exerting enhanced ferric ion reduction ability. Microinjection of CML (500 ng) into zebrafish embryos resulted in acute death with the lowest survivability with severe developmental defects with interleukin (IL)-6 production. Conversely, a co-injection of CIGB-258 or Tocilizumab produced the highest survivability with a normal development speed and morphology. In hyperlipidemic zebrafish, intraperitoneal injection of CML (500 μg) caused the complete loss of swimming ability and severe acute death with only 13% survivability 3 h post-injection. A co-injection of the CIGB-258 resulted in a 2.2-fold faster recovery of swimming ability than CML alone, with higher survivability of approximately 57%. These results suggest that CIGB-258 protected hyperlipidemic zebrafish from the acute neurotoxicity of CML. Histological analysis showed that the CIGB-258 group had 37% lower infiltration of neutrophils in hepatic tissue and 70% lower fatty liver changes than those of the CML-alone group. The CIGB-258 group exhibited the smallest IL-6 expression in the liver and the lowest blood triglyceride level. CIGB-258 displayed potent anti-inflammatory activity in hyperlipidemic zebrafish by inhibiting apoA-I glycation, promoting rapid recovery from the paralysis of CML toxicity and suppression of IL-6, and lowering fatty liver changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hyun Cho
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
- LipoLab, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Seon Nam
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jee Na
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Gillian Martinez-Donato
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31, e/158 y 190, Playa, La Habana 10600, Cuba
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Tan M, Yang S, Xu X. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and carcinogenesis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:303-313. [PMID: 36973155 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) has been recognized to be associated with atherosclerosis. In the past few years many studies have found that HDLC is also related to tumor development and progression. Despite some opposing views, a large number of studies support a negative association between HDLC and tumor incidence. Measuring serum HDLC concentrations may facilitate assessment of the prognosis of cancer patients and provide a biomarker for tumors. However, there is a lack of molecular mechanism studies on the link between HDLC and tumors. In this review we discuss the impact of HDLC on the incidence and prognosis of cancer in different systems, as well as prospects for the prediction and treatment of cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shijie Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiequn Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Niu Z, Xue H, Jiang Z, Chai L, Wang H. Effects of temperature on intestinal microbiota and lipid metabolism in Rana chensinensis tadpoles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:35398-35412. [PMID: 36534254 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24709-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change such as global warming is considered a major threat to amphibians. The guts of amphibians are home to trillions of microbes, which are key regulators of gastrointestinal digestion and play a crucial role in lipid metabolites. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature change on intestinal microbiota and lipid metabolism in Rana chensinensis tadpoles. Morphological and intestinal microbiota data of R. chensinensis larvae exposed to different temperatures (15 °C, 21 °C, and 26 °C) were measured. The results show that the warm temperature causes histological damage to the intestinal epithelium. In addition, temperature treatments alter the diversity and composition of gut microbes in R. chensinensis tadpoles. At the phylum level of intestinal microbial community, Campilobacterota was detected only in the warm group. At the genera level, unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae was markedly declined in the warm group but was notably enriched in the cold group. For lipid metabolism-related genes, the expression levels of GPR109A, HDAC1, and APOA-I decreased significantly in both warm and cold treatment groups, while the expression levels of CLPS and LIPASE increased significantly. Collectively, these observations demonstrated that warm and cold temperatures may reduce the immune capacity of tadpoles by changing the composition of intestinal microorganisms and the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism, affecting the survival of tadpoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Niu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - HaoYu Xue
- School of Philosophy and Government, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Zhaoyang Jiang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Lihong Chai
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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Diab A, Valenzuela Ripoll C, Guo Z, Javaheri A. HDL Composition, Heart Failure, and Its Comorbidities. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:846990. [PMID: 35350538 PMCID: PMC8958020 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.846990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although research on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) has historically focused on atherosclerotic coronary disease, there exists untapped potential of HDL biology for the treatment of heart failure. Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and endothelial protective properties of HDL could impact heart failure pathogenesis. HDL-associated proteins such as apolipoprotein A-I and M may have significant therapeutic effects on the myocardium, in part by modulating signal transduction pathways and sphingosine-1-phosphate biology. Furthermore, because heart failure is a complex syndrome characterized by multiple comorbidities, there are complex interactions between heart failure, its comorbidities, and lipoprotein homeostatic mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss the effects of heart failure and associated comorbidities on HDL, explore potential cardioprotective properties of HDL, and review novel HDL therapeutic targets in heart failure.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Therefore, exploring the mechanism of CVDs and critical regulatory factors is of great significance for promoting heart repair, reversing cardiac remodeling, and reducing adverse cardiovascular events. Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding the function of protein kinases and their interactions with other regulatory proteins in myocardial biology. Protein kinases are positioned as critical regulators at the intersection of multiple signals and coordinate nearly every aspect of myocardial responses, regulating contractility, metabolism, transcription, and cellular death. Equally, reconstructing the disrupted protein kinases regulatory network will help reverse pathological progress and stimulate cardiac repair. This review summarizes recent researches concerning the function of protein kinases in CVDs, discusses their promising clinical applications, and explores potential targets for future treatments.
