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Juszczak M, Zawrotniak M, Rapala-Kozik M. Complexation of fungal extracellular nucleic acids by host LL-37 peptide shapes neutrophil response to Candida albicans biofilm. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1295168. [PMID: 38384468 PMCID: PMC10880380 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1295168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans remains the predominant cause of fungal infections, where adhered microbial cells form biofilms - densely packed communities. The central feature of C. albicans biofilms is the production of an extracellular matrix (ECM) consisting of polymers and extracellular nucleic acids (eDNA, eRNA), which significantly impedes the infiltration of host cells. Neutrophils, as crucial players in the innate host defense, employ several mechanisms to eradicate the fungal infection, including NETosis, endocytosis, or the release of granules containing, among others, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The main representative of these is the positively charged peptide LL-37 formed from an inactive precursor (hCAP18). In addition to its antimicrobial functions, this peptide possesses a propensity to interact with negatively charged molecules, including nucleic acids. Our in vitro studies have demonstrated that LL-37 contacting with C. albicans nucleic acids, isolated from biofilm, are complexed by the peptide and its shorter derivatives, as confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. We indicated that the generation of the complexes induces discernible alterations in the neutrophil response to fungal nucleic acids compared to the effects of unconjugated molecules. Our analyses involving fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and Western blotting revealed that stimulation of neutrophils with DNA:LL-37 or RNA:LL-37 complexes hamper the activation of pro-apoptotic caspases 3 and 7 and fosters increased activation of anti-apoptotic pathways mediated by the Mcl-1 protein. Furthermore, the formation of complexes elicits a dual effect on neutrophil immune response. Firstly, they facilitate increased nucleic acid uptake, as evidenced by microscopic observations, and enhance the pro-inflammatory response, promoting IL-8 production. Secondly, the complexes detection suppresses the production of reactive oxygen species and attenuates NETosis activation. In conclusion, these findings may imply that the neutrophil immune response shifts toward mobilizing the immune system as a whole, rather than inactivating the pathogen locally. Our findings shed new light on the intricate interplay between the constituents of the C. albicans biofilm and the host's immune response and indicate possible reasons for the elimination of NETosis from the arsenal of the neutrophil response during contact with the fungal biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Juszczak
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Zawrotniak
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Rapala-Kozik
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Macrophage and Neutrophil Interactions in the Pancreatic Tumor Microenvironment Drive the Pathogenesis of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010194. [PMID: 35008355 PMCID: PMC8750413 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The survival rates for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma are very low. This dismal prognosis is due in part to late detection and early development of metastases, and successful treatments for pancreatic adenocarcinoma are also lacking. One potential method of treatment is immunotherapy, which has been successfully implemented in several cancers. Despite success in other cancer types, there has been little progress in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. To understand these shortcomings, we explore the roles of macrophages and neutrophils, two prominent immune cell types in the pancreatic tumor environment. In this review, we discuss how macrophages and neutrophils lead to the harsh environment that is unique to pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We further explore how these immune cells can impact standard of care therapies and decrease their effectiveness. Macrophages and neutrophils could ultimately be targeted to improve outcomes for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Abstract Despite modest improvements in survival in recent years, pancreatic adenocarcinoma remains a deadly disease with a 5-year survival rate of only 9%. These poor outcomes are driven by failure of early detection, treatment resistance, and propensity for early metastatic spread. Uncovering innovative therapeutic modalities to target the resistance mechanisms that make pancreatic cancer largely incurable are urgently needed. In this review, we discuss the immune composition of pancreatic tumors, including the counterintuitive fact that there is a significant inflammatory immune infiltrate in pancreatic cancer yet anti-tumor mechanisms are subverted and immune