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Inamori KI, Inokuchi JI. Ganglioside GM3 Synthase Deficiency in Mouse Models and Human Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105368. [PMID: 35628171 PMCID: PMC9141422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides (glycosphingolipids containing one or more sialic acids) are highly expressed in neural tissues in vertebrates, and four species (GM1a, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b) are predominant in mammalian brains. GM3 is the precursor of each of these four species and is the major ganglioside in many nonneural tissues. GM3 synthase (GM3S), encoded by ST3GAL5 gene in humans, is a sialyltransferase responsible for synthesis of GM3 from its precursor, lactosylceramide. ST3GAL5 mutations cause an autosomal recessive form of severe infantile-onset neurological disease characterized by progressive microcephaly, intellectual disability, dyskinetic movements, blindness, deafness, intractable seizures, and pigment changes. Some of these clinical features are consistently present in patients with ST3GAL5 mutations, whereas others have variable expression. GM3S knockout (KO) mice have deafness and enhanced insulin sensitivity, but otherwise do not display the above-described neurological defects reported in ST3GAL5 patients. The authors present an overview of physiological functions and pathological aspects of gangliosides based on findings from studies of GM3S KO mice and discuss differential phenotypes of GM3S KO mice versus human GM3S-deficiency patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei-ichiro Inamori
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Miyagi, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.-i.I.); (J.-i.I.)
| | - Jin-ichi Inokuchi
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Miyagi, Japan
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.-i.I.); (J.-i.I.)
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2
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Howlader MA, Guo T, Chakraberty R, Cairo CW. Isoenzyme-Selective Inhibitors of Human Neuraminidases Reveal Distinct Effects on Cell Migration. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1328-1339. [PMID: 32310634 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The human neuraminidase enzymes (NEU1, NEU2, NEU3, and NEU4) are a class of enzymes implicated in pathologies including cancer and diabetes. Several reports have linked neuraminidase activity to the regulation of cell migration in cancer cells. Using an in vitro cell migration assay on fibronectin (FN) coated surfaces, we have investigated the role of these enzymes in integrin-mediated cell migration. We observed that neuraminidase inhibition caused significant retardation of cell migration in breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and prostate cancer (PC-3) cell lines when using inhibitors of NEU3 and NEU4. In contrast, inhibition of NEU1 caused a significant increase in cell migration for the same cell lines. We concluded that the blockade of human neuraminidase enzymes with isoenzyme-selective inhibitors can lead to disparate results and has significant potential in the development of anticancer or wound healing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Amran Howlader
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Tianlin Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Radhika Chakraberty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Christopher W. Cairo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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3
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Indellicato R, Parini R, Domenighini R, Malagolini N, Iascone M, Gasperini S, Masera N, dall’Olio F, Trinchera M. Total loss of GM3 synthase activity by a normally processed enzyme in a novel variant and in all ST3GAL5 variants reported to cause a distinct congenital disorder of glycosylation. Glycobiology 2019; 29:229-241. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Indellicato
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, via A. di Rudinì 8, Milano, Italy
| | - Rossella Parini
- Department of Pediatrics, University Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, San Gerardo Hospital, via Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milano, Italy
| | - Ruben Domenighini
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, via A. di Rudinì 8, Milano, Italy
| | - Nadia Malagolini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, via San Giacomo 14, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Iascone
- Laboratory of Genetics, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Piazza OMS 1, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Serena Gasperini
