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Functional differences between primary monocyte-derived and THP-1 macrophages and their response to LCPUFAs. PHARMANUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hoppenbrouwers T, Fogliano V, Garssen J, Pellegrini N, Willemsen LEM, Wichers HJ. Specific Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Can Modulate in vitro Human moDC2s and Subsequent Th2 Cytokine Release. Front Immunol 2020; 11:748. [PMID: 32431702 PMCID: PMC7212991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergy is becoming a rapidly increasing problem worldwide, and in vitro models are frequently used to study the mechanisms behind the different types of allergic response. The dendritic cell (DC)–T-cell model can be used to study sensitization. However, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is often used to maturate the DCs, but it gives rise to a DC1 phenotype, whereas Th2-driven inflammatory diseases such as allergy are characterized by the involvement of the DC2 phenotype. Our aim was to create a DC2–T-cell human model (human moDC2s) to study in vitro sensitization and validate the model using polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that were previously shown to have immunomodulatory properties. We found that the generated DC2s expressed OX40L and drove naive T-cells into IL-13 production of CD4+ effector T-cells. In line with in vivo findings, n−3 long-chain (LC)PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) effectively decreased the DC2's surface expression of OX40L, as well as the IL-12p40 and IL-23 cytokine production by DC2s and subsequently lowered IL-13 production by DC2-induced effector T-cells. Similar cytokine production effects were found with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (AA), whereas linoleic acid (LA) increased OX40L surface expression and subsequent T-cell-derived IL-13/IFNγ ratios, suggesting an increased risk of allergy development. Altogether, these data show that human moDC2s are able to induce Th2-type IL-13 secretion by T-cell differentiated in the presence of these DC2s and that this model can be differentially modulated by PUFAs. These results are in line with previous in vivo studies using PUFAs, indicating that this model may be of use to predict in vivo outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincenzo Fogliano
- Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Nutricia Research BV, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nicoletta Pellegrini
- Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Linette E M Willemsen
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Harry J Wichers
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Hoppenbrouwers T, Cvejić Hogervorst JH, Garssen J, Wichers HJ, Willemsen LEM. Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LCPUFAs) in the Prevention of Food Allergy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1118. [PMID: 31178862 PMCID: PMC6538765 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
N-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) are considered to possess protective properties for human health by impacting on immunological reactions. An “inflammation-suppressive” effect appears to be the common denominator of the beneficial effects of most of these dietary components which may protect against the development of chronic immune disorders such as (food) allergy. LCPUFAs, especially n-3 LCPUFAs, have been shown to interact with both the sensitization as well as the effector phase in food allergy in pre-clinical models. In this review, we explore the anti-allergic properties of LCPUFAs by providing an overview of clinical, in vivo and in vitro studies. Furthermore, we discuss the susceptibility of LCPUFAs to lipid oxidation and possible strategies to support the efficacy of LCPUFAs in reducing the allergy risk by using additional components with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capacities such as the flavonoid quercetin. Finally, we propose new strategies to prevent (food) allergy using combinations of LCPUFAs and additional nutrients in diets or supplements, and postulate to investigate the use of LCPUFAs in allergic symptom relief.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Johan Garssen
- Department of Immunology, Nutricia Research BV, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Harry J Wichers
- Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Linette E M Willemsen
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Abstract
The prevalence of food allergy is raising in industrialized countries, but the mechanisms behind this increased incidence are not fully understood. Environmental factors are believed to play a role in allergic diseases, including lifestyle influences, such as diet. There is a close relationship between allergens and lipids, with many allergenic proteins having the ability to bind lipids. Dietary lipids exert pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory functions on cells of the innate immunity and influence antigen presentation to cells of the adaptive immunity. In addition to modifying the immunostimulating properties of proteins, lipids also alter their digestibility and intestinal absorption, changing allergen bioavailability. This study provides an overview of the role of dietary lipids in food allergy, taking into account epidemiological information, as well as results of mechanistic investigations using in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro models. The emerging link among high-fat diets, obesity, and allergy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosina López-Fandiño
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
