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Mieczkowski K, Popeda M, Lesniak D, Sadej R, Kitowska K. FGFR2 Controls Growth, Adhesion and Migration of Nontumorigenic Human Mammary Epithelial Cells by Regulation of Integrin β1 Degradation. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2023; 28:9. [PMID: 37191822 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-023-09537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), an important mediator of stromal paracrine and autocrine signals, in mammary gland morphogenesis and breast cancer has been extensively studied over the last years. However, the function of FGFR2 signalling in the initiation of mammary epithelial oncogenic transformation remains elusive. Here, FGFR2-dependent behaviour of nontumorigenic model of mammary epithelial cells was studied. In vitro analyses demonstrated that FGFR2 regulates epithelial cell communication with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Silencing of FGFR2 significantly changed the phenotype of cell colonies in three-dimensional cultures, decreased integrins α2, α5 and β1 protein levels and affected integrin-driven processes, such as cell adhesion and migration. More detailed analysis revealed the FGFR2 knock-down-induced proteasomal degradation of integrin β1. Analysis of RNA-seq databases showed significantly decreased FGFR2 and ITGB1 mRNA levels in breast tumour samples, when compared to non-transformed tissues. Additionally, high risk healthy individuals were found to have disrupted correlation profiles of genes associated with FGFR2 and integrin signalling, cell adhesion/migration and ECM remodelling. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that FGFR2 loss with concomitant integrin β1 degradation is responsible for deregulation of epithelial cell-ECM interactions and this process may play an important role in the initiation of mammary gland epithelial tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Mieczkowski
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
- Laboratory Genes and Disease, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Marta Popeda
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dagmara Lesniak
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Rafal Sadej
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kamila Kitowska
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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2
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Integrated analysis of DNA methylation and mRNA expression profiles to identify key genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:221746. [PMID: 31894857 PMCID: PMC6981101 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation has been demonstrated to play significant roles in the etiology and pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In the present study, methylation microarray dataset (GSE87053) and gene expression microarray dataset (GSE23558) were downloaded from GEO database and analyzed through R language. A total of 255 hypermethylated-downregulated genes and 114 hypomethylated-upregulated genes were finally identified. Functional enrichment analyses were performed and a comprehensive protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. Subsequently, the top ten hub genes selected by Cytoscape software were subjected to further analyses. It was illustrated that the expression level of CSF2, CTLA4, ETS1, PIK3CD, and CFTR was intimately associated with HNSCC. Survival analysis suggested that CTLA4 and FGFR2 could serve as effective independent prognostic biomarkers for HNSCC patients. Overall, our study lay a groundwork for further investigation into the underlying molecular mechanisms in HNSCC carcinogenesis, providing potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HNSCC.
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3
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Sluzalska KD, Slawski J, Sochacka M, Lampart A, Otlewski J, Zakrzewska M. Intracellular partners of fibroblast growth factors 1 and 2 - implications for functions. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 57:93-111. [PMID: 32475760 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors 1 and 2 (FGF1 and FGF2) are mainly considered as ligands of surface receptors through which they regulate a broad spectrum of biological processes. They are secreted in non-canonical way and, unlike other growth factors, they are able to translocate from the endosome to the cell interior. These unique features, as well as the role of the intracellular pool of FGF1 and FGF2, are far from being fully understood. An increasing number of reports address this problem, focusing on the intracellular interactions of FGF1 and 2. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge of the FGF1 and FGF2 binding partners inside the cell and the possible role of these interactions. The partner proteins are grouped according to their function, including proteins involved in secretion, cell signaling, nucleocytoplasmic transport, binding and processing of nucleic acids, ATP binding, and cytoskeleton assembly. An in-depth analysis of the network of these binding partners could indicate novel, non-classical functions of FGF1 and FGF2 and uncover an additional level of a fine control of the well-known FGF-regulated cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Dominika Sluzalska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Slawski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Sochacka
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agata Lampart