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Ma S, Zhang M, Qu H, Cheng Y, Du S, Fan J, Yao Q, Zhang X, Chen M, Zhang N, Shi K, Huang Y, Zhan S. Combination of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Lipoprotein(a) as a Predictor of Collateral Circulation in Patients With Severe Unilateral Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis or Occlusion. J Clin Neurol 2022; 18:14-23. [PMID: 35021272 PMCID: PMC8762497 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2022.18.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Collateral circulation is considered an important factor affecting the risk of stroke, but the factors that affect collateral circulation remain unclear. This study was performed to identify the factors associated with collateral circulation, especially blood lipids. METHODS The study involved patients who had undergone digital subtraction angiography and were confirmed as having severe unilateral stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA). We classified the collateral circulation status of each patient as good (Grade 3 or 4) or poor (Grade 0, 1, or 2) according to the grading system of the American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/American Society of Interventional Radiology. We collected data on patients' characteristics and identified the factors that affect collateral circulation. RESULTS This study included 212 patients. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration and a complete anterior half of the circle of Willis were independent protective factors for good collateral circulation, whereas elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and serum creatinine concentrations were independent risk factors for good collateral circulation. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) was 0.68 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-0.76) for HDL-C and 0.69 (95% CI, 0.62-0.76) for Lp(a). A binary logistic regression model analysis of the joint factor of HDL-C and Lp(a) yielded an AUC of 0.77 (95% CI, 0.71-0.84). CONCLUSIONS In patients with severe unilateral ICA stenosis or occlusion, the combination of HDL-C and Lp(a) is a useful predictor of collateral circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyin Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meijuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huiyang Qu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuxuan Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuang Du
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaxin Fan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingling Yao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengying Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaili Shi
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yizhou Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuqin Zhan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Xu H, Pang Y, Li X, Zha B, He T, Ding H. Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio as an independent risk factor for papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e24014. [PMID: 34545629 PMCID: PMC8605115 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is considered to be an inflammatory disease. This study aimed to investigate the association of monocyte to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) with PTC. Methods Clinical parameters from 300 patients with PTC and 552 patients with benign thyroid nodule were compared. Serum renal function and liver enzymes, fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, and blood cell count were measured. Results Patients with PTC had a higher MONO (p < 0.001) and MHR (p < 0.001). There was a step‐wise increase in the prevalence of PTC (p = 0.003) with the tertile of MHR. Logistic regression analysis revealed that MHR could be considered an independent risk factor (p < 0.001) in the case‐control study and the cohort study. Pearson correlation analysis and simple linear regression analysis indicated that MHR was positively associated with neutrophil (NEU) and lymphocyte (LYM) count as well as neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Area under the curve (AUC) was 0.711. The optimal cutoff of MHR was 0.33 × 109/mmol. Conclusion This study identifies novel evidence that patients with PTC have a higher MHR. MHR is an independent risk factor for PTC. These findings support the application of MHR to predict, diagnose, and evaluate the occurrence of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Pang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueqing Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingbing Zha
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao He
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heyuan Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Gaglione R, Pizzo E, Notomista E, de la Fuente-Nunez C, Arciello A. Host Defence Cryptides from Human Apolipoproteins: Applications in Medicinal Chemistry. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:1324-1337. [PMID: 32338222 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200427091454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several eukaryotic proteins with defined physiological roles may act as precursors of cryptic bioactive peptides released upon protein cleavage by the host and/or bacterial proteases. Based on this, the term "cryptome" has been used to define the unique portion of the proteome encompassing proteins with the ability to generate bioactive peptides (cryptides) and proteins (crypteins) upon proteolytic cleavage. Hence, the cryptome represents a source of peptides with potential pharmacological interest. Among eukaryotic precursor proteins, human apolipoproteins play an important role, since promising bioactive peptides have been identified and characterized from apolipoproteins E, B, and A-I sequences. Human apolipoproteins derived peptides have been shown to exhibit antibacterial, anti-biofilm, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, antioxidant, or anticancer activities in in vitro assays and, in some cases, also in in vivo experiments on animal models. The most interesting Host Defence Peptides (HDPs) identified thus far in human apolipoproteins are described here with a focus on their biological activities applicable to biomedicine. Altogether, reported evidence clearly indicates that cryptic peptides represent promising templates for the generation of new drugs and therapeutics against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Gaglione
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Elio Pizzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Eugenio Notomista
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Angela Arciello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
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12
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High-Density Lipoprotein-Targeted Therapies for Heart Failure. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120620. [PMID: 33339429 PMCID: PMC7767106 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The main and common constituents of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are apolipoprotein A-I, cholesterol, and phospholipids. Biochemical heterogeneity of HDL particles is based on the variable presence of one or more representatives of at least 180 proteins, 200 lipid species, and 20 micro RNAs. HDLs are circulating multimolecular platforms that perform divergent functions whereby the potential of HDL-targeted interventions for treatment of heart failure can be postulated based on its pleiotropic effects. Several murine studies have shown that HDLs exert effects on the myocardium, which are completely independent of any impact on coronary arteries. Overall, HDL-targeted therapies exert a direct positive lusitropic effect on the myocardium, inhibit the development of cardiac hypertrophy, suppress interstitial and perivascular myocardial fibrosis, increase capillary density in the myocardium, and prevent the occurrence of heart failure. In four distinct murine models, HDL-targeted interventions were shown to be a successful treatment for both pre-existing heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and pre-existing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFrEF). Until now, the effect of HDL-targeted interventions has not been evaluated in randomized clinical trials in heart failure patients. As HFpEF represents an important unmet therapeutic need, this is likely the preferred therapeutic domain for clinical translation.