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A new method to evaluate anti-allergic effect of food component by measuring leukotriene B 4 from a mouse mast cell line. Cytotechnology 2017; 70:177-184. [PMID: 28852902 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs), chemical mediators produced by mast cells, play an important role in allergic symptoms such as food allergies and hay fever. We tried to construct an evaluation method for the anti-LTB4 activity of chemical substances using a mast cell line, PB-3c. PB-3c pre-cultured with or without arachidonic acid (AA) was stimulated by calcium ionophore (A23187) for 20 min, and LTB4 production by the cells was determined by HPLC with UV detection. LTB4 was not detected when PB-3c was pre-cultured without AA. On the other hand, LTB4 production by PB-3c pre-cultured with AA was detectable by HPLC, and the optimal conditions of PB-3c for LTB4 detection were to utilize the cells pre-cultured with 50 µM AA for 48 h. MK-886 (5-lipoxygenase inhibitor) completely inhibited LTB4 production, but AACOCF3 (phospholipase A2 inhibitor) slightly increased LTB4 production, suggesting that LTB4 was generated from exogenous free AA through 5-lipoxygenase pathway. We applied this technique to the evaluation of the anti-LTB4 activity of food components. PB-3c pre-cultured with 50 µM AA for 48 h was stimulated with A23187 in the presence of 50 µM soybean isoflavones (daidzin, genistin, daidzein, and genistein), equol, quercetin, or kaempferol. Genistein, equol, quercetin, and kaempferol strongly inhibited LTB4 production without cytotoxicity. These results suggest that a new assay system using PB-3c is convenient to evaluate LTB4 inhibition activity by food components. This method could be utilized for elucidation of the mechanisms of LTB4 release suppression by food components such as flavonoids and the structure-activity relationship.
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Wang X, Kulka M. n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids and mast cell activation. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 97:859-871. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2ru0814-388r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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van den Elsen LWJ, Bol-Schoenmakers M, van Esch BCAM, Hofman GA, van de Heijning BJM, Pieters RH, Smit JJ, Garssen J, Willemsen LEM. DHA-rich tuna oil effectively suppresses allergic symptoms in mice allergic to whey or peanut. J Nutr 2014; 144:1970-6. [PMID: 25342698 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.198515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supplementation with long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) has been found to reduce the development of allergic disease. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of fish oil diets rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3; EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA) in suppressing food allergic symptoms. METHODS Mice were fed a control diet (10% soybean oil) or fish oil diet rich in EPA (4% soybean oil + 6% EPA oil containing 28.8% EPA and 13.7% DHA) or DHA (4% soybean oil + 6% DHA oil containing 7% EPA and 27.8% DHA), starting 14 d before and for 5 wk during oral sensitization with peanut extract (PE) or whey. Acute allergic skin responses, serum immunoglobulins (Igs), and mucosal mast cell protease-1 (mmcp-1) were assessed. Hyperimmune serum was transferred to naive recipient mice fed the different diets. RESULTS The DHA diet effectively reduced the acute allergic skin response compared with the control or EPA diet in PE-allergic mice (control, 159 ± 15, or EPA, 129 ± 8, vs. DHA, 78 ± 7 μm; P < 0.0001 or P < 0.05, respectively). In contrast, both the DHA and EPA diets reduced the allergic skin response in whey allergic mice (control, 169 ± 9, vs. DHA, 91 ± 13, or EPA, 106 ± 14 μm; P < 0.001 or P < 0.01, respectively); however, only the DHA diet reduced mmcp-1 and whey-specific IgE and IgG1. The DHA and EPA diets also reduced the acute skin response in passively immunized mice. CONCLUSIONS The DHA-rich fish oil diet reduced allergic sensitization to whey and allergic symptoms in both PE- and whey-allergic mice. These data suggest that DHA-rich fish oil is useful as an intervention to prevent or treat food allergy symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Betty C A M van Esch
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science Nutricia Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard A Hofman
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science
| | | | - Raymond H Pieters
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Joost J Smit
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science Nutricia Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linette E M Willemsen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science
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Kim MC, Kim MG, Jo YS, Song HS, Eom TI, Sim SS. Effects of C18 Fatty Acids on Intracellular Ca(2+) Mobilization and Histamine Release in RBL-2H3 Cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 18:241-7. [PMID: 24976764 PMCID: PMC4071177 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.3.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the underlying mechanisms of C18 fatty acids (stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid) on mast cells, we measured the effect of C18 fatty acids on intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and histamine release in RBL-2H3 mast cells. Stearic acid rapidly increased initial peak of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, whereas linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid gradually increased this mobilization. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, stearic acid (100 µM) did not cause any increase of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Both linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid increased intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, but the increase was smaller than that in the presence of extracellular Ca2+. These results suggest that C18 fatty acid-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization is mainly dependent on extracellular Ca2+ influx. Verapamil dose-dependently inhibited stearic acid-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, but did not affect both linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. These data suggest that the underlying mechanism of stearic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid on intracellular Ca2+ mobilization may differ. Linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid significantly increased histamine release. Linoleic acid (C18:2: ω-6)-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and histamine release were more prominent than α-linolenic acid (C18:3: ω-3). These data support the view that the intake of more α-linolenic acid than linoleic acid is useful in preventing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Chul Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Min Gyu Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Young Soo Jo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Ho Sun Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Tae In Eom
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Sang Soo Sim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
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n-3 Long-chain PUFA reduce allergy-related mediator release by human mast cells in vitro via inhibition of reactive oxygen species. Br J Nutr 2012; 109:1821-31. [PMID: 23021516 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512003959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Increased n-6 and reduced n-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) intake in Western diets may contribute to the increased prevalence of allergic diseases. Key effector cells in allergy are mast cells (MC). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of n-6 v. n-3 LC-PUFA on MC phenotype. Human MC lines (LAD2 and HMC-1) were incubated for 24 h with either arachidonic acid (AA, n-6 LC-PUFA) or the n-3 LC-PUFA EPA or DHA. The effects of these three LC-PUFA on degranulation, mediator secretion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were assessed. ROS, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) or NF-κB inhibitors were used to unravel signalling pathways involved in cytokine secretion. AA, EPA or DHA did not reduce IgE-mediated degranulation by LAD2 cells. However, AA increased PGD₂ and TNF-α secretion by ionomycin/phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated HMC-1, whereas EPA and DHA more prominently inhibited IL-4 and IL-13 secretion. Suppression of IL-4 and IL-13 release by LC-PUFA correlated with reduced ROS generation. IL-4 and IL-13 release by activated HMC-1 was abrogated using ROS inhibitors. Inhibition of MAPK signalling, but not NF-κB, downstream of ROS reduced IL-13 secretion by activated HMC-1. Combined incubation of EPA or DHA with MAPK inhibitors further suppressed IL-13 secretion. In conclusion, the n-6 LC-PUFA AA enhanced pro-inflammatory mediator production by MC, while the n-3 LC-PUFA EPA as well as DHA more effectively suppressed ROS generation and IL-4 and IL-13 release. This suggests that dietary supplementation with EPA and/or DHA may alter the MC phenotype, contributing to a reduced susceptibility to develop and sustain allergic disease.
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Moreno-Sanchez D, Hernandez-Ruiz L, Ruiz FA, Docampo R. Polyphosphate is a novel pro-inflammatory regulator of mast cells and is located in acidocalcisomes. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:28435-44. [PMID: 22761438 PMCID: PMC3436523 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.385823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphosphate (polyP) is a pro-inflammatory agent and a potent modulator of the human blood-clotting system. The presence of polyP of 60 phosphate units was identified in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) mast cells using specific enzymatic assays, urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cell extracts, and staining of cells with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and the polyP-binding domain of Escherichia coli exopolyphosphatase. PolyP co-localizes with serotonin- but not with histamine-containing granules. PolyP levels greatly decreased in mast cells stimulated to degranulate by IgE. Mast cell granules were isolated and found to be acidic and decrease their polyP content upon alkalinization. In agreement with these results, when RBL-2H3 mast cells were loaded with the fluorescent calcium indicator fura-2 acetoxymethyl ester to measure their intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), they were shown to possess a significant amount of Ca(2+) stored in an acidic compartment different from lysosomes. PolyP derived from RBL-2H3 mast cells stimulated bradykinin formation, and it was also detected in human basophils. All of these characteristics of mast cell granules, together with their known elemental composition, and high density, are similar to those of acidocalcisomes. The results suggest that mast cells polyP could be an important mediator of their pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Moreno-Sanchez
- From the Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain and
- the Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Laura Hernandez-Ruiz
- From the Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain and
- the Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Felix A. Ruiz
- From the Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain and
| | - Roberto Docampo