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zakrzewska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Batista FP, de Aguiar RB, Sumikawa JT, Lobo YA, Bonturi CR, Ferreira RDS, Andrade SS, Guedes Paiva PM, dos Santos Correia MT, Vicente CM, Toma L, Sampaio MU, Paschoalin T, Girão MJBC, de Moraes JZ, de Paula CAA, Oliva MLV. Crataeva tapia bark lectin (CrataBL) is a chemoattractant for endothelial cells that targets heparan sulfate and promotes in vitro angiogenesis. Biochimie 2019; 166:173-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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5
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Li X, Nie C, Tian B, Tan X, Han W, Wang J, Jin Y, Li Y, Guan X, Hong A, Chen X. miR-671-5p Blocks The Progression Of Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma By Suppressing FGFR2. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1892-1904. [PMID: 31523191 PMCID: PMC6743296 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.32429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common malignant tumor worldwide, of which esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the dominant histological subtype. A drug shortage for ESCC therapy triggered us to explore the roles of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) and its upstream regulator miR-671-5p in ESCC progression. We compared the levels of FGFR2 and miR-671-5p between human ESCC tissues and their matched normal esophageal tissues and found an association between higher levels of FGFR2 and lower levels of miR-671-5p in ESCC tissues. High levels of FGFR2 resulted in the activation of the ERK and AKT pathways and a promotion of ESCC progression. High levels of miR-671-5p specifically reduced the expression of FGFR2 and suppressed ESCC progression in both in vitro and in vivo models. Therefore, suppressing FGFR2 and enhancing miR-671-5p expression may be the right approaches for ESCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Changjun Nie
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Baoqing Tian
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Tan
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Wei Han
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jiakang Wang
- Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510090, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Jin
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Yadan Li
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - An Hong
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojia Chen
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
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6
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Wittkowski KM, Dadurian C, Seybold MP, Kim HS, Hoshino A, Lyden D. Complex polymorphisms in endocytosis genes suggest alpha-cyclodextrin as a treatment for breast cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199012. [PMID: 29965997 PMCID: PMC6028090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most breast cancer deaths are caused by metastasis and treatment options beyond radiation and cytotoxic drugs, which have severe side effects, and hormonal treatments, which are or become ineffective for many patients, are urgently needed. This study reanalyzed existing data from three genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using a novel computational biostatistics approach (muGWAS), which had been validated in studies of 600-2000 subjects in epilepsy and autism. MuGWAS jointly analyzes several neighboring single nucleotide polymorphisms while incorporating knowledge about genetics of heritable diseases into the statistical method and about GWAS into the rules for determining adaptive genome-wide significance. Results from three independent GWAS of 1000-2000 subjects each, which were made available under the National Institute of Health's "Up For A Challenge" (U4C) project, not only confirmed cell-cycle control and receptor/AKT signaling, but, for the first time in breast cancer GWAS, also consistently identified many genes involved in endo-/exocytosis (EEC), most of which had already been observed in functional and expression studies of breast cancer. In particular, the findings include genes that translocate (ATP8A1, ATP8B1, ANO4, ABCA1) and metabolize (AGPAT3, AGPAT4, DGKQ, LPPR1) phospholipids entering the phosphatidylinositol cycle, which controls EEC. These novel findings suggest scavenging phospholipids as a novel intervention to control local spread of cancer, packaging of exosomes (which prepare distant microenvironment for organ-specific metastases), and endocytosis of β1 integrins (which are required for spread of metastatic phenotype and mesenchymal migration of tumor cells). Beta-cyclodextrins (βCD) have already been shown to be effective in in vitro and animal studies of breast cancer, but exhibits cholesterol-related ototoxicity. The smaller alpha-cyclodextrins (αCD) also scavenges phospholipids, but cannot fit cholesterol. An in-vitro study presented here confirms hydroxypropyl (HP)-αCD to be twice as effective as HPβCD against migration of human cells of both receptor negative and estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer. If the previous successful animal studies with βCDs are replicated with the safer and more effective αCDs, clinical trials of adjuvant treatment with αCDs are warranted. Ultimately, all breast cancer are expected to benefit from treatment with HPαCD, but women with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) will benefit most, because they have fewer treatment options and their cancer advances more aggressively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut M. Wittkowski
