1
|
Fernandes ACS, Soares DC, Neves RFC, Koeller CM, Heise N, Adade CM, Frases S, Meyer-Fernandes JR, Saraiva EM, Souto-Padrón T. Endocytosis and Exocytosis in Leishmania amazonensis Are Modulated by Bromoenol Lactone. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:39. [PMID: 32117812 PMCID: PMC7020749 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the protozoan pathogen Leishmania, endocytosis, and exocytosis occur mainly in the small area of the flagellar pocket membrane, which makes this parasite an interesting model of strikingly polarized internalization and secretion. Moreover, little is known about vesicle recognition and fusion mechanisms, which are essential for both endo/exocytosis in this parasite. In other cell types, vesicle fusion events require the activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), including Ca2+-independent iPLA2 and soluble, Ca2+-dependent sPLA2. Here, we studied the role of bromoenol lactone (BEL) inhibition of endo/exocytosis in promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis. PLA2 activities were assayed in intact parasites, in whole conditioned media, and in soluble and extracellular vesicles (EVs) conditioned media fractions. BEL did not affect the viability of promastigotes, but reduced the differentiation into metacyclic forms. Intact parasites and EVs had BEL-sensitive iPLA2 activity. BEL treatment reduced total EVs secretion, as evidenced by reduced total protein concentration, as well as its size distribution and vesicles in the flagellar pocket of treated parasites as observed by TEM. Membrane proteins, such as acid phosphatases and GP63, became concentrated in the cytoplasm, mainly in multivesicular tubules of the endocytic pathway. BEL also prevented the endocytosis of BSA, transferrin and ConA, with the accumulation of these markers in the flagellar pocket. These results suggested that the activity inhibited by BEL, which is one of the irreversible inhibitors of iPLA2, is required for both endocytosis and exocytosis in promastigotes of L. amazonensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne C S Fernandes
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Deivid C Soares
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberta F C Neves
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina M Koeller
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Norton Heise
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila M Adade
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Susana Frases
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José R Meyer-Fernandes
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elvira M Saraiva
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thaïs Souto-Padrón
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee SH, Sud N, Lee N, Subramaniyam S, Chung CY. Regulation of Integrin α6 Recycling by Calcium-independent Phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) to Promote Microglia Chemotaxis on Laminin. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:23645-23653. [PMID: 27655917 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.732610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the immune effector cells that are activated in response to pathological changes in the central nervous system. Microglial activation is accompanied by the alteration of integrin expression on the microglia surface. However, changes of integrin expression upon chemoattractant (ADP) stimulation still remain unknown. In this study, we investigated whether ADP induces the alteration of integrin species on the cell surface, leading to changes in chemotactic ability on different extracellular matrix proteins. Flow cytometry scans and on-cell Western assays showed that ADP stimulation induced a significant increase of α6 integrin-GFP, but not α5, on the surface of microglia cells. Microglia also showed a greater motility increase on laminin than fibronectin after ADP stimulation. Time lapse microscopy and integrin endocytosis assay revealed the essential role of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity for the recycling of α6 integrin-GFP from the endosomal recycling complex to the plasma membrane. Lack of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity caused a reduced rate of focal adhesion formation on laminin at the leading edge. Our results suggest that the alteration of integrin-mediated adhesion may regulate the extent of microglial infiltration into the site of damage by controlling their chemotactic ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Lee
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600.,Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea, and
| | - Neetu Sud
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600
| | - Narae Lee
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600
| | - Selvaraj Subramaniyam
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chang Y Chung
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, .,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Le Parc A, Honvo Houéto E, Pigat N, Chat S, Leonil J, Chanat E. The membrane-associated form of α(s1)-casein interacts with cholesterol-rich detergent-resistant microdomains. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115903. [PMID: 25549363 PMCID: PMC4280128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Caseins, the main milk proteins, interact with colloidal calcium phosphate to form the casein micelle. The mesostructure of this supramolecular assembly markedly influences its nutritional and technological functionalities. However, its detailed molecular organization and the cellular mechanisms involved in its biogenesis have been only partially established. There is a growing body of evidence to support the concept that α(s1)-casein takes center stage in casein micelle building and transport in the secretory pathway of mammary epithelial cells. Here we have investigated the membrane-associated form of α(s1)-casein in rat mammary epithelial cells. Using metabolic labelling we show that α(s1)-casein becomes associated with membranes at the level of the endoplasmic reticulum, with no subsequent increase at the level of the Golgi apparatus. From morphological and biochemical data, it appears that caseins are in a tight relationship with membranes throughout the secretory pathway. On the other hand, we have observed that the membrane-associated form of α(s1)-casein co-purified with detergent-resistant membranes. It was poorly solubilised by Tween 20, partially insoluble in Lubrol WX, and substantially insoluble in Triton X-100. Finally, we found that cholesterol depletion results in the release of the membrane-associated form of α(s1)-casein. These experiments reveal that the insolubility of α(s1)-casein reflects its partial association with a cholesterol-rich detergent-resistant microdomain. We propose that the membrane-associated form of α(s1)-casein interacts with the lipid microdomain, or lipid raft, that forms within the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum, for efficient forward transport and sorting in the secretory pathway of mammary epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Le Parc
- UR1196 Génomique et Physiologie de la Lactation, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Edith Honvo Houéto