- the Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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Finotello R, Pasquini A, Meucci V, Lippi I, Rota A, Guidi G, Marchetti V. redox status evaluation in dogs affected by mast cell tumour. Vet Comp Oncol 2012; 12:120-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2012.00343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Finotello
- Department of Veterinary Clinics; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital; University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
| | - A. Pasquini
- Department of Veterinary Clinics; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - V. Meucci
- Department of Veterinary Clinics; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - I. Lippi
- Department of Veterinary Clinics; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - A. Rota
- Department of Veterinary Clinics; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - G. Guidi
- Department of Veterinary Clinics; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - V. Marchetti
- Department of Veterinary Clinics; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
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Chen HJ, Lo YC, Chiang W. Inhibitory effects of adlay bran (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) on chemical mediator release and cytokine production in rat basophilic leukemia cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:119-127. [PMID: 22353428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Adlay (Job's tears, Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) has long been used in China to treat rheumatism. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the anti-allergic effects of adlay bran on rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS To evaluate the anti-allergic effects of adlay bran, the release of histamines and cytokines were measured using ELISA. To explore the mechanism of these effects, the protein expression levels were determined using western blotting. RESULTS A 40.8μg/mL concentration of the ethyl acetate fraction of the ethanolic extracts of adlay bran (ABE-EtOAc) effectively inhibited mast cell degranulation. The 40-100% EtOAc/Hex subfractions of ABE-EtOAc inhibited histamine release with an IC(50) of 71-87μg/mL. Moreover, the ABE-EtOAc subfractions suppressed the secretion of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the RBL-2H3 cells, indicating that adlay bran can inhibit cytokine secretion in the late phase of the allergic reaction. In addition, adlay bran reduced the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species, inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and decreased the expression of protein kinase C. Furthermore, six phenolic acids and one flavone were isolated. Of these compounds, luteolin showed the most potent inhibitory activity (IC(50)=1.5μg/mL). CONCLUSION Adlay bran extract reduced the release of histamines and cytokines and suppressed the production of Akt. These combined effects influenced the signal transduction in RBL-2H3 cells, thereby revealing the mechanisms of the anti-allergic effects of adlay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jhang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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SAKAI S, KOMURA Y, NISHIMURA Y, SUGAWARA T, HIRATA T. Inhibition of Mast Cell Degranulation by Phycoerythrin and Its Pigment Moiety Phycoerythrobilin, Prepared from Porphyra yezoensis. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.17.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shota SAKAI
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Yukako KOMURA
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Yuki NISHIMURA
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Tatsuya SUGAWARA
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Takashi HIRATA
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
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Schmutzler S, Bachmann L, Fuhrmann H, Schumann J. PUFA-dependent alteration of oxidative parameters of a canine mastocytoma cell line. Acta Vet Hung 2010; 58:453-64. [PMID: 21087915 DOI: 10.1556/avet.58.2010.4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells play a key role in the immune response. Thereby, the balance of oxidative metabolism is of importance in mast cell mediator synthesis and release. Fatty acids may modify mast cell function in several ways. In this study, we investigated the influence of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on oxidative parameters of a canine mastocytoma cell line. C2 cells were cultured in media supplemented with linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, alpha-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, respectively. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as lipid peroxides was tested. Furthermore, stressor-induced DNA damage was measured. Exposure of the cells to PUFAs resulted in a significant increase in the synthesis of both ROS and lipid peroxides. Distinct differences between the PUFAs tested underline the impact of the unsaturation degree of fatty acids as well as the position of double bonds on mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schmutzler
- 1 University of Leipzig Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine An den Tierkliniken 1 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Lisa Bachmann
- 1 University of Leipzig Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine An den Tierkliniken 1 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Herbert Fuhrmann
- 1 University of Leipzig Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine An den Tierkliniken 1 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Julia Schumann
- 1 University of Leipzig Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine An den Tierkliniken 1 04103 Leipzig Germany
