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Ite K, Yonezawa K, Kitanishi K, Shimizu N, Unno M. Optimal Mutant Model of Human S100A3 Protein Citrullinated at Arg51 by Peptidylarginine Deiminase Type III and Its Solution Structural Properties. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:4032-4042. [PMID: 32149230 PMCID: PMC7057681 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
S100A3 protein, a member of the EF-hand-type Ca2+-binding S100 protein family, undergoes a Ca2+-/Zn2+-induced structural change to a tetrameric state upon specific citrullination of R51 in human hair cuticular cells. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we prepared recombinant mutant S100A3 proteins, including R51A, R51C, R51E, R51K, and R51Q, as potential models of post-translationally modified S100A3 and evaluated their biophysical and biochemical properties relative to wild-type (WT) S100A3 and WT citrullinated in vitro. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) showed that R51Q formed a tetramer in the presence of Ca2+, while Ca2+ titration monitored by Trp fluorescence indicated that R51Q had Ca2+-binding properties similar to those of citrullinated S1003A. We therefore concluded that R51Q is the optimal mutant model of post-translationally modified S100A3. We compared the solution structure of WT S100A3 and the R51Q mutant in the absence and presence of Ca2+ and Zn2+ by SEC-small-angle X-ray scattering. The radius of gyration of R51Q in the metal-free state was almost the same as that of WT; however, it increased by ∼1.5-fold in the presence of Ca2+/Zn2+, indicating a large expansion in molecular size. By contrast, addition of Ca2+/Zn2+ to WT led to nonspecific aggregation in SEC analysis and dynamic light scattering, suggesting that citrullination of S100A3 is essential for stabilization of the Ca2+-/Zn2+-bound state. These findings will lead to the further development of structural analyses for the Ca2+-/Zn2+-bound S100A3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ite
- Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki
University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
- Frontier
Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences, Ibaraki University, 162-1 Shirakata, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Kento Yonezawa
- High
Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Institute of Materials Structure
Science, 1-1 Ohho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-3256, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kitanishi
- Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki
University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
- Frontier
Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences, Ibaraki University, 162-1 Shirakata, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shimizu
- High
Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Institute of Materials Structure
Science, 1-1 Ohho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-3256, Japan
| | - Masaki Unno
- Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki
University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
- Frontier
Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences, Ibaraki University, 162-1 Shirakata, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
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Minato T, Unno M, Kitano T. Evolution of S100A3 and PAD3, two important genes for mammalian hair. Gene 2019; 713:143975. [PMID: 31302167 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.143975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hair is one of the defining characteristics of mammals. The hair shaft has a two-layer structure comprising the cortex, which is the inner layer and is composed of cortical cells, and the cuticle, which is the outermost layer. S100 calcium-binding protein A3 (S100A3) is expressed at high levels in the human hair cuticle. Arginine 51 of S100A3 protein is citrullinated specifically by peptidylarginine deiminase 3 (PAD3), and this citrullination is related to maturation of the cuticle. However, the detailed evolutionary processes of S100A3 and PAD3 during mammalian evolution are unknown. Here, we show that nonsynonymous changes in S100A3 accelerated in the common ancestral branch of mammals, probably as a result of positive selection that returned after the acquisition of hair cuticle-specific function in mammals. Later, pseudogenisation or nonfunctionalisation of S100A3 and PAD3 occurred in some species, such as the cetaceans. Our results show that positive selection and relaxation of the functional constraints of genes played important roles in the evolution of mammalian hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Minato
- Department of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa-cho, Hitachi 316-8511, Japan
| | - Masaki Unno
- Department of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa-cho, Hitachi 316-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitano
- Department of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa-cho, Hitachi 316-8511, Japan.