- Department of Pediatrics, University Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, San Gerardo Hospital, via Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Masera
- Department of Pediatrics, University Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, San Gerardo Hospital, via Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy
| | - Fabio dall’Olio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, via San Giacomo 14, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Trinchera
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DMC), University of Insubria, via JH Dunant 5, Varese, Italy
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4
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Trinchera M, Parini R, Indellicato R, Domenighini R, dall'Olio F. Diseases of ganglioside biosynthesis: An expanding group of congenital disorders of glycosylation. Mol Genet Metab 2018; 124:230-237. [PMID: 29983310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Among the numerous congenital disorders of glycosylation concerning glycoproteins, only a single mutation in ganglioside biosynthesis had been reported until a few years ago: one in the ST3GAL5 gene, encoding GM3 synthase. More recently, additional mutations in the same gene were reported, together with several distinct mutations in the B4GALNT1 gene, encoding GM2/GD2/GA2 synthase. Patients suffering from ST3GAL5 deficiency present a devastating syndrome characterized by early onset and dramatic neurological and cognitive impairment, sometimes associated with dyspigmentation and an increased blood lactate concentration. On the other hand, B4GALNT1 mutations give rise to a form of complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), previously referred to as HSP26. It is characterized by the late onset of lower limb weakness and mild to moderate intellectual impairment, which is usually not progressive. In addition to the most typical signs, some patients present ocular and endocrine signs, pes cavus, and psychiatric illness. Since the nineties, mice lacking genes for single glycosyltransferases involved in ganglioside biosynthesis, including ST3GAL5 and B4GALNT1, were created and studied. The resulting phenotypes were frequently mild or very mild, so double knock-out animals were created to effectively study the function of gangliosides. The main clinical and biochemical features of patients suffering from GM3 synthase or GM2/GD2/GA2 synthase deficiency, compared with the phenotypes described in mice that are null for single or multiple glycosyltransferase genes, provide suggestions to improve the recognition of novel mutations and potentially related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Trinchera
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DMC), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Rossella Parini
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione MBBM, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Rossella Indellicato
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Ruben Domenighini
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio dall'Olio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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5
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Altered (neo-) lacto series glycolipid biosynthesis impairs α2-6 sialylation on N-glycoproteins in ovarian cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45367. [PMID: 28358117 PMCID: PMC5371825 DOI: 10.1038/srep45367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The (neo-) lacto series glycosphingolipids (nsGSLs) comprise of glycan epitopes that are present as blood group antigens, act as primary receptors for human pathogens and are also increasingly associated with malignant diseases. Beta-1, 3-N-acetyl-glucosaminyl-transferase 5 (B3GNT5) is suggested as the key glycosyltransferase for the biosynthesis of nsGSLs. In this study, we investigated the impact of CRISPR-Cas9 -mediated gene disruption of B3GNT5 (∆B3GNT5) on the expression of glycosphingolipids and N-glycoproteins by utilizing immunostaining and glycomics-based PGC-UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS profiling. ∆B3GNT5 cells lost nsGSL expression coinciding with reduction of α2-6 sialylation on N-glycoproteins. In contrast, disruption of B4GALNT1, a glycosyltransferase for ganglio series GSLs did not affect α2-6 sialylation on N-glycoproteins. We further profiled all known
α2-6 sialyltransferase-encoding genes and showed that the loss of α2-6 sialylation is due to silencing of ST6GAL1 expression in ∆B3GNT5 cells. These results demonstrate that nsGSLs are part of a complex network affecting N-glycosylation in ovarian cancer cells.