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Sakai S, Sugawara T, Kishi T, Yanagimoto K, Hirata T. Effect of glucosamine and related compounds on the degranulation of mast cells and ear swelling induced by dinitrofluorobenzene in mice. Life Sci 2010; 86:337-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Boudry G, Douard V, Mourot J, Lallès JP, Le Huërou-Luron I. Linseed oil in the maternal diet during gestation and lactation modifies fatty acid composition, mucosal architecture, and mast cell regulation of the ileal barrier in piglets. J Nutr 2009; 139:1110-7. [PMID: 19403717 DOI: 10.3945/jn.108.102640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of supplementation of the maternal diet with linseed oil [rich in 18:3(n-3)] on fatty acid composition, mucosal architecture, and mast cell regulation of barrier function in piglet ileum. Sixteen sows were fed a lard (LAR)- or a linseed oil (LSO)-based diet during gestation and lactation. Fatty acid composition of maternal RBC at parturition and of milk at d 14 of lactation were determined. Fatty acid composition, villous-crypt structure, and permeability to horseradish peroxidase in Ussing chambers after mast cell degranulation were determined in the ileum of piglets at d 0, 7, and 28. At d 0, 18:3(n-3) and 20:5(n-3) levels were higher, but 22:6(n-3) and 20:4(n-6) levels were lower in both maternal RBC and piglet ileum of the LSO group. Levels of 18:3(n-3) were also higher in the milk of LSO sows. Levels of 18:3(n-3) were higher in LSO piglet ileum at d 7 and 28. Moreover, at d 28, 20:4(n-6) ileal levels tended (P = 0.09) to be lower in LSO than in LAR piglets, in parallel with a lower mRNA expression of Delta5 desaturase. LSO piglets had shorter villi at d 0 and shorter crypts at d 7 compared with LAR piglets. The effect of mast cell degranulation on ileal permeability decreased with age in both groups but reached a minimum sooner in the LSO group (d 7) than in the LAR group (d 28). In conclusion, linseed oil supplementation of the maternal diet profoundly modifies the fatty acid composition, structure, and physiology of the offspring ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Boudry
- INRA, UMR1079, Systèmes d'Elevage, Nutrition Animale et Humaine, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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17
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Suzuki Y, Yoshimaru T, Inoue T, Ra C. Discrete generations of intracellular hydrogen peroxide and superoxide in antigen-stimulated mast cells: reciprocal regulation of store-operated Ca2+ channel activity. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:2200-9. [PMID: 19467708 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells and T cells produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) after stimulation with the high-affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilon RI) and T cell receptor. A growing body of evidence suggests the existence of ROS-regulated intracellular and/or plasma membrane Ca(2+) channels in these cells but their molecular entities remain to be identified. Here, we report that store-operated Ca(2+) channel (SOC) activity is regulated by superoxide (O(2)(*-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in mast cells. MnTBaP (Mn(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin) and ebselen (2-phenyl-1,2-benziso-selenazol-3(2H)-one) selectively blocked the generation of O(2)(*-) and H(2)O(2), respectively, in antigen-stimulated cells. The H(2)O(2) generation was dependent on the Src family kinase (SFK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) activities but independent of extracellular Ca(2+), and the Fc epsilon RI beta-chain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif played an essential role. On the other hand, O(2)(*-) generation was strictly dependent on extracellular Ca(2+), but negatively regulated by the SFK and PI3K activities. Inhibition of O(2)(*-) generation resulted in increased H(2)O(2) generation and reduced SOC activity, although it had a minimal effect on endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) store depletion. On the contrary, inhibition of H(2)O(2) generation resulted in increased intracellular O(2)(*-) generation and augmented SOC activity. The findings suggest that O(2)(*-) and H(2)O(2), which are generated by separate signaling pathways/sources, reciprocally regulate SOC activity in mast cells. Such generations of multiple oxidant species and their distinct roles in the regulation of SOC activity may facilitate the fine tuning of Ca(2+) signaling in mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Cell Immunology and Allergology, Nihon University Graduate School of Medical Science, 30-1 Oyaguchikami-cho Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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18
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Tang F, Chen Z, Ciszewski C, Setty M, Solus J, Tretiakova M, Ebert E, Han J, Lin A, Guandalini S, Groh V, Spies T, Green P, Jabri B. Cytosolic PLA2 is required for CTL-mediated immunopathology of celiac disease via NKG2D and IL-15. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 206:707-19. [PMID: 19237603 PMCID: PMC2699120 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20071887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