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The new prognostic factor for pulmonary embolism: The ratio of monocyte count to HDL cholesterol. Am J Emerg Med 2020; 46:212-216. [PMID: 33071082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Aim of this study is to investigate effectiveness of the monocyte to HDL cholesterol ratio in patients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism for predicting intra-hospital mortality. METHOD A total of 269 patients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism in the emergency clinic were included in the study. Study was conducted retrospectively. Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI), Monocyte count and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) values were determined. MHR values of the patients were calculated. SPSS 26 package program was used to investigate the effectiveness of MHR in predicting mortality. FINDINGS Mean age of the patients was 64.51 ± 12.4 years. PESI, Number of monocytes and MHR were significantly higher in the group with mortality than the group without mortality (p < .05). HDL values were significantly lower (p < .05) in mortality group. Sensitivity of MHR 19 cut off value was 89.3%, and its specificity was 82.0%. CONCLUSION Use of predictors for mortality estimation in patients diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism is important for faster administration of treatment modalities. We think MHR values can be used as a strong predictor according to the hemogram parameters and biochemical results.
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Reustle A, Torzewski M. Role of p38 MAPK in Atherosclerosis and Aortic Valve Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123761. [PMID: 30486366 PMCID: PMC6321637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and aortic valve sclerosis are cardiovascular diseases with an increasing prevalence in western societies. Statins are widely applied in atherosclerosis therapy, whereas no pharmacological interventions are available for the treatment of aortic valve sclerosis. Therefore, valve replacement surgery to prevent acute heart failure is the only option for patients with severe aortic stenosis. Both atherosclerosis and aortic valve sclerosis are not simply the consequence of degenerative processes, but rather diseases driven by inflammatory processes in response to lipid-deposition in the blood vessel wall and the aortic valve, respectively. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is involved in inflammatory signaling and activated in response to various intracellular and extracellular stimuli, including oxidative stress, cytokines, and growth factors, all of which are abundantly present in atherosclerotic and aortic valve sclerotic lesions. The responses generated by p38 MAPK signaling in different cell types present in the lesions are diverse and might support the progression of the diseases. This review summarizes experimental findings relating to p38 MAPK in atherosclerosis and aortic valve sclerosis and discusses potential functions of p38 MAPK in the diseases with the aim of clarifying its eligibility as a pharmacological target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Reustle
- Dr. Margarete-Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany.