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Lee H, Lee JK, Bae YC, Yang SH, Okino N, Schuchman EH, Yamashita T, Bae JS, Jin HK. Inhibition of GM3 synthase attenuates neuropathology of Niemann-Pick disease Type C. by affecting sphingolipid metabolism. Mol Cells 2014; 37:161-71. [PMID: 24599001 PMCID: PMC3935629 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2014.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In several lysosomal storage disorders, including Niemann-Pick disease Type C (NP-C), sphingolipids, including glycosphingolipids, particularly gangliosides, are the predominant storage materials in the brain, raising the possibility that accumulation of these lipids may be involved in the NP-C neurodegenerative process. However, correlation of these accumulations and NP-C neuropathology has not been fully characterized. Here we derived NP-C mice with complete and partial deletion of the Siat9 (encoding GM3 synthase) gene in order to investigate the role of ganglioside in NP-C pathogenesis. According to our results, NPC mice with homozygotic deletion of GM3 synthase exhibited an enhanced neuropathological phenotype and died significantly earlier than NP-C mice. Notably, in contrast to complete depletion, NP-C mice with partial deletion of the GM3 synthase gene showed ameliorated NP-C neuropathology, including motor disability, demyelination, and abnormal accumulation of cholesterol and sphingolipids. These findings indicate the crucial role of GM3 synthesis in the NP-C phenotype and progression of CNS pathologic abnormality, suggesting that well-controlled inhibition of GM3 synthesis could be used as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Lee
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Jong Kil Lee
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
- Department of Physiology, BK21 PLUS KNU Biomedical Convergence Program for Creative Talent, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-842,
Korea
| | - Yong Chul Bae
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-412,
Korea
| | - Song Hyun Yang
- Institute of Metabolism, Green Cross Reference Laboratory, Yongin 446-850,
Korea
| | - Nozomu Okino
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581,
Japan
| | - Edward H. Schuchman
- Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences & Gene and Cell Therapy, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York,
USA
| | - Tadashi Yamashita
- World Class University Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-842,
Korea
- Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University,
Japan
| | - Jae-sung Bae
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
- Department of Physiology, BK21 PLUS KNU Biomedical Convergence Program for Creative Talent, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-842,
Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Jin
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
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7
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Boccuto L, Aoki K, Flanagan-Steet H, Chen CF, Fan X, Bartel F, Petukh M, Pittman A, Saul R, Chaubey A, Alexov E, Tiemeyer M, Steet R, Schwartz CE. A mutation in a ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme, ST3GAL5, results in salt & pepper syndrome, a neurocutaneous disorder with altered glycolipid and glycoprotein glycosylation. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:418-33. [PMID: 24026681 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
'Salt & Pepper' syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, scoliosis, choreoathetosis, dysmorphic facial features and altered dermal pigmentation. High-density SNP array analysis performed on siblings first described with this syndrome detected four shared regions of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Whole-exome sequencing narrowed the candidate region to chromosome 2p11.2. Sanger sequencing confirmed a homozygous c.994G>A transition (p.E332K) in the ST3GAL5 gene, which encodes for a sialyltransferase also known as GM3 synthase. A different homozygous mutation of this gene has been previously associated with infantile-onset epilepsy syndromes in two other cohorts. The ST3GAL5 enzyme synthesizes ganglioside GM3, a glycosophingolipid enriched in neural tissue, by adding sialic acid to lactosylceramide. Unlike disorders of glycosphingolipid (GSL) degradation, very little is known regarding the molecular and pathophysiologic consequences of altered GSL biosynthesis. Glycolipid analysis confirmed a complete lack of GM3 ganglioside in patient fibroblasts, while microarray analysis of glycosyltransferase mRNAs detected modestly increased expression of ST3GAL5 and greater changes in transcripts encoding enzymes that lie downstream of ST3GAL5 and in other GSL biosynthetic pathways. Comprehensive glycomic analysis of N-linked, O-linked and GSL glycans revealed collateral alterations in response to loss of complex gangliosides in patient fibroblasts and in zebrafish embryos injected with antisense morpholinos that targeted zebrafish st3gal5 expression. Morphant zebrafish embryos also exhibited increased apoptotic cell death in multiple brain regions, emphasizing the importance of GSL expression in normal neural development and function.