behaviors are suppressed. Here, we emphasize how immune cell interactions generate tumor progression and treatment resistance. We narrow in on tumor macrophage (TAM) spatial arrangement, polarity/function, recruitment, and origin to introduce a concept where interactions with tumor neutrophils (TAN) perpetuate the microenvironment. The sequelae of macrophage and neutrophil activities contributes to tumor remodeling, fibrosis, hypoxia, and progression. We also discuss immune mechanisms driving resistance to standard of care modalities. Finally, we describe a cadre of treatment targets, including those intended to overcome TAM and TAN recruitment and function, to circumvent barriers presented by immune infiltration in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Peripheral loss of EphA4 ameliorates TBI-induced neuroinflammation and tissue damage. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:210. [PMID: 31711546 PMCID: PMC6844068 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The continuum of pro- and anti-inflammatory response elicited by traumatic brain injury (TBI) is suggested to play a key role in the outcome of TBI; however, the underlying mechanisms remain ill -defined. METHODS Here, we demonstrate that using bone marrow chimeric mice and systemic inhibition of EphA4 receptor shifts the pro-inflammatory milieu to pro-resolving following acute TBI. RESULTS EphA4 expression is increased in the injured cortex as early as 2 h post-TBI and on CX3CR1gfp-positive cells in the peri-lesion. Systemic inhibition or genetic deletion of EphA4 significantly reduced cortical lesion volume and shifted the inflammatory profile of peripheral-derived immune cells to pro-resolving in the damaged cortex. These findings were consistent with in vitro studies showing EphA4 inhibition or deletion altered the inflammatory state of LPS-stimulated monocyte/macrophages towards anti-inflammatory. Phosphoarray analysis revealed that EphA4 may regulate pro-inflammatory gene expression by suppressing the mTOR, Akt, and NF-κB pathways. Our human metadata analysis further demonstrates increased EPHA4 and pro-inflammatory gene expression, which correlates with reduced AKT concurrent with increased brain injury severity in patients. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings implicate EphA4 as a novel mediator of cortical tissue damage and neuroinflammation following TBI.
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Lavoie SS, Dumas E, Vulesevic B, Neagoe PE, White M, Sirois MG. Synthesis of Human Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Contributes to Angiopoietin-Mediated In Vitro Proinflammatory and Proangiogenic Activities. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:3801-3813. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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CD47 overexpression is associated with decreased neutrophil apoptosis/phagocytosis and poor prognosis in non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Br J Cancer 2017. [PMID: 28632731 PMCID: PMC5537491 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients often exhibit neutrophilia, which has been associated with poor clinical outcomes. However, the mechanisms that lead to neutrophilia have not been fully established. CD47 is an antiphagocytic molecule that promotes neutrophil recruitment. Methods: Blood was collected from 50 treatment-naive patients with advanced NSCLC and from 25 healthy subjects. The frequency of CD66b+ cells and the expression of CD47 were determined by flow cytometry. Neutrophil apoptosis was determined by 7-amino-actinomycin D/Annexin V-APC staining. Phagocytosis was assessed by flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species production after phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate treatment was quantified by 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein fluorescence. Pro-inflammatory plasma cytokines were quantified using a cytometric bead array assay. Results: The percentage of circulating neutrophils was significantly higher in patients than in controls (P<0.001). Patient-derived neutrophils had a higher oxidative potential than those of controls (P=0.0286). The number of neutrophils in late apoptosis/necrosis was lower in patients than in controls (P=0.0317). Caspase 3/7 activation was also lower in patients than in controls (P=0.0079). CD47 expression in whole-blood samples and in the neutrophil fraction was higher in NSCLC patients than in controls (P=0.0408 and P<0.001). Patient-derived neutrophils were phagocytosed at a lower rate than those of controls (P=0.0445). CD47 expression in neutrophils negatively correlated with their ingestion by macrophages (P=0.0039). High CD47 expression was associated with a lower overall survival. Conclusions: Increased CD47 expression on the surface of neutrophils was associated with a delay in neutrophil apoptosis and with an impairment in their phagocytic clearance by macrophages, suggesting that CD47 overexpression may be one of the underlying mechanisms leading to neutrophilia in NSCLC patients.