- University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Michael Torzewski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Hospital Hygiene, Robert Bosch-Hospital, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Mao MG, Chen Y, Liu RT, Lü HQ, Gu J, Jiang ZQ, Jiang JL. Transcriptome from Pacific cod liver reveals types of apolipoproteins and expression analysis of AFP-IV, structural analogue with mammalian ApoA-I. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2018; 28:204-212. [PMID: 30366214 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoproteins (Apos), transporting the lipids through the lymphatic and circulatory systems, are associated with kinds of diseases. Additionally, type IV antifreeze protein (AFP-IV) was related evolutionarily with apolipoproteins. However, the information of Apos in fish was limited. In this study, ApoA-I, ApoA-I-2, ApoA-IV, Apo E, ApoB-100-like and AFP-IV were sequenced from Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) liver transcriptome using Illumina HiSeq 2000, and their 3-D models were constructed based on the most confidence templates ever reported in mammals. Interestingly, the model of G. macrocephalus AFP-IV, named GmAFPIV, is quite similar to the structure of ApoA-I. GmAFPIV includes 689 bases with a complete open reading frame encoding 125 amino acids. Sequence alignment of GmAFPIV showed 30% to 50% similarity with that of other species except Gadus sp. Expression levels of GmAFPIV were found in a decreasing manner in liver, intestine, gill, brain and gonad. Heterologously expression of the GmAFPIV protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to immunize New Zealand rabbits. The survivors of E. coli in 60 μg/mL of GmAFPIV are more than that in the 30 μg/mL group after stored in -20 °C and -80 °C, indicating high concentration of GmAFPIV could protect E. coli avoiding the damage from ice crystal. The subcellular localization of GmAFPIV showed that the green fluorescence was mainly observed in the cytoplasm, indicating GmAFPIV play roles in the cytoplasm. It was concluded that GmAFPIV may function not only as an antifreeze protein but also as an apolipoprotein transporting lipids in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Guang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fish Applied Biology and Aquaculture in North China, Liaoning Province, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fish Applied Biology and Aquaculture in North China, Liaoning Province, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Rui-Ting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fish Applied Biology and Aquaculture in North China, Liaoning Province, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hui-Qian Lü
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fish Applied Biology and Aquaculture in North China, Liaoning Province, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jie Gu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fish Applied Biology and Aquaculture in North China, Liaoning Province, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fish Applied Biology and Aquaculture in North China, Liaoning Province, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jie-Lan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fish Applied Biology and Aquaculture in North China, Liaoning Province, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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Ruscica M, Ferri N, Macchi C, Corsini A, Sirtori CR. Lipid lowering drugs and inflammatory changes: an impact on cardiovascular outcomes? Ann Med 2018; 50:461-484. [PMID: 29976096 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2018.1498118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory changes are responsible for maintenance of the atherosclerotic process and may underlie some of the most feared vascular complications. Among the multiple mechanisms of inflammation, the arterial deposition of lipids and particularly of cholesterol crystals is the one responsible for the activation of inflammasome NLRP3, followed by the rise of circulating markers, mainly C-reactive protein (CRP). Elevation of lipoproteins, LDL but also VLDL and remnants, associates with increased inflammatory changes and coronary risk. Lipid lowering medications can reduce cholesterolemia and CRP: patients with elevations of both are at greatest cardiovascular (CV) risk and receive maximum benefit from therapy. Evaluation of the major drug series indicates that statins exert the largest LDL and CRP reduction, accompanied by reduced CV events. Other drugs, mainly active on the triglyceride/HDL axis, for example, PPAR agonists, may improve CRP and the lipid pattern, especially in patients with metabolic syndrome. PCSK9 antagonists, the newest most potent medications, do not induce significant changes in inflammatory markers, but patients with the highest baseline CRP levels show the best CV risk reduction. Parallel evaluation of lipids and inflammatory changes clearly indicates a significant link, both guiding to patients at highest risk, and to the best pharmacological approach. Key messages Lipid lowering agents with "pleiotropic" effects provide a more effective approach to CV prevention In CANTOS study, patients achieving on-treatment hsCRP concentrations ≤2 mg/L had a higher benefit in terms of reduction in major CV events The anti-inflammatory activity of PCSK9 antagonists appears to be of a minimal extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ruscica
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - N Ferri
- b Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - C Macchi
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - A Corsini
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - C R Sirtori
- c Centro Dislipidemie , A.S.S.T. Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda , Milan , Italy
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Ganjali S, Gotto AM, Ruscica M, Atkin SL, Butler AE, Banach M, Sahebkar A. Monocyte-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio as a prognostic marker in cardiovascular diseases. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9237-9246. [PMID: 30076716 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and lipid accumulation are two basic hallmarks of atherosclerosis as a chronic disease. Inflammation not only is a local response but can also be considered as a systemic process followed by an elevation of inflammatory mediators. Monocytes are a major source of proinflammatory species during atherogenesis. In atherosclerosis, modified low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are removed by macrophages; these are recruited in the vessel wall, inducing the release of inflammatory cytokines in inflamed tissue. Hence, inflammatory cholesterol ester-loaded plaque is generated. High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) exhibits antiatherosclerotic effects by neutralizing the proinflammatory and pro-oxidant effects of monocytes via inhibiting the migration of macrophages and LDL oxidation in addition to the efflux of cholesterol from these cells. Furthermore, HDL plays a role in suppressing the activation of monocytes and proliferation-differentiation of monocyte progenitor cells. Thus, accumulation of monocytes and reduction of HDL-C may participate in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Given that the relationship between the high number of monocytes and low HDL-C levels has been reported in inflammatory disorders, this review focused on understanding whether the monocyte-to-HDL ratio could be a convenient marker to predict atherosclerosis development and progression, hallmarks of CV events, instead of the individual monocyte count or HDL-C level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Ganjali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alexandra E Butler