- UR1196 Génomique et Physiologie de la Lactation, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Natascha Pigat
- UR1196 Génomique et Physiologie de la Lactation, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sophie Chat
- UR1196 Génomique et Physiologie de la Lactation, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Joëlle Leonil
- UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Rennes, France
| | - Eric Chanat
- UR1196 Génomique et Physiologie de la Lactation, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Truchet S, Chat S, Ollivier-Bousquet M. Milk secretion: The role of SNARE proteins. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2014; 19:119-30. [PMID: 24264376 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-013-9311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During lactation, polarized mammary epithelial secretory cells (MESCs) secrete huge quantities of the nutrient molecules that make up milk, i.e. proteins, fat globules and soluble components such as lactose and minerals. Some of these nutrients are only produced by the MESCs themselves, while others are to a great extent transferred from the blood. MESCs can thus be seen as a crossroads for both the uptake and the secretion with cross-talks between intracellular compartments that enable spatial and temporal coordination of the secretion of the milk constituents. Although the physiology of lactation is well understood, the molecular mechanisms underlying the secretion of milk components remain incompletely characterized. Major milk proteins, namely caseins, are secreted by exocytosis, while the milk fat globules are released by budding, being enwrapped by the apical plasma membrane. Prolactin, which stimulates the transcription of casein genes, also induces the production of arachidonic acid, leading to accelerated casein transport and/or secretion. Because of their ability to form complexes that bridge two membranes and promote their fusion, SNARE (Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor Attachment Protein Receptor) proteins are involved in almost all intracellular trafficking steps and exocytosis. As SNAREs can bind arachidonic acid, they could be the effectors of the secretagogue effect of prolactin in MESCs. Indeed, some SNAREs have been observed between secretory vesicles and lipid droplets suggesting that these proteins could not only orchestrate the intracellular trafficking of milk components but also act as key regulators for both the coupling and coordination of milk product secretion in response to hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Truchet
- INRA, UR1196 Génomique et Physiologie de la Lactation, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Maintenance of synaptic stability requires calcium-independent phospholipase A₂ activity. Neural Plast 2012; 2012:569149. [PMID: 22685677 PMCID: PMC3364014 DOI: 10.1155/2012/569149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipases A₂ (PLA₂s) represent one of the largest groups of lipid-modifying enzymes. Over the years, significant advances have been made in understanding their potential physiological and pathological functions. Depending on their calcium requirement for activation, PLA₂s are classified into calcium dependent and independent. This paper mainly focuses on brain calcium-independent PLA₂ (iPLA₂) and on the mechanisms by which they influence neuronal function and regulate synaptic plasticity. Particular attention will be given to the iPLA₂γ isoform and its role in the regulation of synaptic glutamate receptors. In particular, the paper discusses the possibility that brain iPLA₂γ deficiencies could destabilise normal synaptic operation and might contribute to the aetiology of some brain disorders. In this line, the paper presents new data indicating that iPLA₂γ deficiencies accentuate AMPA receptor destabilization and tau phosphorylation, which suggests that this iPLA₂ isoform should be considered as a potential target for the treatment of Tau-related disorders.
Collapse
|
6
|
Chat S, Layani S, Mahaut C, Henry C, Chanat E, Truchet S. Characterisation of the potential SNARE proteins relevant to milk product release by mouse mammary epithelial cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2011; 90:401-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
7
|
Le Parc A, Leonil J, Chanat E. AlphaS1-casein, which is essential for efficient ER-to-Golgi casein transport, is also present in a tightly membrane-associated form. BMC Cell Biol 2010; 11:65. [PMID: 20704729 PMCID: PMC2928771 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-11-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caseins, the main milk proteins, aggregate in the secretory pathway of mammary epithelial cells into large supramolecular structures, casein micelles. The role of individual caseins in this process and the mesostructure of the casein micelle are poorly known. RESULTS In this study, we investigate primary steps of casein micelle formation in rough endoplasmic reticulum-derived vesicles prepared from rat or goat mammary tissues. The majority of both alphaS1- and beta-casein which are cysteine-containing casein was dimeric in the endoplasmic reticulum. Saponin permeabilisation of microsomal membranes in physico-chemical conditions believed to conserve casein interactions demonstrated that rat immature beta-casein is weakly aggregated in the endoplasmic reticulum. In striking contrast, a large proportion of immature alphaS1-casein was recovered in permeabilised microsomes when incubated in conservative conditions. Furthermore, a substantial amount of alphaS1-casein remained associated with microsomal or post-ER membranes after saponin permeabilisation in non-conservative conditions or carbonate extraction at pH11, all in the presence of DTT. Finally, we show that protein dimerisation via disulfide bond is involved in the interaction of alphaS1-casein with membranes. CONCLUSIONS These experiments reveal for the first time the existence of a membrane-associated form of alphaS1-casein in the endoplasmic reticulum and in more distal compartments of the secretory pathway of mammary epithelial cells. Our data suggest that alphaS1-casein, which is required for efficient export of the other caseins from the endoplasmic reticulum, plays a key role in early steps of casein micelle biogenesis and casein transport in the secretory pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Le Parc
- INRA, UR1196 Génomique et Physiologie de la Lactation, Domaine de Vilvert, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lipid-deprived diet perturbs O-glycosylation of secretory proteins in rat mammary epithelial cells. Animal 2008; 2:491-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731107001309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
9
|
Mannello F, Qin W, Zhu W, Fabbri L, Tonti GA, Sauter ER. Nipple aspirate fluids from women with breast cancer contain increased levels of group IIa secretory phospholipase A2. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007; 111:209-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-007-9779-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2007] [Accepted: 09/27/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|