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Menzel R, Zhang X, Pietrucik T, Bathelt A, Ruess L. Omega-3 PUFA and the fitness and cognition of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans under different environmental conditions. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 270:110925. [PMID: 38040326 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Many invertebrate species possess the metabolic ability to synthesize long-chain ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) de novo. Due to their diverse effects on membrane architecture, neuroplasticity, growth and reproduction, PUFA have a high potential to positively influence the fitness of an organism. But how and when do these supposed advantages actually come into play? Other species, that are often closely related, pass natural selection without this special metabolic ability. The ω3-PUFA rich model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematoda) and its mutant fat-1(wa9), lacking these PUFA, are a suitable test system. We analyzed potential impairments in reproduction and growth in a soil assay. Further, chemotaxis after aversive olfactory, associative learning and integration of a second sensory signal were assessed on agar plates. Moreover, we analyzed the phospholipid pattern of both C. elegans strains and further free-living nematodes species at different temperatures. While the phenotypic effects were rather small under standard conditions, lowering the temperature to 15 or even 10 °C or reducing the soil moisture, led to significant limitations, with the investigated parameters for neuroplasticity being most impaired. The ω3-PUFA free C. elegans mutant strain fat-1 did not adapt the fatty acid composition of its phospholipids to a decreasing temperature, while ω3-PUFA containing nematodes proportionally increased this PUFA group. In contrats, other ω3-PUFA free nematode species produced significantly more ω6-PUFA. Thus, the ability to synthesize long-chain ω3-PUFA de novo likely is fundamental for an increase in neuroplasticity and an efficient way for regulating membrane fluidity to maintain their functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Menzel
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology, Ecology, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Xuchao Zhang
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology, Ecology, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamara Pietrucik
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology, Ecology, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonia Bathelt
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology, Ecology, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liliane Ruess
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology, Ecology, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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Ohhara Y, Sagisaka C, Yamakawa-Kobayashi K. The collembolan Sinella dubiosa produces eicosapentaenoic acid. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 269:110900. [PMID: 37689345 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are essential nutrients for vertebrate development and physiology. Microorganisms, such as microalgae, produce n-3 PUFAs that are transferred to higher predators in the aquatic food web. However, recent studies have demonstrated that various aquatic invertebrates possess the biosynthetic enzymes required for n-3 PUFA production, raising the possibility that n-3 PUFAs are also produced in certain aquatic invertebrates. In contrast to aquatic invertebrates, it remains unclear whether and how PUFAs are produced in terrestrial invertebrates, including collembolans, one of the most widespread microarthropods in soil ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the biosynthetic capacity of n-3 PUFAs in litter-dwelling Collembola, Sinella dubiosa. We detected EPA in Sinella dubiosa reared on Brewer's yeast, which produced only saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, metabolic analysis using isotope-labeled fatty acids revealed that oleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids were metabolized to EPA in Sinella dubiosa. Given that collembolans are food for predatory arthropods and their nutrients are transferred to higher predatory vertebrates in the soil food web, we propose that Collembola serve as an EPA source in soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Ohhara
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Chiemi Sagisaka
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yamakawa-Kobayashi
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Ribes-Navarro A, Kabeya N, Castro LFC, Gomes-dos-Santos A, Fonseca MM, Alberts-Hubatsch H, Hontoria F, Navarro JC, Monroig Ó. Examination of gammarid transcriptomes reveals a widespread occurrence of key metabolic genes from epibiont bdelloid rotifers in freshwater species. Open Biol 2023; 13:230196. [PMID: 37875161 PMCID: PMC10597677 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous data revealed the unexpected presence of genes encoding for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) biosynthetic enzymes in transcriptomes from freshwater gammarids but not in marine species, even though closely related species were compared. This study aimed to clarify the origin and occurrence of selected LC-PUFA biosynthesis gene markers across all published gammarid transcriptomes. Through systematic searches, we confirmed the widespread occurrence of sequences from seven elongases and desaturases involved in LC-PUFA biosynthesis, in transcriptomes from freshwater gammarids but not marine species, and clarified that such occurrence is independent from the gammarid species and geographical origin. The phylogenetic analysis established that the retrieved elongase and desaturase sequences were closely related to bdelloid rotifers, confirming that multiple transcriptomes from freshwater gammarids contain contaminating rotifers' genetic material. Using the Adineta steineri genome, we investigated the genomic location and exon-intron organization of the elongase and desaturase genes, establishing they are all genome-anchored and, importantly, identifying instances of horizontal gene transfer. Finally, we provide compelling evidence demonstrating Bdelloidea desaturases and elongases enable these organisms to perform all the reactions for de novo biosynthesis of PUFA and, from them, LC-PUFA, an advantageous trait when considering the low abundance of these essential nutrients in freshwater environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ribes-Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Naoki Kabeya
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - L. Filipe C. Castro
- CIMAR/CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (U. Porto), Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - André Gomes-dos-Santos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Miguel M. Fonseca
- CIMAR/CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Hilke Alberts-Hubatsch
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Francisco Hontoria
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan C. Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
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Wang M, Wang LS, Fang JN, Du GC, Zhang TT, Li RG. Transcriptomic Profiling of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Reveals Differentially Expressed Genes in Response to Ethanol. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2022; 248:111460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2022.111460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Monroig Ó, Shu-Chien A, Kabeya N, Tocher D, Castro L. Desaturases and elongases involved in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in aquatic animals: From genes to functions. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Zheng X, Niu H, Yu J, Zhang Y, Li S, Song C, Chen Y. Responses of Alpha-linolenic acid strain (C-12) from Chlorella sp. L166 to low temperature plasma treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 336:125291. [PMID: 34052547 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