- Life Sciences Research Division, Anti-Doping Laboratory Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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18
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Icli A, Cure E, Cure MC, Uslu AU, Balta S, Mikhailidis DP, Ozturk C, Arslan S, Sakız D, Sahin M, Kucuk A. Endocan Levels and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Angiology 2016; 67:749-55. [PMID: 26614790 DOI: 10.1177/0003319715616240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. A major cause of morbidity and mortality in SLE is accelerated atherosclerosis. Endothelial-specific molecule 1 (endocan) is a potential predictor of vascular events and is expressed in response to inflammatory cytokines in endothelial cells. We investigated the relationship between endocan and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) as a marker of early atherosclerosis. We included 44 women with SLE and 44 healthy women as controls. Disease severity of SLE was evaluated using the SLE Disease Activity Index. Endocan, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and lipid panel were measured. The cIMT was 0.70 (range: 0.45-1.20) mm in patients with SLE and 0.40 (0.25-0.60) mm in controls (P < .001). Endocan value was 1.6 ± 0.9 ng/mL in controls and 2.2 ± 1.0 ng/mL in patients with SLE (P = .014). Endocan levels were positively correlated with cIMT (r = .469, P < .001), body mass index (r = .373, P = .013), and ESR (r = .393, P = .008). Endocan level may be associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in SLE. Consequently, endocan levels may be a promising clinical tool for patients with SLE as a guide for preventive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Icli
- Department of Cardiology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Erkan Cure
- Department of Internal Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Medine Cumhur Cure
- Department of Biochemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ali Ugur Uslu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eskisehir Military Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Sevket Balta
- Department of Cardiology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University College London Medical School London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cengiz Ozturk
- Department of Cardiology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevket Arslan
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Davut Sakız
- Department of Internal Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Sahin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Patnos State Hospital, Agri, Turkey
| | - Adem Kucuk
- Division of Rheumatology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Richards L, Li M, van Esch B, Garssen J, Folkerts G. The effects of short-chain fatty acids on the cardiovascular system. PHARMANUTRITION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Plasma-derived and synthetic high-density lipoprotein inhibit tissue factor in endothelial cells and monocytes. Biochem J 2016; 473:211-9. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20151000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Atheroprotection mediated by high-density lipoproteins could also be related to their ability to inhibit the expression of tissue factor, the main activator of the coagulation cascade, in endothelial cells and in monocytes.
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Low serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration is an independent predictor for enhanced inflammation and endothelial activation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116867. [PMID: 25614985 PMCID: PMC4304817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation, endothelial activation and oxidative stress have been established as key events in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) is protective against atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, but its association with inflammation, endothelial activation and oxidative stress is not well established. Objectives (1) To compare the concentrations of biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial activation and oxidative stress in subjects with low HDL-c compared to normal HDL-c; (2) To examine the association and correlation between HDL-c and these biomarkers and (3) To determine whether HDL-c is an independent predictor of these biomarkers. Methods 422 subjects (mean age±SD = 43.2±11.9years) of whom 207 had low HDL-c concentrations (HDL-c <1.0mmol/L and <1.3mmol/L for males and females respectively) and 215 normal controls (HDL-c ≥1.0 and ≥1.3mmol/L for males and females respectively) were recruited in this study. The groups were matched for age, gender, ethnicity, smoking status, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Fasting blood samples were collected for analysis of biomarkers of inflammation [high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6)], endothelial activation [soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and E-selectin)] and oxidative stress [F2-Isoprostanes, oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and Malondialdehyde (MDA)]. Results Subjects with low HDL-c had greater concentrations of inflammation, endothelial activation and oxidative stress biomarkers compared to controls. There were negative correlations between HDL-c concentration and biomarkers of inflammation (IL-6, p = 0.02), endothelial activation (sVCAM-1 and E-selectin, p = 0.029 and 0.002, respectively), and oxidative stress (MDA and F2-isoprostane, p = 0.036 and <0.0001, respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis showed HDL-c as an independent predictor of IL-6 (p = 0.02) and sVCAM-1 (p<0.03) after correcting for various confounding factors. Conclusion Low serum HDL-c concentration is strongly correlated with enhanced status of inflammation, endothelial activation and oxidative stress. It is also an independent predictor for enhanced inflammation and endothelial activation, which are pivotal in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis-related complications.