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Christina Dadurian
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Martin P. Seybold
- Institut für Formale Methoden der Informatik, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Han Sang Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ayuko Hoshino
- Department of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David Lyden
- Department of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
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7
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Piasecka D, Kitowska K, Czaplinska D, Mieczkowski K, Mieszkowska M, Turczyk L, Skladanowski AC, Zaczek AJ, Biernat W, Kordek R, Romanska HM, Sadej R. Fibroblast growth factor signalling induces loss of progesterone receptor in breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86011-86025. [PMID: 27852068 PMCID: PMC5349893 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGFR2), signalling via ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2), promotes progression of breast cancer (BCa). Loss of progesterone receptor (PR), whose activity in BCa cells can be stimulated by growth factor receptors (GFRs), is associated with poor patient outcome. Here we showed that FGF7/FGFR2 triggered phosphorylation of PR at Ser294, PR ubiquitination and subsequent receptor`s degradation via the 26S proteasome pathway in BCa cells. We further demonstrated that RSK2 mediated FGF7/FGFR2-induced PR downregulation. In addition, a strong synergistic effect of FGF7 and progesterone (Pg), reflected in the enhanced anchorage-independent growth and cell migration, was observed. Analysis of clinical material demonstrated that expression of PR inversely correlated with activated RSK (RSK-P) (p = 0.016). Patients with RSK-P(+)/PR(–) tumours had 3.629-fold higher risk of recurrence (p = 0.002), when compared with the rest of the cohort. Moreover, RSK-P(+)/PR(–) phenotype was shown as an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.006). These results indicate that the FGF7/FGFR2-RSK2 axis promotes PR turnover and activity, which may sensitize BCa cells to stromal stimuli and contribute to the progression toward steroid hormone negative BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Piasecka
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Pathology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamila Kitowska
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dominika Czaplinska
- Department of Cell Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kamil Mieczkowski
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Mieszkowska
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lukasz Turczyk
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej C Skladanowski
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna J Zaczek
- Department of Cell Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Biernat
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | | | | | - Rafal Sadej
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
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8
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Campbell TM, Castro MAA, de Oliveira KG, Ponder BAJ, Meyer KB. ERα Binding by Transcription Factors NFIB and YBX1 Enables FGFR2 Signaling to Modulate Estrogen Responsiveness in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 78:410-421. [PMID: 29180470 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Two opposing clusters of transcription factors (TF) have been associated with the differential risks of estrogen receptor positive or negative breast cancers, but the mechanisms underlying the opposing functions of the two clusters are undefined. In this study, we identified NFIB and YBX1 as novel interactors of the estrogen receptor (ESR1). NFIB and YBX1 are both risk TF associated with progression of ESR1-negative disease. Notably, they both interacted with the ESR1-FOXA1 complex and inhibited the transactivational potential of ESR1. Moreover, signaling through FGFR2, a known risk factor in breast cancer development, augmented these interactions and further repressed ESR1 target gene expression. We therefore show that members of two opposing clusters of risk TFs associated with ESR1-positive and -negative breast cancer can physically interact. We postulate that this interaction forms a toggle between two developmental pathways affected by FGFR2 signaling, possibly offering a junction to exploit therapeutically.Significance: Binding of the transcription factors NFIB and YBX1 to the estrogen receptor can promote an estrogen-independent phenotype that can be reverted by inhibiting FGFR2 signaling. Cancer Res; 78(2); 410-21. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Campbell
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro A A Castro
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Lab, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Polytechnic Center, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Kelin Gonçalves de Oliveira
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Lab, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Polytechnic Center, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Bruce A J Ponder
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kerstin B Meyer
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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9