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8
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Nagahori N, Yamashita T, Amano M, Nishimura SI. Effect of ganglioside GM3 synthase gene knockout on the glycoprotein N-glycan profile of mouse embryonic fibroblast. Chembiochem 2012; 14:73-82. [PMID: 23225753 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The structural and clinical significance of cellular glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are often separately discussed. Considering the biosynthetic pathway of glycoconjugates, glycans of cell-surface glycoproteins and GSLs might partially share functions in maintaining cellular homeostatis. The purpose of this study is to establish a general and comprehensive glycomics protocol for cellular GSLs and N-glycans of glycoproteins. To test the feasibility of a glycoblotting-based protocol, whole glycans released both from GSLs and glycoproteins were profiled concurrently by using GM3 synthase-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblast GM3(-/-). GM3(-/-) cells did not synthesize GM3 or any downstream product of GM3 synthase. Instead, expression levels of o-series gangliosides involving GM1-b and GD1-α increased dramatically, whereas a-/b-series gangliosides were predominantly detected in wild-type (WT) cells. We also discovered that glycoprotein N-glycan profiles of GM3(-/-) cells are significantly altered as compared to WT cells, although GM3 synthase is responsible only for GSLs synthesis and is not associated with glycoprotein N-glycan biosynthesis. The present approach allows for high-throughput profiling of cellular glycomes enriched by different classes of glycoconjugates, and our results demonstrated that gene knockout of the enzymes responsible for GSL biosynthesis significantly influences the N-glycans of glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Nagahori
- Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, and Frontier Research Center for the Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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Reiss K, Stencel JE, Liu Y, Blaum BS, Reiter DM, Feizi T, Dermody TS, Stehle T. The GM2 glycan serves as a functional coreceptor for serotype 1 reovirus. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1003078. [PMID: 23236285 PMCID: PMC3516570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral attachment to target cells is the first step in infection and also serves as a determinant of tropism. Like many viruses, mammalian reoviruses bind with low affinity to cell-surface carbohydrate receptors to initiate the infectious process. Reoviruses disseminate with serotype-specific tropism in the host, which may be explained by differential glycan utilization. Although α2,3-linked sialylated oligosaccharides serve as carbohydrate receptors for type 3 reoviruses, neither a specific glycan bound by any reovirus serotype nor the function of glycan binding in type 1 reovirus infection was known. We have identified the oligosaccharide portion of ganglioside GM2 (the GM2 glycan) as a receptor for the attachment protein σ1 of reovirus strain type 1 Lang (T1L) using glycan array screening. The interaction of T1L σ1 with GM2 in solution was confirmed using NMR spectroscopy. We established that GM2 glycan engagement is required for optimal infection of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) by T1L. Preincubation with GM2 specifically inhibited type 1 but not type 3 reovirus infection of MEFs. To provide a structural basis for these observations, we defined the mode of receptor recognition by determining the crystal structure of T1L σ1 in complex with the GM2 glycan. GM2 binds in a shallow groove in the globular head domain of T1L σ1. Both terminal sugar moieties of the GM2 glycan, N-acetylneuraminic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine, form contacts with the protein, providing an explanation for the observed specificity for GM2. Viruses with mutations in the glycan-binding domain display diminished hemagglutination capacity, a property dependent on glycan binding, and reduced capacity to infect MEFs. Our results define a novel mode of virus-glycan engagement and provide a mechanistic explanation for the serotype-dependent differences in glycan utilization by reovirus.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cricetinae
- Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism
- Embryo, Mammalian/pathology
- Embryo, Mammalian/virology
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Fibroblasts/virology
- Gangliosidoses, GM2/genetics
- Gangliosidoses, GM2/metabolism
- L Cells
- Mice
- Mutation
- Orthoreovirus, Mammalian/genetics
- Orthoreovirus, Mammalian/metabolism
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- Reoviridae Infections/genetics
- Reoviridae Infections/metabolism
- Reoviridae Infections/pathology
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Reiss
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer E. Stencel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Elizabeth B. Lamb Center for Pediatric Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yan Liu