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Burnett A, Gomez I, De Leon DD, Ariaans M, Progias P, Kammerer RA, Velasco G, Marron M, Hellewell P, Ridger V. Angiopoietin-1 enhances neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro and migration in vivo through interaction with CD18 and release of CCL4. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2332. [PMID: 28539655 PMCID: PMC5443761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietins are a family of growth factors that are ligands for the tyrosine kinase receptor, Tie2. Angiopoietin 1 (Ang-1) is agonistic for Tie2, plays a key role in blood vessel maturation and stability and has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties. However, Tie2 expression has been demonstrated on human neutrophils and the observation that neutrophils migrate in response to Ang-1 in vitro has confounded research into its exact role in inflammation as well as its potential use as a therapeutic agent. We used a mouse model of peritoneal neutrophilic inflammation to determine if Ang-1 could stimulate neutrophil migration in vivo. Tie2 expression was demonstrated on mouse neutrophils. In addition, recombinant human Ang-1 induced significant chemotaxis of isolated mouse neutrophils in a Tie2- and CD18-dependent manner. Subsequently, co-immunoprecipitation of Ang-1 and CD18 demonstrated their interaction. Intraperitoneal injection of an engineered angiopoietin-1, MAT.Ang-1, induced significant neutrophil migration into the peritoneum and a significant increase in the levels of CCL4 in peritoneal lavage fluid. Depletion of resident peritoneal macrophages prior to, or concomitant injections of an anti-CCL4 antibody with MAT.Ang-1 resulted in a significant reduction in neutrophil recruitment. These data indicate a pro-inflammatory role for Ang-1 with respect to neutrophil recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Burnett
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health. University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ingrid Gomez
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health. University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - David Davila De Leon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark Ariaans
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health. University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Pavlos Progias
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Richard A Kammerer
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Guillermo Velasco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marie Marron
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health. University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paul Hellewell
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Victoria Ridger
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health. University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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Dumas E, Neagoe PE, McDonald PP, White M, Sirois MG. New Insights into the Pro-Inflammatory Activities of Ang1 on Neutrophils: Induction of MIP-1β Synthesis and Release. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163140. [PMID: 27632174 PMCID: PMC5025150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported the expression of angiopoietin Tie2 receptor on human neutrophils and the capacity of angiopoietins (Ang1 and Ang2) to induce pro-inflammatory activities, such as platelet-activating factor synthesis, β2-integrin activation and neutrophil migration. Recently, we observed differential effects between both angiopoietins, namely, the capacity of Ang1, but not Ang2, to promote rapid interleukin-8 synthesis and release, as well as neutrophil viability. Herein, we addressed whether Ang1 and/or Ang2 could modulate the synthesis and release of macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β) by neutrophils. Neutrophils were isolated from blood of healthy volunteers; intracellular and extracellular MIP-1β protein concentrations were assessed by ELISA. After 24 hours, the basal intracellular and extracellular MIP-1β protein concentrations were ≈500 and 100 pg/106 neutrophils, respectively. Treatment with Ang1 (10 nM) increased neutrophil intracellular and extracellular MIP-1β concentrations by 310 and 388% respectively. Pretreatment with PI3K (LY294002), p38 MAPK (SB203580) and MEK (U0126) inhibitors completely inhibited Ang1-mediated increase of MIP-1β intracellular and extracellular protein levels. Pretreatment with NF-κB complex inhibitors, namely Bay11-7085 and IKK inhibitor VII or with a transcription inhibitor (actinomycin D) and protein synthesis inhibitor (cycloheximide), did also abrogate Ang1-mediated increase of MIP-1β intracellular and extracellular protein levels. We validated by RT-qPCR analyses the effect of Ang1 on the induction of MIP-1β mRNA levels. Our study is the first one to report Ang1 capacity to induce MIP-1β gene expression, protein synthesis and release from neutrophils, and that these effects are mediated by PI3K, p38 MAPK and MEK activation and downstream NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Dumas
- Research center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (Quebec), Canada
- Departments of pharmacology, Faculty of medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal (Quebec), Canada
| | - Paul-Eduard Neagoe
- Research center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (Quebec), Canada