LTP treatment was applied to induce a high-content alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) strain (C-12) from Chlorella sp. L166, the ALA content of C-12 was increased by 48.37%. The mechanism of LTP induction were examined. The results showed that LTP could facilitate pH change, induce malondialdehyde (MDA) production, cause protein leakage, and destroyed the microalgae cells. The genes of C-12 encoding pyruvate dehydrogenase (E2) were up-regulated 2.47-fold, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) down-regulated 0.48-fold compared to the wild type, these changed in the direction of ALA accumulation. Furthermore, the enzymes in DNA replication were significantly up regulated. Take ALA and biomass accumulation into account, LTP technology had a positive effect on ALA accumulation. Global view of metabolic variation also suggested that C-12 had an excellent adaptability to the changes of pH and peroxidation of LTP production. C-12 could be a promising ALA source of alternative materials for it do not compete with land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Haili Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yifu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shuhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chunfeng Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Pilecky M, Závorka L, Arts MT, Kainz MJ. Omega-3 PUFA profoundly affect neural, physiological, and behavioural competences - implications for systemic changes in trophic interactions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2127-2145. [PMID: 34018324 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, much conceptual thinking in trophic ecology has been guided by theories of nutrient limitation and the flow of elements, such as carbon and nitrogen, within and among ecosystems. More recently, ecologists have also turned their attention to examining the value of specific dietary nutrients, in particular polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), among which the omega-3 PUFA, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) play a central role as essential components of neuronal cell membranes in many organisms. This review focuses on a new neuro-ecological approach stemming from the biochemical (mechanistic) and physiological (functional) role of DHA in neuronal cell membranes, in particular in conjunction with G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). We link the co-evolution of these neurological functions to metabolic dependency on dietary omega-3 PUFA. We outline ways in which deficiencies in dietary DHA supply may affect, cognition, vision, and behaviour, and ultimately, the biological fitness of consumers. We then review emerging evidence that changes in access to dietary omega-3 PUFA may ultimately have profound impacts on trophic interactions leading to potential changes in community structure and ecosystem functioning that, in turn, may affect the supply of DHA within and across ecosystems, including the supply for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Pilecky
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Inter-University Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Dr. Carl-Kupelwieser Promenade 5, Lunz am See, 3293, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Research, Donau-Universität Krems, Dr. Karl Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems, 3500, Austria
| | - Libor Závorka
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Inter-University Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Dr. Carl-Kupelwieser Promenade 5, Lunz am See, 3293, Austria
| | - Michael T Arts
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Martin J Kainz
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Inter-University Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Dr. Carl-Kupelwieser Promenade 5, Lunz am See, 3293, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Research, Donau-Universität Krems, Dr. Karl Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems, 3500, Austria
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Kabeya N, Gür İ, Oboh A, Evjemo JO, Malzahn AM, Hontoria F, Navarro JC, Monroig Ó. Unique fatty acid desaturase capacities uncovered in Hediste diversicolor illustrate the roles of aquatic invertebrates in trophic upgrading. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190654. [PMID: 32536307 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 (ω3 or n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), play physiologically important roles in vertebrates. These compounds have long been believed to have originated almost exclusively from aquatic (mostly marine) single-cell organisms. Yet, a recent study has discovered that many invertebrates possess a type of enzymes called methyl-end desaturases (ωx) that enables them to endogenously produce n-3 long-chain PUFA and could make a significant contribution to production of these compounds in the marine environment. Polychaetes are major components of benthic fauna and thus important to maintain a robust food web as a recycler of organic matter and a prey item for higher trophic level species like fish. In the present study, we investigated the ωx enzymes from the common ragworm, Hediste diversicolor, a common inhabitant in sedimentary littoral ecosystems of the North Atlantic. Functional assays of the H. diversicolor ωx demonstrated unique desaturation capacities. An ω3 desaturase mediated the conversion of n-6 fatty acid substrates into their corresponding n-3 products including DHA. A further enzyme possessed unique regioselectivities combining both ω6 and ω3 desaturase activities. These results illustrate that the long-chain PUFA biosynthetic enzymatic machinery of aquatic invertebrates such as polychaetes is highly diverse and clarify that invertebrates can be major contributors to fatty acid trophic upgrading in aquatic food webs. This article is part of the theme issue 'The next horizons for lipids as 'trophic biomarkers': evidence and significance of consumer modification of dietary fatty acids'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kabeya
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - İbrahim Gür
- Elazığ Fisheries Research Institute, Olgunlar Street, 23040 Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Angela Oboh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Abuja, P.M.B. 117, Nigeria
| | - Jan Ove Evjemo
- Department of Environment & New Resources, SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture AS, Trondheim 7010, Norway
| | - Arne M Malzahn
- Department of Environment & New Resources, SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture AS, Trondheim 7010, Norway
| | - Francisco Hontoria
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan C Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes 12595, Castellón, Spain
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Gladyshev MI, Sushchik NN. Long-chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Natural Ecosystems and the Human Diet: Assumptions and Challenges. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090485. [PMID: 31547473 PMCID: PMC6770104 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades, studies of essential biomolecules, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-3 family (LC-PUFAs), namely eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA), have made considerable progress, resulting in several important assumptions. However, new data, which continue to appear, challenge these assumptions. Based on the current literature, an attempt is made to reconsider the following assumptions: 1. There are algal classes of high and low nutritive quality. 2. EPA and DHA decrease with increasing eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems. 3. Animals need EPA and DHA. 4. Fish are the main food source of EPA and DHA for humans. 5. Culinary treatment decreases EPA and DHA in products. As demonstrated, some of the above assumptions need to be substantially specified and changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail I Gladyshev
- Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, 50/50, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodny av. 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
| | - Nadezhda N Sushchik
- Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, 50/50, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodny av. 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
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