IL-15 and NKG2D promote autoimmunity and celiac disease by arming cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to cause tissue destruction. However, the downstream signaling events underlying these functional properties remain unclear. Here, we identify cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) as a central molecule in NKG2D-mediated cytolysis in CTLs. Furthermore, we report that NKG2D induces, upon recognition of MIC+ target cells, the release of arachidonic acid (AA) by CTLs to promote tissue inflammation in association with target killing. Interestingly, IL-15, which licenses NKG2D-mediated lymphokine killer activity in CTLs, cooperates with NKG2D to induce cPLA2 activation and AA release. Finally, cPLA2 activation in intraepithelial CTLs of celiac patients provides an in vivo pathophysiological dimension to cPLA2 activation in CTLs. These results reveal an unrecognized link between NKG2D and tissue inflammation, which may underlie the emerging role of NKG2D in various immunopathological conditions and define new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangming Tang
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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19
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Nakano N, Nishiyama C, Tokura T, Nagasako-Akazome Y, Ohtake Y, Okumura K, Ogawa H. Procyanidin C1 from apple extracts inhibits Fc epsilon RI-mediated mast cell activation. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2008; 147:213-21. [PMID: 18594151 DOI: 10.1159/000142044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyphenol-enriched fractions, which are extracted from unripe apples (Rosaceae, Malus spp.), consisting of procyanidins (polymers of catechins) are known to have an anti-allergenic effect on patients with various allergic diseases. Although it has been reported that apple extracts inhibit histamine release from mast cells, the molecular mechanisms for this anti-allergenic effect are not well understood. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which apple extracts induce their anti-allergenic effects, the effects of purified apple extract components on high-affinity receptors for IgE (Fc epsilon RI)-mediated mast cell activation were investigated. METHODS The anti-allergic effect of oral administration of apple procyanidin extracts on passive cutaneous anaphylactic responses of BALB/c mice was assessed. We evaluated the effects of procyanidin C1 (PC1) [epicatechin-(4beta-->8)-epicatechin-(4beta-->8)-epicatechin], a component of the procyanidin fraction, on mouse bone-marrow-derived mast cell degranulation, cytokine production, protein tyrosine phosphorylation and on the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) of cells stimulated by Fc epsilon RI cross-linking in vitro. RESULTS In an in vivo study, oral administration of the procyanidin fraction suppressed the mast-cell-dependent allergic reaction. In in vitro studies, PC1 dose-dependently decreased Fc epsilon RI-mediated degranulation and cytokine production of mast cells. Furthermore, PC1 inhibited tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk and linker for activation of T cells, and the ROS generation in stimulated mast cells. CONCLUSIONS PC1 suppresses Fc epsilon RI-mediated mast cell activation by inhibiting intracellular signaling pathways. These observations provide evidence for the anti-allergenic effects of the procyanidin-enriched apple extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Nakano
- Atopy Allergy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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20
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Yamamoto N, Kaneko I, Motohashi K, Sakagami H, Adachi Y, Tokuda N, Sawada T, Furukawa H, Ueyama Y, Fukunaga K, Ono M, Kondo H, Owada Y. Fatty acid-binding protein regulates LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in mast cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2008; 79:21-6. [PMID: 18678477 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Revised: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing evidence for the involvement of fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) in the cytokine production of macrophages and dendritic cells probably through the control of cellular lipid metabolism and signal transduction. Since mast cells (MCs) are recently shown to be involved in immune response through modification of cytokine production, it is possible that some FABPs could also be involved in the immune response of MCs. In this study, we found that epidermal-type FABP (E-FABP) was expressed in murine bone marrow-derived MCs (BMMCs). Using BMMCs from genetically E-FABP-null mutated mice, we demonstrated that E-FABP in BMMCs plays a key role in the production of TNF-alpha following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. In the in vivo septic peritonitis model (cecal ligation and puncture model), E-FABP-null mice showed a significantly increased mortality compared to wild-type mice. However, no significant difference in antigen-induced cytokine production was observed between wild-type and E-FABP-null BMMCs, and systemic anaphylaxis was equally induced in vivo in both wild-type and E-FABP-null mice. These results suggest that E-FABP is specifically involved in the LPS-induced cytokine production of MCs, and could play a role in the host-defense against bacterial infection, possibly through regulation of TNF-alpha production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Yamamoto
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami Kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan
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21