- Departments of pharmacology, Faculty of medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal (Quebec), Canada
| | - Patrick P. McDonald
- Pulmonary Division/Research, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke (Quebec), Canada
| | - Michel White
- Research center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (Quebec), Canada
- Departments of medicine, Faculty of medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal (Quebec), Canada
| | - Martin G. Sirois
- Research center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (Quebec), Canada
- Departments of pharmacology, Faculty of medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal (Quebec), Canada
- * E-mail:
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Sinnathamby T, Yun J, Clavet-Lanthier MÉ, Cheong C, Sirois MG. VEGF and angiopoietins promote inflammatory cell recruitment and mature blood vessel formation in murine sponge/Matrigel model. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:45-57. [PMID: 25145474 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A key feature in the induction of pathological angiogenesis is that inflammation precedes and accompanies the formation of neovessels as evidenced by increased vascular permeability and the recruitment of inflammatory cells. Previously, we and other groups have shown that selected growth factors, namely vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietins (Ang1 and Ang2) do not only promote angiogenesis, but can also induce inflammatory response. Herein, given a pro-inflammatory environment, we addressed the individual capacity of VEGF and angiopoietins to promote the formation of mature neovessels and to identify the different types of inflammatory cells accompanying the angiogenic process over time. Sterilized polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponges soaked in growth factor-depleted Matrigel mixed with PBS, VEGF, Ang1, or Ang2 (200 ng/200 µl) were subcutaneously inserted into anesthetized mice. Sponges were removed at day 4, 7, 14, or 21 post-procedure for histological, immunohistological (IHC), and flow cytometry analyses. As compared to PBS-treated sponges, the three growth factors promoted the recruitment of inflammatory cells, mainly neutrophils and macrophages, and to a lesser extent, T- and B-cells. In addition, they were more potent and more rapid in the recruitment of endothelial cells (ECs) and in the formation and maturation (ensheating of smooth muscle cells around ECs) of neovessels. Thus, the autocrine/paracrine interaction among the different inflammatory cells in combination with VEGF, Ang1, or Ang2 provides a suitable microenvironment for the formation and maturation of blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharsika Sinnathamby
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Li N, Richoux R, Perruchot MH, Boutinaud M, Mayol JF, Gagnaire V. Flow Cytometry Approach to Quantify the Viability of Milk Somatic Cell Counts after Various Physico-Chemical Treatments. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0146071. [PMID: 26717151 PMCID: PMC4696793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometry has been used as a routine method to count somatic cells in milk, and to ascertain udder health and milk quality. However, few studies investigate the viability of somatic cells and even fewer at a subpopulation level to follow up how the cells can resist to various stresses that can be encountered during technological processes. To address this issue, a flow cytometry approach was used to simultaneously identify cell types of bovine milk using cell-specific antibodies and to measure the cell viability among the identified subpopulations by using a live/dead cell viability kit. Confirmation of the cell viability was performed by using conventional microscopy. Different physico-chemical treatments were carried out on standardized cell samples, such as heat treatment, various centrifugation rates and storage in milk or in PBS pH 7.4 for three days. Cytometry gating strategy was developed by using blood cell samples stored at 4°C in PBS and milk cell samples heat-treated at 80°C for 30 min as a control for the maximum (95.9%) and minimum (0.7%) values of cell viability respectively. Cell viability in the initial samples was 39.5% for all cells and varied for each cell population from 26.7% for PMNs, to 32.6% for macrophages, and 58.3% for lymphocytes. Regarding the physico-chemical treatments applied, somatic cells did not sustain heat treatment at 60°C and 80°C in contrast to changes in centrifugation rates, for which only the higher level, i.e. 5000×g led to a cell viability decrease, down to 9.4%, but no significant changes within the cell subpopulation distribution were observed. Finally, the somatic cells were better preserved in milk after 72h storage, in particular PMNs, that maintained a viability of 34.0 ± 2.9% compared to 4.9±1.9% in PBS, while there was almost no changes for macrophages (41.7 ± 5.7% in milk vs 31.2 ± 2.4% in PBS) and lymphocytes (25.3 ± 3.0% in milk vs 11.4 ± 3.1% in PBS). This study provides a new array to better understand milk cell biology and to establish the relationship between the cell viability and the release of their endogenous enzymes in dairy matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- INRA, UMR 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’Œuf, 35042 Rennes, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’Œuf, 35042 Rennes, France