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Zhao Q, Parris AB, Howard EW, Zhao M, Ma Z, Guo Z, Xing Y, Yang X. FGFR inhibitor, AZD4547, impedes the stemness of mammary epithelial cells in the premalignant tissues of MMTV-ErbB2 transgenic mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11306. [PMID: 28900173 PMCID: PMC5595825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11751-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) regulates signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Currently, the anti-tumor properties of FGFR inhibitors are being tested in preclinical and clinical studies. Nevertheless, reports on FGFR inhibitor-mediated breast cancer prevention are sparse. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer benefits of AZD4547, an FGFR1-3 inhibitor, in ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer models. AZD4547 (1-5 µM) demonstrated potent anti-proliferative effects, inhibition of stemness, and suppression of FGFR/RTK signaling in ErbB2-overexpressing human breast cancer cells. To study the in vivo effects of AZD4547 on mammary development, mammary epithelial cell (MEC) populations, and oncogenic signaling, MMTV-ErbB2 transgenic mice were administered AZD4547 (2-6 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks during the 'risk window' for mammary tumor development. AZD4547 significantly inhibited ductal branching and MEC proliferation in vivo, which corroborated the in vitro anti-proliferative properties. AZD4547 also depleted CD24/CD49f-sorted MEC populations, as well as the CD61highCD49fhigh tumor-initiating cell-enriched population. Importantly, AZD4547 impaired stem cell-like characteristics in primary MECs and spontaneous tumor cells. Moreover, AZD4547 downregulated RTK, mTOR, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in premalignant mammary tissues. Collectively, our data provide critical preclinical evidence for AZD4547 as a potential breast cancer preventative and therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Zhao
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA.,Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Amanda B Parris
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erin W Howard
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zhikun Ma
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA.,College of Medicine, Henan University of Sciences and Technology, Luoyang, P.R. China
| | - Zhiying Guo
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ying Xing
- Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohe Yang
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA. .,College of Medicine, Henan University of Sciences and Technology, Luoyang, P.R. China.
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10
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FGFR2-Driven Signaling Counteracts Tamoxifen Effect on ERα-Positive Breast Cancer Cells. Neoplasia 2017; 19:791-804. [PMID: 28869838 PMCID: PMC5964976 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling mediated by growth factors receptors has long been suggested as one of the key factors responsible for failure of endocrine treatment in breast cancer (BCa). Herein we present that in the presence of tamoxifen, FGFs (Fibroblast Growth Factors) promote BCa cell growth with the strongest effect being produced by FGF7. FGFR2 was identified as a mediator of FGF7 action and the FGFR2-induced signaling was found to underlie cancer-associated fibroblasts-dependent resistance to tamoxifen. FGF7/FGFR2-triggered pathway was shown to induce ER phosphorylation, ubiquitination and subsequent ER proteasomal degradation which counteracted tamoxifen-promoted ER stabilization. We also identified activation of PI3K/AKT signaling targeting ER-Ser167 and regulation of Bcl-2 expression as a mediator of FGFR2-promoted resistance to tamoxifen. Analysis of tissue samples from patients with invasive ductal carcinoma revealed an inversed correlation between expression of FGFR2 and ER, thus supporting our in vitro data. These results unveil the complexity of ER regulation by FGFR2-mediated signaling likely to be associated with BCa resistance to endocrine therapy.
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11
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Calvo N, Carriere P, Martin MJ, Gentili C. RSK activation via ERK modulates human colon cancer cells response to PTHrP. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 59:13-27. [PMID: 28385776 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) is associated with several human cancers such as colon carcinoma. This disease is a complex multistep process that involves enhanced cell cycle progression and migration. Recently we obtained evidence that in the human colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco2 cells, exogenous PTHrP increases the proliferation and positively modulates cell cycle progression via ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and PI3K. The purpose of this study was to explore if the serine/threonine kinase RSK, which is involved in the progress of many cancers and it is emerging as a potential therapeutic target, mediates PTHrP effects on cancer colon cells. Western blot analysis revealed that PTHrP increases RSK phosphorylation via ERK1/2 signaling pathway but not through p38 MAPK. By performing subcellular fractionation, we found that the peptide also induces the nuclear localization of activated RSK, where many of its substrates are located. RSK participates in cell proliferation, in the upregulation of cyclin D1 and CDK6 and in the downregulation of p53 induced by PTHrP. Wound healing and transwell filter assays revealed that cell migration increased after PTHrP treatment. In addition, the hormone increases the protein expression of the focal adhesion kinase FAK, a regulator of cell motility. We observed that PTHrP induces cell migration and modulates FAK protein expression through ERK/RSK signaling pathway but not via p38 MAPK pathway. Finally, in vivo studies revealed that the hormone activates RSK in xenografts tumor. Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the deregulated cell cycle and migration that is characteristic of tumor intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Calvo
