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Lauer AA, Nguyen VTT, Janitschke D, dos Santos Guilherme M, Bachmann CM, Grimm HS, Hartmann T, Endres K, Grimm MOW. The Influence of Acitretin on Brain Lipidomics in Adolescent Mice-Implications for Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatological Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415535. [PMID: 36555176 PMCID: PMC9778912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of systemic retinoids such as acitretin has not been approved yet for pediatric patients. An adverse event of retinoid-therapy that occurs with lower prevalence in children than in adults is hyperlipidemia. This might be based on the lack of comorbidities in young patients, but must not be neglected. Especially for the development of the human brain up to young adulthood, dysbalance of lipids might be deleterious. Here, we provide for the first time an in-depth analysis of the influence of subchronic acitretin-administration on lipid composition of brain parenchyma of young wild type mice. For comparison and to evaluate the systemic effect of the treatment, liver lipids were analogously investigated. As expected, triglycerides increased in liver as well as in brain and a non-significant increase in cholesterol was observed. However, specifically brain showed an increase in lyso-phosphatidylcholine and carnitine as well as in sphingomyelin. Group analysis of lipid classes revealed no statistical effects, while single species were tissue-dependently changed: effects in brain were in general more subtly as compared to those in liver regarding the mere number of changed lipid species. Thus, while the overall impact of acitretin seems comparably small regarding brain, the change in individual species and their role in brain development and maturation has to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Lauer
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Vu Thu Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Janitschke
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Malena dos Santos Guilherme
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Cornel M. Bachmann
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Heike S. Grimm
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: (K.E.); (M.O.W.G.); Tel.: +49-6131-17-2133 (K.E.); +49-6841-1647927 (M.O.G.)
| | - Marcus O. W. Grimm
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
- Correspondence: (K.E.); (M.O.W.G.); Tel.: +49-6131-17-2133 (K.E.); +49-6841-1647927 (M.O.G.)
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Quadro L, Giordano E, Costabile BK, Nargis T, Iqbal J, Kim Y, Wassef L, Hussain MM. Interplay between β-carotene and lipoprotein metabolism at the maternal-fetal barrier. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158591. [PMID: 31863969 PMCID: PMC7302977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A is an essential nutrient, critical for proper embryonic development in mammals. Both embryonic vitamin A-deficiency or -excess lead to congenital malformations or lethality in mammals, including humans. This is due to the defective transcriptional action of retinoic acid, the active form of vitamin A, that regulates in a spatial- and temporal-dependent manner the expression of genes essential for organogenesis. Thus, an adequate supply of vitamin A from the maternal circulation is vital for normal mammalian fetal development. Provitamin A carotenoids circulate in the maternal bloodstream and are available to the embryo. Of all the dietary carotenoids, β-carotene is the main vitamin A precursor, contributing at least 30% of the vitamin A intake in the industrialized countries and often constituting the sole source of retinoids (vitamin A and its derivatives) in the developing world. In humans, up to 40% of the absorbed dietary β-carotene is incorporated in its intact form in chylomicrons for distribution to other organs within the body, including the developing tissues. Here, it can serve as a source of vitamin A upon conversion into apocarotenoids by its cleavage enzymes. Given that β-carotene is carried in the bloodstream by lipoproteins, and that the placenta acquires, assembles and secretes lipoproteins, it is becoming evident that the maternal-fetal transfer of β-carotene relies on lipoprotein metabolism. Here, we will explore the current knowledge about this important biological process, the cross-talk between carotenoid and lipid metabolism in the context of the maternal-fetal transfer of this provitamin A precursor, and the mechanisms whereby β-carotene is metabolized by the developing tissues. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Quadro
- Food Science Department, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA;,Corresponding author: Loredana Quadro, PhD; Department of Food Science, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Tel: +1 848 9325491; Fax: +1 732 9326776;
| | - Elena Giordano
- Food Science Department, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Brianna K. Costabile
- Food Science Department, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA;,Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Titli Nargis
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Jahangir Iqbal
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA;,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Eastern Region, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Younkyung Kim
- Food Science Department, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Lesley Wassef
- Food Science Department, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - M. Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA;,Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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3