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Gomaraschi M, Adorni MP, Banach M, Bernini F, Franceschini G, Calabresi L. Effects of established hypolipidemic drugs on HDL concentration, subclass distribution, and function. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 224:593-615. [PMID: 25523003 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09665-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of an inverse relationship between plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations and rates of cardiovascular disease has led to the concept that increasing plasma HDL-C levels would be protective against cardiovascular events. Therapeutic interventions presently available to correct the plasma lipid profile have not been designed to specifically act on HDL, but have modest to moderate effects on plasma HDL-C concentrations. Statins, the first-line lipid-lowering drug therapy in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention, have quite modest effects on plasma HDL-C concentrations (2-10%). Fibrates, primarily used to reduce plasma triglyceride levels, also moderately increase HDL-C levels (5-15%). Niacin is the most potent available drug in increasing HDL-C levels (up to 30%), but its use is limited by side effects, especially flushing.The present chapter reviews the effects of established hypolipidemic drugs (statins, fibrates, and niacin) on plasma HDL-C levels and HDL subclass distribution, and on HDL functions, including cholesterol efflux capacity, endothelial protection, and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gomaraschi
- Center E. Grossi Paoletti, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy,
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Aguilar EC, Leonel AJ, Teixeira LG, Silva AR, Silva JF, Pelaez JMN, Capettini LSA, Lemos VS, Santos RAS, Alvarez-Leite JI. Butyrate impairs atherogenesis by reducing plaque inflammation and vulnerability and decreasing NFκB activation. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:606-613. [PMID: 24602606 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Butyrate is a four-carbon fatty acid that presents anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and apoptotic properties in colon and several cell lines. Because atherosclerosis has important oxidative and inflammatory components, butyrate could reduce oxidation and inflammation, impairing atherogenesis. We evaluated the effects of butyrate supplementation of butyrate on atherosclerosis and its mechanisms of action. METHODS AND RESULTS ApoE knockout mice were fed on chow diet or 1% butyrate-supplemented chow diet (Butyrate) for 10 weeks to assess atherosclerosis lesions area and inflammatory status. Macrophage and endothelial cells were also pretreated with butyrate (0.5 mM) for 2 h before oxLDL stimulation to study oxLDL uptake and pro and anti-inflammatory cytokine production. Butyrate reduced atherosclerosis in the aorta by 50%. In the aortic valve, butyrate reduced CCL2, VCAM1 and MMP2 productions in the lesion site, resulting in a lower migration of macrophage and increased collagen depositions in the lesion and plaque stability. When EA.hy926 cells were pretreated with butyrate, oxLDL uptake, CD36, VCAM1, CCL2 TNF, IL1β and IL6 productions were reduced, whereas IL10 production was increased. These effects were accompanied by a lower activation of NFκB due to a lower nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit. CONCLUSION Oral butyrate is able to slow the progression of atherosclerosis by reducing adhesion and migration of macrophages and increasing plaque stability. These actions are linked to the reduction of CD36 in macrophages and endothelial cells, decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and lower activation of NFκB all of these data support a possible role for butyrate as an atheroprotective agent.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/metabolism
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Antioxidants/metabolism
- Antioxidants/therapeutic use
- Aorta/immunology
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Valve/immunology
- Aortic Valve/metabolism
- Aortic Valve/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/diet therapy
- Atherosclerosis/immunology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/physiopathology
- Butyric Acid/metabolism
- Butyric Acid/therapeutic use
- CD36 Antigens/antagonists & inhibitors
- CD36 Antigens/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Line
- Cell Movement
- Cell Nucleus
- Cells, Cultured
- Dietary Supplements
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Humans
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/etiology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/prevention & control
- Protein Transport
- Transcription Factor RelA/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A J Leonel
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L G Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A R Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J F Silva
- Department of Pharmagology of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J M N Pelaez
- Department of Pharmagology of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L S A Capettini
- Department of Pharmagology of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - V S Lemos
- Department of Pharmagology of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R A S Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J I Alvarez-Leite
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Haro A, Saxlin T, Suominen AL, Ylöstalo P, Leiviskä J, Tervonen T, Knuuttila M. Serum lipids modify periodontal infection - C-reactive protein association. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39:817-23. [PMID: 22780440 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2012.01920.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether low-grade inflammation-related factors such as serum low-density (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) modify the association between periodontal infection and C-reactive protein. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study was based on a subpopulation of the Health 2000 Survey, which consisted of dentate, non-diabetic, non-rheumatic subjects who were 30-49 years old (n = 2710). The extent of periodontal infection was measured by means of the number of teeth with periodontal pocket ≥4 mm and teeth with periodontal pocket ≥6 mm and systemic inflammation using high sensitive C-reactive protein. RESULTS The extent of periodontal infection was associated with elevated levels of C-reactive protein among those subjects whose HDL-C value was below the median value of 1.3 mmol/l or LDL-C above the median value of 3.4 mmol/l. Among those with HDL-C ≥ 1.3 mmol/l or LDL-C ≤ 3.4 mmol/l, the association between periodontal infection and serum concentrations of C-reactive protein was practically non-existent. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the relation of periodontal infection to the systemic inflammatory condition is more complicated than previously presumed. The findings of this study suggest that the possible systemic effect of periodontal infection is dependent on serum lipid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina Haro