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S100A3 a partner protein regulating the stability/activity of RARα and PML-RARα in cellular models of breast/lung cancer and acute myeloid leukemia. Oncogene 2019; 38:2482-2500. [PMID: 30532072 PMCID: PMC6484772 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0599-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
All trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) is used in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and it is a promising agent also in solid tumors. The pharmacological activity of ATRA is mediated by the ligand-activated RAR and RXR transcription factors. In the present study, we define the basal and ATRA dependent RARα interactome in a RARα-overexpressing breast cancer cellular model, identifying 28 nuclear proteins. We focus our attention on the S100A3 calcium-binding protein, which interacts with RARα constitutively. In ATRA-sensitive breast cancer cells, S100A3 binds to RARα in basal conditions and binding is reduced by the retinoid. The interaction of S100A3 with RARα is direct and in lung cancer, APL and acute-myeloid-leukemia (AML) cells. In APL, S100A3 interacts not only with RARα, but also with PML-RARα. The interaction surface maps to the RARα ligand-binding domain, where the I396 residue plays a crucial role. Binding of S100A3 to RARα/PML-RARα controls the constitutive and ATRA-dependent degradation of these receptors. S100A3 knockdown decreases the amounts of RARα in breast- and lung cancer cells, inducing resistance to ATRA-dependent anti-proliferative/differentiating effects. Conversely, S100A3 knockdown in PML-RARα+ APL and PML-RARα- AML cells reduces the amounts of RARα/PML-RARα and increases basal and ATRA-induced differentiation. In this cellular context, opposite effects on RARα/PML-RARα levels and ATRA-induced differentiation are observed upon S100A3 overexpression. Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling RARα activity and have practical implications, as S100A3 represents a novel target for rational drug combinations aimed at potentiating the activity of ATRA.
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Świerczewska M, Klejewski A, Wojtowicz K, Brązert M, Iżycki D, Nowicki M, Zabel M, Januchowski R. New and Old Genes Associated with Primary and Established Responses to Cisplatin and Topotecan Treatment in Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101717. [PMID: 29027969 PMCID: PMC6151558 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low efficiency of chemotherapy in ovarian cancer results from the development of drug resistance. Cisplatin (CIS) and topotecan (TOP) are drugs used in chemotherapy of this cancer. We analyzed the development of CIS and TOP resistance in ovarian cancer cell lines. Incubation of drug sensitive cell lines (W1 and A2780) with cytostatic drugs was used to determine the primary response to CIS and TOP. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) was performed to measure the expression levels of the genes. We observed decreased expression of the MCTP1 gene in all resistant cell lines. We observed overexpression of the S100A3 and HERC5 genes in TOP-resistant cell lines. Increased expression of the S100A3 gene was also observed in CIS-resistant A2780 sublines. Overexpression of the C4orf18 gene was observed in CIS- and TOP-resistant A2780 sublines. A short time of exposure to CIS led to increased expression of the ABCC2 gene in the W1 and A2780 cell lines and increased expression of the C4orf18 gene in the A2780 cell line. A short time of exposure to TOP led to increased expression of the S100A3 and HERC5 genes in both sensitive cell lines, increased expression of the C4orf18 gene in the A2780 cell line and downregulation of the MCTP1 gene in the W1 cell line. Our results suggest that changes in expression of the MCTP1, S100A3 and C4orf18 genes may be related to both CIS and TOP resistance. Increased expression of the HERC5 gene seems to be important only in TOP resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Świerczewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Klejewski
- Department of Nursing, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 11 St., 60-179 Poznan, Poland.
- Department of Obstetrics and Womens Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 11 St., 60-179 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Karolina Wojtowicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Maciej Brązert
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Iżycki
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland, Garbary 15 St., 61-866 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Michał Nowicki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland.
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Wrocław Medical University, Chałubińskiego 6a, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Radosław Januchowski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland.
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Tao R, Wang ZF, Qiu W, He YF, Yan WQ, Sun WY, Li HJ. Role of S100A3 in human hepatocellular carcinoma and the anticancer effect of sodium cantharidinate. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2812-2818. [PMID: 28588665 PMCID: PMC5450779 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The fifth most common cancer worldwide is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which has an annual mortality rate of ~800,000. Although surgical procedures for HCC, such as hepatic resection and liver transplantation, have progressed and the outcomes of patients have improved, HCC is still characterized by frequent recurrence, even after liver transplantation. In the present study the expression of the protein coding gene, S100 calcium binding protein A3 (S100A3), was observed in 62 HCC tissues and tumor-surrounding tissues. The present study indicated that S100A3 activation was involved in tumorigenesis and tumor aggressiveness. The protein and mRNA expression levels of S100A3 in the human HCC cell line (HepG2) were investigated using western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, respectively. The function of sodium cantharidinate in inducing HCC cell apoptosis was also investigated. Sodium cantharidinate inhibited the protein and gene expression of S100A3 in HepG2 cells in vitro. These data suggested that S100A3 has an important role in human HCC. The present study indicates that the functional properties of sodium cantharidinate are promising for the development of a novel drug that may control the expression of S100A3 and improve the treatment of human HCC in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Management, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Feng Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Fang He
- Institute of Phytochemistry, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Qun Yan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Management, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Yi Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Management, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Jun Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Amin B, Voelter W. Human Deiminases: Isoforms, Substrate Specificities, Kinetics, and Detection. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 106:203-240. [PMID: 28762090 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-59542-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes are of enormous interest in biomedicine. They catalyze the conversion of a positively-charged guanidinium at an arginine side chain into a neutral ureido group. As a result of this conversion, proteins acquire the non-ribosomally encoded amino acid "citrulline". This imposes critical influences on the structure and function of the target molecules. In multiple sclerosis, myelin hyper-citrullination promotes demyelination by reducing its compaction and triggers auto-antibody production. Immune responses to citrulline-containing proteins play a central role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Moreover, auto-antibodies, specific to citrullinated proteins, such as collagen type I and II and filaggrin, are early detectable in rheumatoid arthritis, serving as diagnostic markers of the disease. Despite their significance, little is understood about the role in demyelinating disorders, diversified cancers, and auto-immune diseases. To impart their biological and pathological effects, it is crucial to better understand the reaction mechanism, kinetic properties, substrate selection, and specificities of peptidylarginine deiminase isoforms.Many aspects of PAD biochemistry and physiology have been ignored in past, but, herein is presented a comprehensive survey to improve our current understandings of the underlying mechanism and regulation of PAD enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Amin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15260, PA, USA.