- Actalia, BP 50915, 35009 Rennes, France
| | | | - Marie-Hélène Perruchot
- INRA, UMR 1348, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l’animal et les systèmes d’élevage, 35590 Saint Gilles, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1348, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l’animal et les systèmes d’élevage, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Marion Boutinaud
- INRA, UMR 1348, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l’animal et les systèmes d’élevage, 35590 Saint Gilles, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1348, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l’animal et les systèmes d’élevage, 35000, Rennes, France
| | | | - Valérie Gagnaire
- INRA, UMR 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’Œuf, 35042 Rennes, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’Œuf, 35042 Rennes, France
- * E-mail:
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Varricchi G, Granata F, Loffredo S, Genovese A, Marone G. Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in inflammatory skin disorders. J Am Acad Dermatol 2015; 73:144-53. [PMID: 25922287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, occurs physiologically in wound healing, during inflammatory diseases, and in tumor growth. Lymphangiogenesis can be activated in inflammation and tumor metastasis. The family of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and angiopoietins are essential for angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. The angiogenic process is tightly regulated by VEGFs, angiopoietins, and endogenous inhibitors. VEGFs and angiopoietins exert their effects by activating specific receptors present on blood and lymphatic endothelial cells. There is now compelling evidence that cells of innate and adaptive immunity (macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes) are a major source of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors. Chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis are characterized by altered angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, or both. Also such acute inflammatory skin disorders as urticaria, ultraviolet B-induced damage, and angioedema are associated with changes in angiogenic factors. In systemic sclerosis there is a switch from proangiogenic to antiangiogenic factors that play a role in the defective vascular process of this disorder. As yet, there are no clinical trials showing that canonical VEGF/VEGF receptor-targeted strategies can modulate inflammatory skin diseases. Novel strategies targeting other angiogenic/lymphangiogenic pathways should also be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francescopaolo Granata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Genovese
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
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Vitiello D, Chaar D, Neagoe PE, Ducharme A, Carrier M, Pelletier GB, Racine N, Liszkowski M, Sirois MG, White M. Decreased circulating and neutrophil mediated VEGF-A165 release in stable long-term cardiac transplant recipients. Vasc Cell 2015; 7:4. [PMID: 25922663 PMCID: PMC4411699 DOI: 10.1186/s13221-015-0029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may play a role on the allograft remodelling following cardiac transplantation (CTx). We measured the circulating levels of VEGF-A165 concomitantly with the proinflammatory (Interleukin-8; IL-8), anti-inflammatory (IL-1 receptor antagonist; IL-1RA) and their release from neutrophils of CTx recipients. Methods Eighteen CTx recipients aged 49.6 ± 3.1 years, being transplanted for 145 ± 20 months were age-matched to 35 healthy control (HC) subjects. Concomitantly to plasma assessment, circulating neutrophils were isolated, purified and stimulated by vehicle (PBS), N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP, 10−7 M), bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 μg/mL), or tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α, 10 ng/mL). Results Compared with HC, CTx recipients exhibited a decrease (−80%) in plasmatic levels of VEGF-A165 (225 ± 42 (HC) vs 44 ± 10 pg/mL (CTx); (p < 0.001). There were no differences in the levels of IL-8 and IL-1RA. Under basal or stimulated conditions, neutrophils from CTx patients exhibited a marked decrease ranging from −30 to −88% on their capacity to release VEGF-A165, IL-8 and IL-1RA upon stimulation. Conclusions Long-term CTx recipients exhibit a marked reduction in the circulating levels of VEGF-A165, as well as neutrophil-mediated release of VEGF-A165, IL-1RA and IL-8 compared to healthy volunteers. The mechanisms and physiological impacts of these findings deserve additional investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Vitiello
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Qc Canada ; Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Diana Chaar
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Qc Canada ; Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, QC Canada
| | | | - Anique Ducharme
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Qc Canada ; Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Michel Carrier
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Qc Canada ; Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Guy B Pelletier
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Qc Canada ; Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Normand Racine