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Finland
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Dizdarević-Hudić L, Kusljugić Z, Baraković F, Brkić S, Sabitović D, Jahić E, Isabegović M, Smajić E, Hudić I, Divković K. Correlation between interleukin 6 and interleukin 10 in acute myocardial infarction. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2010; 9:301-6. [PMID: 20001996 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2009.2784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze (i) ratios between pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1 (IL-1), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stable angina pectoris (ii) as well as correlation between IL-6 and IL-10 in AMI and (iii) correlation between IL-6 and lipoproteins in AMI.The total of 71 patients were enrolled in this study, 41 of them with AMI (study group) and 30 with stable angina pectoris (control group). The concentrations of cytokines and lipoproteins were measured from blood samples. Pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokine ratios were calculated by dividing concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines with IL-10. In statistical analyses we used descriptive statistics, normality tests and analysis of correlation.IL-6: IL-10 ratio is significantly higher in AMI than in stable angina (P < 0,001), TNF-alpha: IL-10 is also higher in study group but the difference is not significant. We found positive linear correlation between IL-6 and IL-10 (r =0,43; p = 0,015) and negative linear correlation between IL-6 and high density lipoprotein HDL (r = -0,47; p= 0,008) in AMI.IL-6: IL-10 ratio is higher in AMI than in stable angina. There is linear correlation between IL-6 and IL-10 and IL-6 and HDL in AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Dizdarević-Hudić
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Clinics Centre Tuzla, Trnovac bb, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Structure and function of the apoA-IV T347S and Q360H common variants. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 393:126-30. [PMID: 20117098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) is involved in chylomicron assembly and secretion, and in reverse cholesterol transport. Several apoA-IV isoforms exist, the most common in Caucasian populations being apoA-IV-1a (T347S) and apoA-IV-2 (Q360H). The objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of these common aminoacid substitutions on the ability of apoA-IV to bind lipids, to promote cell cholesterol efflux via ABCA1, and to maintain endothelial homeostasis. Recombinant forms of wild-type apoA-IV, apoA-IV Q360H, and apoA-IV T347S were produced in Escherichia coli. ApoA-IV Q360H and apoA-IV T347S showed a slightly higher alpha-helical content compared to wild-type apoA-IV, and associated with phospholipids faster than wild-type apoA-IV. The capacity to promote ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux was significantly greater for the apoA-IV T347S than the other apoA-IV isoforms. No differences were observed in the ability of apoA-IV isoforms to inhibit the production of VCAM-1 and IL-6 in TNFalpha-stimulated endothelial cells. In conclusion, the apoA-IV T347S common variant has increased lipid binding properties and cholesterol efflux capacity, while the apoA-IV Q360H variant has only slightly increased lipid binding properties. The two common aminoacid substitutions have no effect on the ability of apoA-IV to maintain endothelial homeostasis.
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Steiner G, Urowitz MB. Lipid Profiles in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Mechanisms and the Impact of Treatment. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2009; 38:372-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2008.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Revised: 01/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Gomaraschi M, Sinagra G, Serdoz LV, Pitzorno C, Fonda M, Cattin L, Calabresi L, Franceschini G. The plasma concentration of Lpa-I:A-II particles as a predictor of the inflammatory response in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis 2009; 202:304-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Conca P, Franceschini G. Synthetic HDL as a new treatment for atherosclerosis regression: has the time come? Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2008; 18:329-335. [PMID: 18378129 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Revised: 11/09/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has received considerable attention as a potential therapeutic target to further reduce cardiovascular events in the statin era. One therapeutic approach to enhance HDL-mediated atheroprotection involves the use of small, synthetic and orally-active compounds that substantially raise plasma HDL-C levels. However, doubts on the clinical benefit achievable with such treatments have been raised by the premature termination of a large Phase III trial with torcetrapib, the most potent and furthest developed HDL-C raising compound, because of excess mortality in patients receiving the drug. The alternative is the direct administration of synthetic HDL (sHDL), discoidal lipoprotein particles which mimic most, if not all, of the atheroprotective properties of plasma HDL. Short-term treatments with sHDL of different composition caused consistent and remarkable reductions of atheroma volume in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Although at early stages of drug development, sHDL hold vast promise for plaque stabilization/regression, and cardiovascular event reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Conca