- Departamento de BiologíaBioquímica y Farmacia, INBIOSUR, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) - CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Pedro Carriere
- Departamento de BiologíaBioquímica y Farmacia, INBIOSUR, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) - CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - María Julia Martin
- Departamento de BiologíaBioquímica y Farmacia, INBIOSUR, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) - CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Claudia Gentili
- Departamento de BiologíaBioquímica y Farmacia, INBIOSUR, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) - CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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12
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Quantitative Phosphoproteomics Reveals a Role for Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2 in PDGF-Induced Cell Migration. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28638064 PMCID: PMC5479788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) family of ligands have well established functions in the induction of cell proliferation and migration during development, tissue homeostasis and interactions between tumours and stroma. However, the mechanisms by which these actions are executed are incompletely understood. Here we report a differential phosphoproteomics study, using a SILAC approach, of PDGF-stimulated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). 116 phospho-sites were identified as up-regulated and 45 down-regulated in response to PDGF stimulation. These encompass proteins involved in cell adhesion, cytoskeleton regulation and vesicle-mediated transport, significantly expanding the range of proteins implicated in PDGF signalling pathways. Included in the down-regulated class was the microtubule bundling protein Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2 (CRMP2). In response to stimulation with PDGF, CRMP2 was dephosphorylated on Thr514, an event known to increase CRMP2 activity. This was reversed in the presence of micromolar concentrations of the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid, implicating PDGF-induced activation of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) in CRMP2 regulation. Depletion of CRMP2 resulted in impairment of PDGF-mediated cell migration in an in vitro wound healing assay. These results show that CRMP2 is required for PDGF-directed cell migration in vitro.
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13
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Deng L, Jiang L, Lin X, Tseng KF, Lu Z, Wang X. Luteolin, a novel p90 ribosomal S6 kinase inhibitor, suppresses proliferation and migration in leukemia cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1370-1378. [PMID: 28454264 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal S6 kinases (RSKs) are directly regulated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling and are implicated in cell growth, survival, motility and senescence. The present study observed that RSK1 was overexpressed in primary untreated leukemia patient bone marrow samples compared with the expression at the complete remission stage, using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). In addition, a high RSK1 expression (relative expression ≥10) was associated with a significantly shorter overall survival (P=0.038) compared with that in patients with low RSK1 expression (relative expression <10). The current study also investigated the effect of luteolin, a novel p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) inhibitor extracted from Reseda odorata L., which shows strong biochemical functions including anti-allergy, anti-inflammation and anti-cancer functions, in MOLM-13 and Kasumi-1 leukemic cells. The cell viability, apoptosis and migration ability analysis were assessed by performing a cell counting kit-8 assay, Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and migration filter assay, respectively. The results indicated that luteolin inhibited the growth of the leukemic cell lines through induction of apoptosis, while the migration ability was also suppressed. Overexpression of RSK1 by plasmid transfection was found to decrease the luteolin-induced apoptosis and migration capabilities. By contrast, knockdown of the RSK1 expression by small interfering RNA appeared to induce the same effect as luteolin on MOLM-13 and Kasumi-1 leukemic cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that luteolin inhibits leukemic cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by inhibition of the RSK1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Deng
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 501282, P.R. China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xianghua Lin
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Kuo-Fu Tseng
- Department of Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Zhigang Lu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 501282, P.R. China
| | - Xiuju Wang
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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14