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bärbel S. Blaum
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dirk M. Reiter
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ten Feizi
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Terence S. Dermody
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Elizabeth B. Lamb Center for Pediatric Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Thilo Stehle
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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10
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Tsukuda Y, Iwasaki N, Seito N, Kanayama M, Fujitani N, Shinohara Y, Kasahara Y, Onodera T, Suzuki K, Asano T, Minami A, Yamashita T. Ganglioside GM3 has an essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40136. [PMID: 22768242 PMCID: PMC3387008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder that principally attacks synovial joints, afflicts over 2 million people in the United States. Interleukin (IL)-17 is considered to be a master cytokine in chronic, destructive arthritis. Levels of the ganglioside GM3, one of the most primitive glycosphingolipids containing a sialic acid in the structure, are remarkably decreased in the synovium of patients with RA. Based on the increased cytokine secretions observed in in vitro experiments, GM3 might have an immunologic role. Here, to clarify the association between RA and GM3, we established a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model using the null mutation of the ganglioside GM3 synthase gene. GM3 deficiency exacerbated inflammatory arthritis in the mouse model of RA. In addition, disrupting GM3 induced T cell activation in vivo and promoted overproduction of the cytokines involved in RA. In contrast, the amount of the GM3 synthase gene transcript in the synovium was higher in patients with RA than in those with osteoarthritis. These findings indicate a crucial role for GM3 in the pathogenesis and progression of RA. Control of glycosphingolipids such as GM3 might therefore provide a novel therapeutic strategy for RA.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Arthritis, Experimental/enzymology
- Arthritis, Experimental/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/etiology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Biosynthetic Pathways/drug effects
- CD3 Complex/immunology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Disease Progression
- G(M3) Ganglioside/metabolism
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Humans
- Immunization
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Osteoarthritis/pathology
- Phenotype
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sialyltransferases/deficiency
- Sialyltransferases/genetics
- Sialyltransferases/metabolism
- Synovial Membrane/drug effects
- Synovial Membrane/metabolism
- Synovial Membrane/pathology
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Tsukuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail: (TY); (NI)
| | - Naoki Seito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masashi Kanayama
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujitani
- Laboratory of Medical and Functional Glycomics, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuro Shinohara
- Laboratory of Medical and Functional Glycomics, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kasahara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Onodera
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Hokkaido Orthopaedic Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Asano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akio Minami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamashita
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Frontier Research Center for Post-Genomic Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- World Class University Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- * E-mail: (TY); (NI)
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11
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Functional roles of gangliosides in neurodevelopment: an overview of recent advances. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:1230-44. [PMID: 22410735 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0744-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids that are most abundant in the nervous system. They are localized primarily in the outer leaflets of plasma membranes and participated in cell-cell recognition, adhesion, and signal transduction and are integral components of cell surface microdomains or lipid rafts along with proteins, sphingomyelin and cholesterol. Ganglioside-rich lipid rafts play an important role in signaling events affecting neural development and the pathogenesis of certain diseases. Disruption of gangloside synthase genes in mice induces developmental defects and neural degeneration. Targeting ganglioside metabolism may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for intervention in certain diseases. In this review, we focus on recent advances on metabolic and functional studies of gangliosides in normal brain development and in certain neurological disorders.