| | - Wolfgang Voelter
- Interfacultary Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 4, 72076, Tübingen, BW, Germany
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Gilston BA, Skaar EP, Chazin WJ. Binding of transition metals to S100 proteins. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 59:792-801. [PMID: 27430886 PMCID: PMC5123432 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-5088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The S100 proteins are a unique class of EF-hand Ca(2+) binding proteins distributed in a cell-specific, tissue-specific, and cell cycle-specific manner in humans and other vertebrates. These proteins are distinguished by their distinctive homodimeric structure, both intracellular and extracellular functions, and the ability to bind transition metals at the dimer interface. Here we summarize current knowledge of S100 protein binding of Zn(2+), Cu(2+) and Mn(2+) ions, focusing on binding affinities, conformational changes that arise from metal binding, and the roles of transition metal binding in S100 protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Gilston
- Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-9717, USA
| | - Eric P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232-2561, USA
| | - Walter J Chazin
- Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-9717, USA.
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Unno M, Kinjo S, Kizawa K, Takahara H. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of human peptidylarginine deiminase type I. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2013; 69:1357-9. [PMID: 24316829 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309113028704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) catalyzes the post-translational conversion of peptidylarginine to peptidylcitrulline in the presence of calcium ions. Among the five known human PAD isozymes (PAD1-4 and PAD6), PAD1 exhibits the broadest substrate specificity. Crystals of PAD1 obtained using polyethylene glycol 3350 as a precipitant diffracted to 3.70 Å resolution using synchrotron radiation. Two PAD1 molecules were contained in the asymmetric unit and the crystals belonged to space group P6(1), with unit-cell parameters a = b = 90.3, c = 372.3 Å. The solvent content was 58.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Unno
- Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences, Ibaraki University, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
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Liu B, Sun WY, Zhi CY, Lu TC, Gao HM, Zhou JH, Yan WQ, Gao HC. Role of S100A3 in human colorectal cancer and the anticancer effect of cantharidinate. Exp Ther Med 2013; 6:1499-1503. [PMID: 24255681 PMCID: PMC3829748 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The early diagnosis and treatment of CRC is the key to improving the survival of patients who may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. In the present study, the protein expression of S100A3 was observed in a cohort of 20 patients with cancer, which indicated that S100A3 activation was involved in tumorigenesis. In addition, the anticancer activity of cantharidinate was investigated using immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. The protein expression of S100A3 was observed to increase by 2.4-fold in human CRC cells compared with the expression level in normal control cells (P<0.01). Cantharidinate inhibited the protein and gene expression of S100A3 in UCT-116 human CRC cells in vitro. These results suggested that S100A3 is important in human CRC. Cantharidinate has the potential to be considered as a novel adjuvant drug for controlling the expression of S100A3 in human CRC as it exhibits preventive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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Halawi A, Abbas O, Mahalingam M. S100 proteins and the skin: a review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013; 28:405-14. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Halawi
- Department of Dermatology; American University of Beirut Medical Center; Beirut Lebanon
| | - O. Abbas
- Department of Dermatology; American University of Beirut Medical Center; Beirut Lebanon
| | - M. Mahalingam
- Dermatopathology Section; Department of Dermatology; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston MA USA
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