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Hammoud L, Adams JR, Loch AJ, Marcellus RC, Uehling DE, Aman A, Fladd C, McKee TD, Jo CEB, Al-Awar R, Egan SE, Rossant J. Identification of RSK and TTK as Modulators of Blood Vessel Morphogenesis Using an Embryonic Stem Cell-Based Vascular Differentiation Assay. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:787-801. [PMID: 27618721 PMCID: PMC5063585 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are formed through vasculogenesis, followed by remodeling of the endothelial network through angiogenesis. Many events that occur during embryonic vascular development are recapitulated during adult neoangiogenesis, which is critical to tumor growth and metastasis. Current antiangiogenic tumor therapies, based largely on targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway, show limited clinical benefits, thus necessitating the discovery of alternative targets. Here we report the development of a robust embryonic stem cell-based vascular differentiation assay amenable to small-molecule screens to identify novel modulators of angiogenesis. In this context, RSK and TTK were identified as angiogenic modulators. Inhibition of these pathways inhibited angiogenesis in embryoid bodies and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Furthermore, inhibition of RSK and TTK reduced tumor growth, vascular density, and improved survival in an in vivo Lewis lung carcinoma mouse model. Our study suggests that RSK and TTK are potential targets for antiangiogenic therapy, and provides an assay system for further pathway screens. Development of ESC-based vascular differentiation assay amenable to drug screening Screening a kinase library identified RSK and TTK as angiogenic modulators RSK and TTK inhibition disrupted angiogenesis in vitro RSK and TTK inhibition inhibited Lewis lung tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamis Hammoud
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jessica R Adams
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Amanda J Loch
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Richard C Marcellus
- Drug Discovery Department, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - David E Uehling
- Drug Discovery Department, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Ahmed Aman
- Drug Discovery Department, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Christopher Fladd
- SPARC BioCentre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Trevor D McKee
- Radiation Medicine Program, STTARR Innovation Centre, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Christine E B Jo
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Rima Al-Awar
- Drug Discovery Department, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Sean E Egan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Janet Rossant
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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15
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Czaplinska D, Mieczkowski K, Supernat A, Skladanowski AC, Kordek R, Biernat W, Zaczek AJ, Romanska HM, Sadej R. Interactions between FGFR2 and RSK2-implications for breast cancer prognosis. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13721-13731. [PMID: 27476168 PMCID: PMC5097089 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) activates ribosomal s6 kinase 2 (RSK2) in mammary epithelial cells and that this pathway promotes in vitro cell growth and migration. Potential clinical significance of FGFR2 and RSK2 association has never been investigated. Herein, we have undertaken an evaluation of a possible relationship between FGFR2/RSK2 interdependence and disease outcome in breast cancer (BCa) patients. The clinical analysis was complemented by an in vitro investigation of an involvement of RSK2 in the regulation of FGFR2 function. Primary tumour samples from 152 stage I–III BCa patients were examined for FGFR2 and RSK2 gene and protein expression. FGFR2 showed a positive correlation with RSK2 at both protein (p = 0.003) and messenger RNA (mRNA) (p = 0.001) levels. Lack of both FGFR2 and activated RSK (RSK-P) significantly correlated with better disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.01). Patients with tumours displaying immunoreactivity for either or both FGFR2 and RSK-P had 4.89-fold higher risk of recurrence when compared to the FGFR2/RSK-P-negative subgroup. FGFR2-RSK2 interactions were verified by co-immunoprecipitation and internalization assays in HB2 mammary epithelial cell line (characterized by high endogenous FGFR2 and RSK2 expression). In vitro analyses revealed that FGFR2 and RSK2 formed an indirect complex and that activated RSK exerted a significant impact on fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)-triggered internalization of FGFR2. Our results suggest that the FGFR2-RSK2 signalling pathway is involved in pathophysiology of BCa and evaluation of FGFR2/RSK-P expression may be useful in disease prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Czaplinska
- Department of Cell Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Kamil Mieczkowski
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Supernat
- Department of Cell Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej C Skladanowski
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Radzislaw Kordek
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Łódź, 92-213, Łódź, Poland
| | - Wojciech Biernat
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna J Zaczek
- Department of Cell Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Hanna M Romanska
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Łódź, 92-213, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Rafal Sadej
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland.