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Qc Canada ; Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Mark Liszkowski
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Qc Canada ; Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Martin G Sirois
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Qc Canada ; Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Michel White
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Qc Canada ; Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, QC Canada
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Haddad LE, Sirois MG. Angiopoietin-1 upregulates de novo expression of IL-1β and Il1-Ra, and the exclusive release of Il1-Ra from human neutrophils. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88980. [PMID: 24563688 PMCID: PMC3923077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of the angiopoietin (Ang) receptor, Tie2, on both endothelial and inflammatory cells supports the idea that Ang signaling may play a fundamental role in initiating and maintaining the inflammatory response. We have previously shown that Ang1 and/or Ang2 alter the innate immune response by enhancing human neutrophil survival, chemotaxis and production of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) in vitro. Thus, we hypothesized that Ang1 and Ang2 could modulate other inflammatory signals in neutrophils, a possibility we explored through a gene-based assay looking at changes in the mRNA expression of 84 inflammatory cytokines and their receptors. We observed that Ang1 (10(-8) M), but not Ang2, increased mRNA expression of prominent pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and its natural antagonist IL-1RA, by up to 32.6- and 10.0-fold respectively, compared to PBS-control. The effects of Ang1 extended to the proteins, as Ang1 increased intracellular levels of precursor and mature IL-1β, and extracellular levels of IL-1RA proteins, by up to 4.2-, 5.0- and 4.4-fold respectively, compared to PBS-control. Interestingly, Ang1 failed at inducing IL-1β protein release or at increasing intracellular IL-1RA, but the ratio of IL-1RA to mature IL-1β remained above 100-fold molar excess inside and outside the cells. The above-noted effects of Ang1 were mediated by MAP kinases, whereby inhibiting MEK1/2 lead to up to 70% effect reduction, whereas the blockade of p38MAPK activity doubled Ang1's effect. These findings suggest that Ang1 selectively alters the balance of neutrophil-derived inflammatory cytokines, favoring the blockade of IL-1 activity, a consideration for future therapies of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia E. Haddad
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Canada
- Department Of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université De Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Martin G. Sirois
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Canada
- Department Of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université De Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Tecchio C, Scapini P, Pizzolo G, Cassatella MA. On the cytokines produced by human neutrophils in tumors. Semin Cancer Biol 2013; 23:159-70. [PMID: 23410636 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although traditionally viewed as short-lived innate immunity cells, only playing a crucial role in host defense toward infections, neutrophils have recently become subject of a new wave of research in diverse areas including in tumors. Indeed, increasing experimental evidence indicate that neutrophils may directly or indirectly influence the tumor fate through the release of a wide array of molecules able to exert either pro-tumor or anti-tumor functions depending on the microenvironment milieu, including cytokines. This review therefore attempts to uncover the role that neutrophils play during the different steps of tumor development (from promotion to progression), as well as in anti-tumor responses, via cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tecchio
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Spicer A, Calfee CS. Fixing the leak: targeting the vascular endothelium in sepsis. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2012; 16:177. [PMID: 23171759 PMCID: PMC3672578 DOI: 10.1186/cc11829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-1 is a Tie-2 receptor agonist that stabilizes vascular endothelium, promoting endothelial maturation and preventing capillary leak. Angiopoietin-2 is largely a competitive partial antagonist that is markedly elevated in humans and animal models of sepsis and other inflammatory states, directly disrupts the endothelial barrier, and has been correlated with end-organ dysfunction and death in sepsis. In the previous issue of Critical Care, Alfieri and colleagues used intravital microscopy to study the microvasculature in a murine model of sepsis. Treatment with a modified angiopoietin-1 molecule led to reversal of albumin vascular leak and improved blood flow to skeletal muscle, as well as a decrease in the levels of several inflammatory cytokines. Importantly, the angiopoietin-1 variant was administered 20 hours after initial lipopolysaccharide challenge. This study adds to the evidence that the angiopoietin/Tie-2 axis represents a modifiable pathway through which targeted therapy may be able to directly reverse part of the pathology of sepsis.
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