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Zhou F, Wu X, Pinos I, Abraham BM, Barrett TJ, von Lintig J, Fisher EA, Amengual J. β-Carotene conversion to vitamin A delays atherosclerosis progression by decreasing hepatic lipid secretion in mice. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1491-1503. [PMID: 32963037 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120001066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterized by the pathological accumulation of cholesterol-laden macrophages in the arterial wall. Atherosclerosis is also the main underlying cause of CVDs, and its development is largely driven by elevated plasma cholesterol. Strong epidemiological data find an inverse association between plasma β-carotene with atherosclerosis, and we recently showed that β-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1) activity, responsible for β-carotene cleavage to vitamin A, is associated with reduced plasma cholesterol in humans and mice. In this study, we explore whether intact β-carotene or vitamin A affects atherosclerosis progression in the atheroprone LDLR-deficient mice. Compared with control-fed Ldlr-/- mice, β-carotene-supplemented mice showed reduced atherosclerotic lesion size at the level of the aortic root and reduced plasma cholesterol levels. These changes were absent in Ldlr-/- /Bco1-/- mice despite accumulating β-carotene in plasma and atherosclerotic lesions. We discarded the implication of myeloid BCO1 in the development of atherosclerosis by performing bone marrow transplant experiments. Lipid production assays found that retinoic acid, the active form of vitamin A, reduced the secretion of newly synthetized triglyceride and cholesteryl ester in cell culture and mice. Overall, our findings provide insights into the role of BCO1 activity and vitamin A in atherosclerosis progression through the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Zhou
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ivan Pinos
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin M Abraham
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Tessa J Barrett
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Johannes von Lintig
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jaume Amengual
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA .,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Abstract
The placenta, a hallmark of mammalian embryogenesis, allows nutrients to be exchanged between the mother and the fetus. Vitamin A (VA), an essential nutrient, cannot be synthesized by the embryo, and must be acquired from the maternal circulation through the placenta. Our understanding of how this transfer is accomplished is still in its infancy. In this chapter, we recapitulate the early studies about the relationship between maternal dietary/supplemental VA intake and fetal VA levels. We then describe how the discovery of retinol-binding protein (RBP or RBP4), the development of labeling and detection techniques, and the advent of knockout mice shifted this field from a macroscopic to a molecular level. The most recent data indicate that VA and its derivatives (retinoids) and the pro-VA carotenoid, β-carotene, are transferred across the placenta by distinct proteins, some of which overlap with proteins involved in lipoprotein uptake. The VA status and dietary intake of the mother influence the expression of these proteins, creating feedback signals that control the uptake of retinoids and that may also regulate the uptake of lipids, raising the intriguing possibility of crosstalk between micronutrient and macronutrient metabolism. Many questions remain about the temporal and spatial patterns by which these proteins are expressed and transferred throughout gestation. The answers to these questions are highly relevant to human health, considering that those with either limited or excessive intake of retinoids/carotenoids during pregnancy may be at risk of obtaining improper amounts of VA that ultimately impact the development and health of their offspring.
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β-apo-10'-carotenoids support normal embryonic development during vitamin A deficiency. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8834. [PMID: 29892071 PMCID: PMC5995931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency is still a public health concern affecting millions of pregnant women and children. Retinoic acid, the active form of vitamin A, is critical for proper mammalian embryonic development. Embryos can generate retinoic acid from maternal circulating β-carotene upon oxidation of retinaldehyde produced via the symmetric cleavage enzyme β-carotene 15,15'-oxygenase (BCO1). Another cleavage enzyme, β-carotene 9',10'-oxygenase (BCO2), asymmetrically cleaves β-carotene in adult tissues to prevent its mitochondrial toxicity, generating β-apo-10'-carotenal, which can be converted to retinoids (vitamin A and its metabolites) by BCO1. However, the role of BCO2 during mammalian embryogenesis is unknown. We found that mice lacking BCO2 on a vitamin A deficiency-susceptible genetic background (Rbp4-/-) generated severely malformed vitamin A-deficient embryos. Maternal β-carotene supplementation impaired fertility and did not restore normal embryonic development in the Bco2-/-Rbp4-/- mice, despite the expression of BCO1. These data demonstrate that BCO2 prevents β-carotene toxicity during embryogenesis under severe vitamin A deficiency. In contrast, β-apo-10'-carotenal dose-dependently restored normal embryonic development in Bco2-/-Rbp4-/- but not Bco1-/-Bco2-/-Rbp4-/- mice, suggesting that β-apo-10'-carotenal facilitates embryogenesis as a substrate for BCO1-catalyzed retinoid formation. These findings provide a proof of principle for the important role of BCO2 in embryonic development and invite consideration of β-apo-10'-carotenal as a nutritional supplement to sustain normal embryonic development in vitamin A-deprived pregnant women.
