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Furse S, Koch H, Wright GA, Stevenson PC. Sterol and lipid metabolism in bees. Metabolomics 2023; 19:78. [PMID: 37644282 PMCID: PMC10465395 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bees provide essential pollination services for many food crops and are critical in supporting wild plant diversity. However, the dietary landscape of pollen food sources for social and solitary bees has changed because of agricultural intensification and habitat loss. For this reason, understanding the basic nutrient metabolism and meeting the nutritional needs of bees is becoming an urgent requirement for agriculture and conservation. We know that pollen is the principal source of dietary fat and sterols for pollinators, but a precise understanding of what the essential nutrients are and how much is needed is not yet clear. Sterols are key for producing the hormones that control development and may be present in cell membranes, where fatty-acid-containing species are important structural and signalling molecules (phospholipids) or to supply, store and distribute energy (glycerides). AIM OF THE REVIEW In this critical review, we examine the current general understanding of sterol and lipid metabolism of social and solitary bees from a variety of literature sources and discuss implications for bee health. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW We found that while eusocial bees are resilient to some dietary variation in sterol supply the scope for this is limited. The evidence of both de novo lipogenesis and a dietary need for particular fatty acids (FAs) shows that FA metabolism in insects is analogous to mammals but with distinct features. Bees rely on their dietary intake for essential sterols and lipids in a way that is dependent upon pollen availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Furse
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Green, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK.
| | - Hauke Koch
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Green, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK
| | | | - Philip C Stevenson
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Green, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK.
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK.
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Nowakowski M, Wiśniewska-Becker A, Czapla-Masztafiak J, Szlachetko J, Budziak A, Polańska Ż, Pietralik-Molińska Z, Kozak M, Kwiatek WM. Cr(vi) permanently binds to the lipid bilayer in an inverted hexagonal phase throughout the reduction process. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18854-18863. [PMID: 37350866 PMCID: PMC10282592 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07851a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cr(vi) is a harmful, carcinogenic agent with a high permeability rate throughout the lipid membranes. In an intracellular environment and during interactions with cellular membranes, it undergoes an instant reduction to lower oxidation states throughout radical states, recognized as the most dangerous factor for cells. The cellular membrane is the most visible cellular organelle in the interior and exterior of a cell. In this study, liposomes and non-lamellar inverted hexagonal phase lipid structures based on phosphoethanolamine (PE) were used as model cellular bilayers because of their simple composition, preparation procedure, and the many other properties of natural systems. The lipid membranes were subjected to 0.075 mM Cr(vi) for 15 min, after which the Cr content was removed via dialysis. This way, the remaining Cr content could be studied qualitatively and quantitatively. Using the combined XRF/XAS/EPR approach, we revealed that some Cr content (Cr(iii) and Cr(vi)) was still present in the samples even after long-term dialysis at a temperature significantly above the phase transition for the chosen liposome. The amount of bound Cr increased with increasing PE and -C[double bond, length as m-dash]C- bond content in lipid mixtures. Internal membrane order decreased in less fluid membranes, while in more liquified ones, internal order was only slightly changed after subjecting them to the Cr(vi) agent. The results suggest that the inverted hexagonal phase of lipid structures is much more sensitive to oxidation than the lamellar lipid phase, which can play an important role in the strong cytotoxicity of Cr(vi).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Nowakowski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences PL-31342 Krakow Poland
| | - Anna Wiśniewska-Becker
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology PL-30387 Krakow Poland
| | | | - Jakub Szlachetko
- Solaris National Synchrotron Radiation Centre, Jagiellonian University 30-392 Krakow Poland
| | - Andrzej Budziak
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Energy and Fuels Krakow Poland
| | - Żaneta Polańska
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Faculty of Physics PL-61-614 Poznan Poland
| | | | - Maciej Kozak
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Faculty of Physics PL-61-614 Poznan Poland
| | - Wojciech M Kwiatek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences PL-31342 Krakow Poland
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Sologova SS, Zavadskiy SP, Mokhosoev IM, Moldogazieva NT. Short Linear Motifs Orchestrate Functioning of Human Proteins during Embryonic Development, Redox Regulation, and Cancer. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050464. [PMID: 35629968 PMCID: PMC9144484 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Short linear motifs (SLiMs) are evolutionarily conserved functional modules of proteins that represent amino acid stretches composed of 3 to 10 residues. The biological activities of two short peptide segments of human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a major embryo-specific and cancer-related protein, have been confirmed experimentally. This is a heptapeptide segment LDSYQCT in domain I designated as AFP14–20 and a nonapeptide segment EMTPVNPGV in domain III designated as GIP-9. In our work, we searched the UniprotKB database for human proteins that contain SLiMs with sequence similarity to the both segments of human AFP and undertook gene ontology (GO)-based functional categorization of retrieved proteins. Gene set enrichment analysis included GO terms for biological process, molecular function, metabolic pathway, KEGG pathway, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) categories. We identified the SLiMs of interest in a variety of non-homologous proteins involved in multiple cellular processes underlying embryonic development, cancer progression, and, unexpectedly, the regulation of redox homeostasis. These included transcription factors, cell adhesion proteins, ubiquitin-activating and conjugating enzymes, cell signaling proteins, and oxidoreductase enzymes. They function by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, cell cycle, DNA replication/repair/recombination, metabolism, immune/inflammatory response, and apoptosis. In addition to the retrieved genes, new interacting genes were identified. Our data support the hypothesis that conserved SLiMs are incorporated into non-homologous proteins to serve as functional blocks for their orchestrated functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna S. Sologova
- Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.S.); (S.P.Z.)
| | - Sergey P. Zavadskiy
- Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.S.); (S.P.Z.)
| | - Innokenty M. Mokhosoev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nurbubu T. Moldogazieva
- Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.S.); (S.P.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Furse S, Williams HEL, Watkins AJ, Virtue S, Vidal-Puig A, Amarsi R, Charalambous M, Koulman A. A pipeline for making 31P NMR accessible for small- and large-scale lipidomics studies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:4763-4773. [PMID: 34254158 PMCID: PMC8318958 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Detailed molecular analysis is of increasing importance in research into the regulation of biochemical pathways, organismal growth and disease. Lipidomics in particular is increasingly sought after as it provides insight into molecular species involved in energy storage, signalling and fundamental cellular structures. This has led to the use of a range of tools and techniques to acquire lipidomics data. 31P NMR for lipidomics offers well-resolved head group/lipid class analysis, structural data that can be used to inform and strengthen interpretation of mass spectrometry data and part of a priori structural determination. In the present study, we codify the use of 31P NMR for lipidomics studies to make the technique more accessible to new users and more useful for a wider range of questions. The technique can be used in isolation (phospholipidomics) or as a part of determining lipid composition (lipidomics). We describe the process from sample extraction to data processing and analysis. This pipeline is important because it allows greater thoroughness in lipidomics studies and increases scope for answering scientific questions about lipid-containing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Furse
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Biological Chemistry Group, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK.
| | - Huw E L Williams
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Adam J Watkins
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Samuel Virtue
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Risha Amarsi
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guys Hospital, WC2R 2LS, London, UK
| | - Marika Charalambous
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guys Hospital, WC2R 2LS, London, UK
| | - Albert Koulman
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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