- Center E. Grossi Paoletti, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Gu SS, Shi N, Wu MP. The protective effect of ApolipoproteinA-I on myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats. Life Sci 2007; 81:702-9. [PMID: 17698150 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2007] [Revised: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that reperfusion of heart is the optimal method for salvaging ischemic myocardium, however, the success of this therapy could be limited by reperfusion injury, which is involved in inflammatory responses. High density lipoprotein (HDL) has an anti-inflammatory function and can protect the heart from ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this study, we investigated the cardioprotective role of apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), the major apolipoprotein of HDL, in I/R injury. Using rats subjected to myocardial I/R by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), we found that administration of ApoA-I (20 mg/kg, iv) before the onset of reperfusion of myocardial infarction can significantly reduce serum creatine kinase (CK) levels (62.1+/-13.8%, p<0.01) and heart TNF-alpha as well as IL-6 levels, compared with saline controls (40.4+/-14.7%, 44+/-9.8%, p<0.01 respectively). Moreover, ApoA-I treatment suppresses the expression of ICAM-1 on endothelium, thus diminishing neutrophil adherence, transendothelial migration, and the subsequent myocyte injury. We concluded that ApoA-I could effectively protect rat heart from I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Gu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Gomaraschi M, Calabresi L, Franceschini G. High-density lipoproteins: a therapeutic target for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2007; 10:561-72. [PMID: 16848692 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.10.4.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite great progress being made during the last two decades in cardiovascular disease prevention, especially by lowering low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol with statins, cardiovascular events continue to occur. Plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) exerts multiple protective effects on the arterial wall, through promotion of reverse cholesterol transport, prevention of endothelial dysfunction and inhibition of lipid oxidation. Therapeutic interventions raising plasma HDL levels or directly mimicking its beneficial effects represent the next frontier in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gomaraschi
- Center E. Grossi Paoletti, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
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Kontush A, Chapman MJ. Functionally defective high-density lipoprotein: a new therapeutic target at the crossroads of dyslipidemia, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Pharmacol Rev 2006; 58:342-74. [PMID: 16968945 DOI: 10.1124/pr.58.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) possess key atheroprotective biological properties, including cellular cholesterol efflux capacity, and anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Plasma HDL particles are highly heterogeneous in physicochemical properties, metabolism, and biological activity. Within the circulating HDL particle population, small, dense HDL particles display elevated cellular cholesterol efflux capacity, afford potent protection of atherogenic low-density lipoprotein against oxidative stress and attenuate inflammation. The antiatherogenic properties of HDL can, however be compromised in metabolic diseases associated with accelerated atherosclerosis. Indeed, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes are characterized not only by elevated cardiovascular risk and by low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels but also by defective HDL function. Functional HDL deficiency is intimately associated with alterations in intravascular HDL metabolism and structure. Indeed, formation of HDL particles with attenuated antiatherogenic activity is mechanistically related to core lipid enrichment in triglycerides and cholesteryl ester depletion, altered apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) conformation, replacement of apoA-I by serum amyloid A, and covalent modification of HDL protein components by oxidation and glycation. Deficient HDL function and subnormal HDL-C levels may act synergistically to accelerate atherosclerosis in metabolic disease. Therapeutic normalization of attenuated antiatherogenic HDL function in terms of both particle number and quality of HDL particles is the target of innovative pharmacological approaches to HDL raising, including inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein, enhanced lipidation of apoA-I with nicotinic acid and infusion of reconstituted HDL or apoA-I mimetics. A preferential increase in circulating concentrations of HDL particles possessing normalized antiatherogenic activity is therefore a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of common metabolic diseases featuring dyslipidemia, inflammation, and premature atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatol Kontush
- Dyslipoproteinemia and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, National Institute for Health and Medical Research, Hôpital de la Pitié, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
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Kontush A, Chapman MJ. Antiatherogenic small, dense HDL--guardian angel of the arterial wall? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 3:144-53. [PMID: 16505860 DOI: 10.1038/ncpcardio0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2005] [Accepted: 12/15/2005] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the relationship between the atheroprotective activities of HDL and heterogeneity of HDL particles has advanced greatly. HDL particles are highly heterogeneous in structure, intravascular metabolism and antiatherogenic activity. In this review, we discuss new findings on the antiatherogenic properties of HDL particles. Small, dense HDL possesses potent antioxidative activity but this is compromised under conditions of atherogenic dyslipidemia. HDL functional deficiency frequently coincides with reductions in HDL-cholesterol concentration and alterations in HDL metabolism and structure. Formation of small, dense HDL particles with attenuated antiatherogenic activity can be mechanistically related to HDL enrichment in triglycerides and in serum amyloid A, depletion of cholesteryl esters, covalent modification of HDL apolipoproteins and attenuated antiatherogenic function of apolipoprotein AI. Low circulating levels of HDL cholesterol might, therefore, be associated with the defective functionality of small HDL particles of abnormal structure and composition. In common metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, deficiency of HDL particle number and function favor accelerated atherosclerosis. Therapeutic normalization of the quantity, quality and biological activities of HDL particles thus represents a novel approach to attenuating atherosclerosis in dyslipidemic individuals with metabolic disease. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors, nicotinic acid, reconstituted HDL and other HDL-raising agents are being investigated. Induction of selective increase in the circulating concentrations of small, dense HDL3 particles with increased antiatherogenic activity seems especially promising, particularly for therapy of atherogenic dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatol Kontush
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Unité 551, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France.
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