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6
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Shannon SR, Moise AR, Trainor PA. New insights and changing paradigms in the regulation of vitamin A metabolism in development. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2017; 6. [PMID: 28207193 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A and its active metabolite retinoic acid are essential for embryonic development and adult homeostasis. Surprisingly, excess or deficiency of vitamin A and retinoic acid can cause similar developmental defects. Therefore, strict feedback and other mechanisms exist to regulate the levels of retinoic acid within a narrow physiological range. The oxidation of vitamin A to retinal has recently been established as a critical nodal point in the synthesis of retinoic acid, and over the past decade, RDH10 and DHRS3 have emerged as the predominant enzymes that regulate this reversible reaction. Together they form a codependent complex that facilitates negative feedback maintenance of retinoic acid levels and thus guard against the effects of dysregulated vitamin A metabolism and retinoic acid synthesis. This review focuses on advances in our understanding of the roles of Rdh10 and Dhrs3 and their impact on development and disease. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e264. doi: 10.1002/wdev.264 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Shannon
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Alexander R Moise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Smith JW, Ford NA, Thomas-Ahner JM, Moran NE, Bolton EC, Wallig MA, Clinton SK, Erdman JW. Mice lacking β-carotene-15,15'-dioxygenase exhibit reduced serum testosterone, prostatic androgen receptor signaling, and prostatic cellular proliferation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R1135-R1148. [PMID: 27629887 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00261.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
β-Carotene-15,15'-dioxygenase (BCO1) cleaves dietary carotenoids at the central 15,15' double bond, most notably acting on β-carotene to yield retinal. However, Bco1 disruption also impacts diverse physiological end points independent of dietary carotenoid feeding, including expression of genes controlling androgen metabolism. Using the Bco1-/- mouse model, we sought to probe the effects of Bco1 disruption on testicular steroidogenesis, prostatic androgen signaling, and prostatic proliferation. Male wild-type (WT) and Bco1-/- mice were raised on carotenoid-free AIN-93G diets before euthanasia between 10 and 14 wk of age. Weights of the prostate and seminal vesicles were significantly lower in Bco1-/- than in WT mice (-18% and -29%, respectively). Serum testosterone levels in Bco1-/- mice were significantly reduced by 73%. Bco1 disruption significantly reduced Leydig cell number and decreased testicular mRNA expression of Hsd17b3, suggesting inhibition of testicular testosterone synthesis. Immunofluorescent staining of the androgen receptor (AR) in the dorsolateral prostate lobes of Bco1-/- mice revealed a decrease in AR nuclear localization. Analysis of prostatic morphology suggested decreases in gland size and secretion. These findings were supported by reduced expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 in Bco1-/- prostates. Expression analysis of 200 prostate cancer- and androgen-related genes suggested that Bco1 loss significantly disrupted prostatic androgen receptor signaling, cell cycle progression, and proliferation. This is the first demonstration that Bco1 disruption lowers murine circulating testosterone levels and thereby reduces prostatic androgen receptor signaling and prostatic cellular proliferation, further supporting the role of this protein in processes more diverse than carotenoid cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W Smith
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Nikki A Ford
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | | | - Nancy E Moran
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Eric C Bolton
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Matthew A Wallig
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Steven K Clinton
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and
| | - John W Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; .,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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8
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Checa A, Bedia C, Jaumot J. Lipidomic data analysis: Tutorial, practical guidelines and applications. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 885:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kim YK, Zuccaro MV, Costabile BK, Rodas R, Quadro L. Tissue- and sex-specific effects of β-carotene 15,15' oxygenase (BCO1) on retinoid and lipid metabolism in adult and developing mice. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 572:11-18. [PMID: 25602705 PMCID: PMC4402122 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, β-carotene-15,15'-oxygenase (BCO1) is the main enzyme that cleaves β-carotene, the most abundant vitamin A precursor, to generate retinoids (vitamin A derivatives), both in adult and developing tissues. We previously reported that, in addition to this function, BCO1 can also influence the synthesis of retinyl esters, the storage form of retinoids, in the mouse embryo at mid-gestation. Indeed, lack of embryonic BCO1 impaired both lecithin-dependent and acyl CoA-dependent retinol esterification, mediated by lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) and acyl CoA:retinol acyltransferase (ARAT), respectively. Furthermore, embryonic BCO1 also influenced the ester pools of cholesterol and diacylglycerol. In this report, we gained novel insights into this alternative function of BCO1 by investigating whether BCO1 influenced embryonic retinoid and lipid metabolism in a tissue-dependent manner. To this end, livers and brains from wild-type and BCO1-/- embryos at mid-gestation were analyzed for retinoid and lipid content, as well as gene expression levels. We also asked whether or not the role of BCO1 as a regulator of lecithin- and acyl CoA-dependent retinol esterification was exclusively restricted to the developing tissues. Thus, a survey of retinol and retinyl ester levels in adult tissues of wild-type, BCO1-/-, LRAT-/- and LRAT-/-BCO1-/- mice was performed. We showed that the absence of BCO1 affects embryonic retinoid and lipid homeostasis in a tissue-specific manner and that retinyl ester formation is also influenced by BCO1 in a few adult tissues (pancreas, lung, heart and adipose) in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Kyung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08091, USA
| | - Michael V Zuccaro
- Department of Food Science and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08091, USA
| | - Brianna K Costabile
- Department of Food Science and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08091, USA
| | - Rebeka Rodas
- Department of Food Science and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08091, USA
| | - Loredana Quadro
- Department of Food Science and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08091, USA.