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12
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2007-2008. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2012; 31:183-311. [PMID: 21850673 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This review is the fifth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2008. The first section of the review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, use of derivatives and new software developments for analysis of carbohydrate spectra. Among newer areas of method development are glycan arrays, MALDI imaging and the use of ion mobility spectrometry. The second section of the review discusses applications of MALDI MS to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, biopharmaceuticals, glycated proteins, glycolipids, glycosides and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing and a section on the use of MALDI MS to monitor products of the chemical synthesis of carbohydrates with emphasis on carbohydrate-protein complexes and glycodendrimers. Corresponding analyses by electrospray ionization now appear to outnumber those performed by MALDI and the amount of literature makes a comprehensive review on this technique impractical. However, most of the work relating to sample preparation and glycan synthesis is equally relevant to electrospray and, consequently, those proposing analyses by electrospray should also find material in this review of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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Guimaraes CP, Carette JE, Varadarajan M, Antos J, Popp MW, Spooner E, Brummelkamp TR, Ploegh HL. Identification of host cell factors required for intoxication through use of modified cholera toxin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 195:751-64. [PMID: 22123862 PMCID: PMC3257576 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201108103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel labeling strategy to site-specifically attach fluorophores, biotin, and proteins to the C terminus of the A1 subunit (CTA1) of cholera toxin (CTx) in an otherwise correctly assembled and active CTx complex. Using a biotinylated N-linked glycosylation reporter peptide attached to CTA1, we provide direct evidence that ~12% of the internalized CTA1 pool reaches the ER. We also explored the sortase labeling method to attach the catalytic subunit of diphtheria toxin as a toxic warhead to CTA1, thus converting CTx into a cytolethal toxin. This new toxin conjugate enabled us to conduct a genetic screen in human cells, which identified ST3GAL5, SLC35A2, B3GALT4, UGCG, and ELF4 as genes essential for CTx intoxication. The first four encode proteins involved in the synthesis of gangliosides, which are known receptors for CTx. Identification and isolation of the ST3GAL5 and SLC35A2 mutant clonal cells uncover a previously unappreciated differential contribution of gangliosides to intoxication by CTx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla P Guimaraes
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Dhanushkodi A, McDonald MP. Intracranial V. cholerae sialidase protects against excitotoxic neurodegeneration. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29285. [PMID: 22195039 PMCID: PMC3240658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Converging evidence shows that GD3 ganglioside is a critical effector in a number of apoptotic pathways, and GM1 ganglioside has neuroprotective and noötropic properties. Targeted deletion of GD3 synthase (GD3S) eliminates GD3 and increases GM1 levels. Primary neurons from GD3S−/− mice are resistant to neurotoxicity induced by amyloid-β or hyperhomocysteinemia, and when GD3S is eliminated in the APP/PSEN1 double-transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease the plaque-associated oxidative stress and inflammatory response are absent. To date, no small-molecule inhibitor of GD3S exists. In the present study we used sialidase from Vibrio cholerae (VCS) to produce a brain ganglioside profile that approximates that of GD3S deletion. VCS hydrolyzes GD1a and complex b-series gangliosides to GM1, and the apoptogenic GD3 is degraded. VCS was infused by osmotic minipump into the dorsal third ventricle in mice over a 4-week period. Sensorimotor behaviors, anxiety, and cognition were unaffected in VCS-treated mice. To determine whether VCS was neuroprotective in vivo, we injected kainic acid on the 25th day of infusion to induce status epilepticus. Kainic acid induced a robust lesion of the CA3 hippocampal subfield in aCSF-treated controls. In contrast, all hippocampal regions in VCS-treated mice were largely intact. VCS did not protect against seizures. These results demonstrate that strategic degradation of complex gangliosides and GD3 can be used to achieve neuroprotection without adversely affecting behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandh Dhanushkodi