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16
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Rodríguez-Carballo E, Gámez B, Ventura F. p38 MAPK Signaling in Osteoblast Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:40. [PMID: 27200351 PMCID: PMC4858538 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeleton is a highly dynamic tissue whose structure relies on the balance between bone deposition and resorption. This equilibrium, which depends on osteoblast and osteoclast functions, is controlled by multiple factors that can be modulated post-translationally. Some of the modulators are Mitogen-activated kinases (MAPKs), whose role has been studied in vivo and in vitro. p38-MAPK modifies the transactivation ability of some key transcription factors in chondrocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which affects their differentiation and function. Several commercially available inhibitors have helped to determine p38 action on these processes. Although it is frequently mentioned in the literature, this chemical approach is not always as accurate as it should be. Conditional knockouts are a useful genetic tool that could unravel the role of p38 in shaping the skeleton. In this review, we will summarize the state of the art on p38 activity during osteoblast differentiation and function, and emphasize the triggers of this MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Gámez
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona and IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Ventura
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona and IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Qiu Q, Jiang J, Lin L, Cheng S, Xin D, Jiang W, Shen J, Hu Z. Downregulation of RSK2 influences the biological activities of human osteosarcoma cells through inactivating AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2508-20. [PMID: 27082640 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
RSK2 (90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase) is a downstream effector of the Ras/ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) signaling pathway that has major functions in cell biological activities, including regulating nuclear signaling, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, cell growth, protein synthesis, cell migration and cell survival, and is expressed in most types of human malignant tumors, including lung cancer, prostate and breast tumors, skin cancer and osteosarcomas (OS). RSK2 was found to be essential for osteosarcoma formation. To investigate whether RSK2 is expressed at high levels in human osteosarcome tissues and whether its expression is correlated with the aggressive biological behavior of osteosarcoma cell line (OCLs), we assessed the association between RSK2 expression and OS cell progression, as well as the effects of RSK2 inhibition on the biological activities of osteosarcoma cells. We performed immunohistochemistry to analyze the expression of RSK2 in specimens from 30 humans with osteosarcoma, and 15 normal tissues. RSK2 gene expression levels in 30 specimens with osteosarcoma were significantly higher than those of normal tissues. We performed RNA interference on three OCLs to evaluate cell apoptosis, cell growth, cell proliferation, cell motility, chemosensitivity and oncogenicity. After transfection with RSK2 shRNA, increased cell apoptosis, cell growth inhibition, cell cycle progression, weaker cell proliferation, cell migration and weaker tumor formation were observed in all OCLs. These results suggested that RSK2 expression may mediate the biological activities of OS cells and RSK2 may be an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of osteosarcomas. The AKT/mTOR, MAPK/ERK/c-Fos and Bcl2/Bax pathways were analysed to clarify the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanhe Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, P.R. China
| | - Liangbo Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Si Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Daqi Xin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Neimenggu Medical University, Huhehaote, Neimeng 010030, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jieliang Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zhenming Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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18
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Loss of CAR promotes migration and proliferation of HaCaT cells, and accelerates wound healing in rats via Src-p38 MAPK pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19735. [PMID: 26804208 PMCID: PMC4726158 DOI: 10.1038/srep19735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a cell adhesion molecule mostly localized to cell-cell contacts in epithelial and endothelial cells. CAR is known to regulate tumor progression, however, its physiological role in keratinocyte migration and proliferation, two essential steps in re-epithelialization during wound healing, has less been investigated. Here we showed that CAR was predominantly expressed in the epidermis of human skin, CAR knockdown by RNAi significantly accelerated HaCaT cell migration and proliferation. In addition, knockdown of CAR in vitro increased p-Src, p-p38, and p-JNK protein levels; however, Src inhibitor PP2 prevented the increase of p-Src and p-p38 induced by CAR RNAi, but not p-JNK, and decelerated cell migration and proliferation. More intriguingly, in vivo CAR RNAi on the skin area surrounding the wounds on rat back visually accelerated wound healing and re-epithelialization process, while treatment with PP2 or p38 inhibitor SB203580 obviously inhibited these effects. By contrast, overexpressing CAR in HaCaT cells significantly decelerated cell migration and proliferation. Above results demonstrate that suppression of CAR could accelerate HaCaT cell migration and proliferation, and promote wound healing in rat skin, probably via Src-p38 MAPK pathway. CAR thus might serve as a novel therapeutic target for facilitating wound healing.
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