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10
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Lee SA, Jiang H, Trent CM, Yuen JJ, Narayanasamy S, Curley RW, Harrison EH, Goldberg IJ, Maurer MS, Blaner WS. Cardiac dysfunction in β-carotene-15,15'-dioxygenase-deficient mice is associated with altered retinoid and lipid metabolism. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H1675-84. [PMID: 25260612 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00548.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dietary carotenoids like β-carotene are converted within the body either to retinoid, via β-carotene-15,15'-dioxygenase (BCO1), or to β-apo-carotenoids, via β-carotene-9',10'-oxygenase 2. Some β-apo-carotenoids are potent antagonists of retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-mediated transcriptional regulation, which is required to ensure normal heart development and functions. We established liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometery methods for measuring concentrations of 10 β-apo-carotenoids in mouse plasma, liver, and heart and assessed how these are influenced by Bco1 deficiency and β-carotene intake. Surprisingly, Bco1(-/-) mice had an increase in heart levels of retinol, nonesterified fatty acids, and ceramides and a decrease in heart triglycerides. These lipid changes were accompanied by elevations in levels of genes important to retinoid metabolism, specifically retinol dehydrogenase 10 and retinol-binding protein 4, as well as genes involved in lipid metabolism, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, lipoprotein lipase, Cd36, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, and fatty acid synthase. We also obtained evidence of compromised heart function, as assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography, in Bco1(-/-) mice. However, the total absence of Bco1 did not substantially affect β-apo-carotenoid concentrations in the heart. β-Carotene administration to matched Bco1(-/-) and wild-type mice elevated total β-apo-carotenal levels in the heart, liver, and plasma and total β-apo-carotenoic acid levels in the liver. Thus, BCO1 modulates heart metabolism and function, possibly by altering levels of cofactors required for the actions of nuclear hormone receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ah Lee
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Hongfeng Jiang
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Chad M Trent
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jason J Yuen
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Sureshbabu Narayanasamy
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and Department of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Robert W Curley
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and
| | - Earl H Harrison
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Mathew S Maurer
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - William S Blaner
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York;
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11
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Shete V, Quadro L. Mammalian metabolism of β-carotene: gaps in knowledge. Nutrients 2013; 5:4849-68. [PMID: 24288025 PMCID: PMC3875911 DOI: 10.3390/nu5124849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
β-carotene is the most abundant provitamin A carotenoid in human diet and tissues. It exerts a number of beneficial functions in mammals, including humans, owing to its ability to generate vitamin A as well as to emerging crucial signaling functions of its metabolites. Even though β-carotene is generally considered a safer form of vitamin A due to its highly regulated intestinal absorption, detrimental effects have also been ascribed to its intake, at least under specific circumstances. A better understanding of the metabolism of β-carotene is still needed to unequivocally discriminate the conditions under which it may exert beneficial or detrimental effects on human health and thus to enable the formulation of dietary recommendations adequate for different groups of individuals and populations worldwide. Here we provide a general overview of the metabolism of this vitamin A precursor in mammals with the aim of identifying the gaps in knowledge that call for immediate attention. We highlight the main questions that remain to be answered in regards to the cleavage, uptake, extracellular and intracellular transport of β-carotene as well as the interactions between the metabolism of β-carotene and that of other macronutrients such as lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Shete
- Department of Food Science and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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