- Departments of Neurology and Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Michael P. McDonald
- Departments of Neurology and Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Regulatory Mechanisms of Nervous Systems with Glycosphingolipids. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:1578-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0494-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Kuan CT, Chang J, Mansson JE, Li J, Pegram C, Fredman P, McLendon RE, Bigner DD. Multiple phenotypic changes in mice after knockout of the B3gnt5 gene, encoding Lc3 synthase--a key enzyme in lacto-neolacto ganglioside synthesis. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2010; 10:114. [PMID: 21087515 PMCID: PMC2998480 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-10-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ganglioside biosynthesis occurs through a multi-enzymatic pathway which at the lactosylceramide step is branched into several biosynthetic series. Lc3 synthase utilizes a variety of galactose-terminated glycolipids as acceptors by establishing a glycosidic bond in the beta-1,3-linkage to GlcNaAc to extend the lacto- and neolacto-series gangliosides. In order to examine the lacto-series ganglioside functions in mice, we used gene knockout technology to generate Lc3 synthase gene B3gnt5-deficient mice by two different strategies and compared the phenotypes of the two null mouse groups with each other and with their wild-type counterparts. RESULTS B3gnt5 gene knockout mutant mice appeared normal in the embryonic stage and, if they survived delivery, remained normal during early life. However, about 9% developed early-stage growth retardation, 11% died postnatally in less than 2 months, and adults tended to die in 5-15 months, demonstrating splenomegaly and notably enlarged lymph nodes. Without lacto-neolacto series gangliosides, both homozygous and heterozygous mice gradually displayed fur loss or obesity, and breeding mice demonstrated reproductive defects. Furthermore, B3gnt5 gene knockout disrupted the functional integrity of B cells, as manifested by a decrease in B-cell numbers in the spleen, germinal center disappearance, and less efficiency to proliferate in hybridoma fusion. CONCLUSIONS These novel results demonstrate unequivocally that lacto-neolacto series gangliosides are essential to multiple physiological functions, especially the control of reproductive output, and spleen B-cell abnormality. We also report the generation of anti-IgG response against the lacto-series gangliosides 3'-isoLM1 and 3',6'-isoLD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Tsun Kuan
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Overexpression of ST6GalNAcV, a ganglioside-specific alpha2,6-sialyltransferase, inhibits glioma growth in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:12646-51. [PMID: 20616019 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0909862107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant cell-surface glycosylation patterns are present on virtually all tumors and have been linked to tumor progression, metastasis, and invasivity. We have shown that expressing a normally quiescent, glycoprotein-specific alpha2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6Gal1) gene in gliomas inhibited invasivity in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. To identify other glycogene targets with therapeutic potential, we created a focused 45-mer oligonucleotide microarray platform representing all of the cloned human glycotranscriptome and examined the glycogene expression profiles of 10 normal human brain specimens, 10 malignant gliomas, and 7 human glioma cell lines. Among the many significant changes in glycogene expression observed, of particular interest was the observation that an additional alpha2,6-sialyltransferase, ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha2,6-sialyltransferase 5 (ST6GalNAcV), was expressed at very low levels in all glioma and glioma cell lines examined compared with normal brain. ST6GalNAcV catalyzes the formation of the terminal alpha2,6-sialic acid linkages on gangliosides. Stable transfection of ST6GalNAcV into U373MG glioma cells produced (i) no change in alpha2,6-linked sialic acid-containing glycoproteins, (ii) increased expression of GM2alpha and GM3 gangliosides and decreased expression of GM1b, Gb3, and Gb4, (iii) marked inhibition of in vitro invasivity, (iv) modified cellular adhesion to fibronectin and laminin, (v) increased adhesion-mediated protein tyrosine phosphorylation of HSPA8, and (vi) inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. These results strongly suggest that modulation of the synthesis of specific glioma cell-surface glycosphingolipids alters invasivity in a manner that may have significant therapeutic potential.