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Swindle EJ, Coleman JW, DeLeo FR, Metcalfe DD. FcepsilonRI- and Fcgamma receptor-mediated production of reactive oxygen species by mast cells is lipoxygenase- and cyclooxygenase-dependent and NADPH oxidase-independent. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:7059-71. [PMID: 17982097 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.10.7059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the enzymes responsible for FcepsilonRI-dependent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the influence of ROS on mast cell secretory responses. 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) was the primary enzyme involved in ROS production by human mast cells (huMC) and mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (mBMMC) following FcepsilonRI aggregation because incubation with 5-LO inhibitors (AA861, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, zileuton) but not a flavoenzyme inhibitor (diphenyleneiodonium) completely abrogated Ag-induced dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence. Furthermore, 5-LO-deficient mBMMC had greatly reduced FcepsilonRI-dependent DCF fluorescence compared with wild type mBMMC or those lacking a functional NADPH oxidase (i.e., gp91(phox)- or p47(phox)-deficient cells). A minor role for cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 in FcepsilonRI-dependent ROS production was demonstrated by inhibition of Ag-mediated DCF fluorescence by a COX-1 inhibitor (FR122047) and reduced DCF fluorescence in COX-1-deficient mBMMC. Complete abrogation of FcepsilonRI-dependent ROS production in mast cells had no effect on degranulation or cytokine secretion. In response to the NADPH oxidase-stimulating agents including PMA, mBMMC and huMC produced negligible ROS. IgG-coated latex beads did stimulate ROS production in huMC, and in this experiment 5-LO and COX again appeared to be the enzymatic sources of ROS. In contrast, IgG-coated latex bead-induced ROS production in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes occurred by the NADPH oxidase pathway. Thus mBMMC and huMC generate ROS by 5-LO and COX-1 in response to FcepsilonRI aggregation; huMC generate ROS upon exposure to IgG-coated latex beads by 5-LO and COX; and ROS appear to have no significant role in FcepsilonRI-dependent degranulation and cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Swindle
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1881, USA.
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22
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Swindle EJ, Metcalfe DD. The role of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in mast cell-dependent inflammatory processes. Immunol Rev 2007; 217:186-205. [PMID: 17498060 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2007.00513.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen oxide species (RNOS), including nitric oxide, are produced in cells by a variety of enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms. At high levels, both types of oxidants are used to kill ingested organisms within phagocytes. At low levels, RNOS may diffuse outside cells where they impact the vasculature and nervous system. Recent evidence suggests that low levels of ROS produced within cells are involved in cell signaling. Along with these physiological roles, many pathological conditions exist where detrimental high-level ROS and RNOS are produced. Many situations in which ROS/RNOS are associated also involve mast cell activation. In innate immunity, such mast cells are involved in the immune response toward pathogens. In acquired immunity, activation of mast cells by cross-linking of receptor-bound immunoglobulin E causes the release of mediators involved in the allergic inflammatory response. In this review, we describe the principle pathways for ROS and RNOS generation by cells and discuss the existence of such pathways in mast cells. In addition, we examine the evidence for a functional role for ROS and RNOS in mast cell secretory responses and discuss evidence for a direct relationship between ROS, RNOS, and mast cells in mast cell-dependent inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Swindle
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-6961, USA.
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23
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Teshima R, Amano F, Nakamura R, Tanaka Y, Sawada JI. Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on calcium response and degranulation from RBL-2H3 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2006; 7:205-10. [PMID: 17178388 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2006] [Revised: 09/21/2006] [Accepted: 09/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the biological activity of various polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on the allergic reaction, we examined the effects of six PUFAs and two saturated fatty acids on calcium response and degranulation from rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. Between 20 and 40 microM of six PUFAs (omega-6 series: arachidonic acid [AA, C20:4], gamma-linolenic acid [gamma-LN, C18:3] and linoleic acid [LA, C18:2]; omega-3 series: alpha-linolenic acids [alpha-LN, C18:3] and eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA, C20:5]; and omega-9 series: oleic acid [OLE, C18:1]), or two saturated fatty acids (stearic acid [STA, C18:0] and arachidic acid [AD, C20:0]) were used to examine the effects on calcium response and degranulation from RBL-2H3 cells. Calcium response was monitored using the fluorescent calcium indicator fura-2, while degranulation was monitored by measuring histamine release from the cells. Three omega-6 PUFAs (AA, alpha-LN and LA) dose-dependently increased the cytosolic free-calcium concentration and histamine release from RBL-2H3 cells. This phenomenon was specific to the omega-6 PUFAs, the omega-3 PUFAs (alpha-LA and EPA), omega-9 PUFA (OLE) and the saturated fatty acids (STA and AD) had no effect. The increase in the cytosolic free-calcium concentration caused by the omega-6 PUFAs depended on the existence of external calcium, cell viability and the cellular IP(3) levels remained unchanged throughout the experiment. These results suggest that omega-6 PUFAs work as direct mediators of calcium signaling pathways in RBL-2H3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Teshima
- Division of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Tokyo, Japan.
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