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Liu Y, Yan S, Wondimu A, Bob D, Weiss M, Sliwinski K, Villar J, Notario V, Sutherland M, Colberg-Poley AM, Ladisch S. Ganglioside synthase knockout in oncogene-transformed fibroblasts depletes gangliosides and impairs tumor growth. Oncogene 2010; 29:3297-306. [PMID: 20305696 PMCID: PMC2880627 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biologically active membrane gangliosides, expressed and released by many human tumors, are hypothesized to significantly impact tumor progression. Lack of a model of complete and specific tumor ganglioside depletion in vivo, however, has hampered elucidation of their role. Here we report the creation of a novel, stable, genetically induced tumor cell system resulting in specific and complete blockade of ganglioside synthesis. Wild type (WT) and GM3 synthase/GM2 synthase double knockout (DKO) murine embryonic fibroblasts were transformed using amphotropic retrovirus-transduced oncogenes (pBABE-c-MycT58A+H-RasG12V). The transformed cells, WTt and DKOt respectively, evidenced comparable integrated copy numbers and oncogene expression. Ganglioside synthesis was completely blocked in the DKOt cells, importantly without triggering an alternate pathway of ganglioside synthesis. Ganglioside depletion (to <0.5 nmol/107 cells from 9-11 nmol/107 WTt or untransfected normal fibroblasts) did not adversely affect cell proliferation kinetics but did reduce cell migration on fibronectin-coated wells, consistent with our previous observations in ganglioside-depleted normal human fibroblasts. Strikingly, despite similar oncogene expression and growth kinetics, DKOt cells evidenced significantly impaired tumor growth in syngeneic immunocompetent mice, underscoring the pivotal role of tumor cell gangliosides and providing an ideal system for probing their mechanisms of action in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Medical Center, NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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Sphingolipids and gangliosides of the nervous system in membrane function and dysfunction. FEBS Lett 2009; 584:1748-59. [PMID: 20006608 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple sphingolipids such as ceramide and sphingomyelin (SM) as well as more complex glycosphingolipids play very important roles in cell function under physiological conditions and during disease development and progression. Sphingolipids are particularly abundant in the nervous system. Due to their amphiphilic nature they localize to cellular membranes and many of their roles in health and disease result from membrane reorganization and from lipid interaction with proteins within cellular membranes. In this review we discuss some of the functions of sphingolipids in processes that entail cellular membranes and their role in neurodegenerative diseases, with an emphasis on SM, ceramide and gangliosides.
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Prokazova NV, Samovilova NN, Gracheva EV, Golovanova NK. Ganglioside GM3 and its biological functions. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2009; 74:235-49. [PMID: 19364317 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297909030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism, topology, and possible mechanisms for regulation of the ganglioside GM3 content in the cell are reviewed. Under consideration are biological functions of GM3, such as involvement in cell differentiation, proliferation, oncogenesis, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Prokazova
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Russian Cardiology Research Center, Russian Ministry of Health, 121552 Moscow, Russia.
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Guillerme-Bosselut F, Forestier L, Jayat-Vignoles C, Vilotte JL, Popa I, Portoukalian J, Le Dur A, Laude H, Julien R, Gallet PF. Glycosylation-related gene expression profiling in the brain and spleen of scrapie-affected mouse. Glycobiology 2009; 19:879-89. [PMID: 19386898 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A central event in the formation of infectious prions is the conformational change of a host-encoded glycoprotein, PrP(C), into a pathogenic isoform, PrP(Sc). The molecular requirements for efficient PrP conversion remain unknown. Altered glycosylation has been linked to various pathologies and the N-glycans harbored by two prion protein isoforms are different. In order to search for glycosylation-related genes that could mark prion infection, we used a glycosylation-dedicated microarray that allowed the simultaneous analysis of the expression of 165 glycosylation-related genes encoding proteins of the glycosyltransferase, glycosidase, lectin, and sulfotransferase families to compare the gene expression profiles of normal and scrapie-infected mouse brain and spleen. Eight genes were found upregulated in "scrapie brain" at the final state of the disease. In the spleen, five genes presented a modified expression. Three genes were also upregulated in the spleen of infected mice, and two (Pigq and St3gal5) downregulated. All changes were confirmed by qPCR and biochemical analyses applied to Pigq and St3gal5 proteins.
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Chen C, Baldwin MR, Barbieri JT. Molecular Basis for Tetanus Toxin Coreceptor Interactions. Biochemistry 2008; 47:7179-86. [DOI: 10.1021/bi800640y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Michael R. Baldwin
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Joseph T. Barbieri
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
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Liu Y, Su Y, Wiznitzer M, Epifano O, Ladisch S. Ganglioside depletion and EGF responses of human GM3 synthase-deficient fibroblasts. Glycobiology 2008; 18:593-601. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwn039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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