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Qian Y, He Y, Qiong A, Zhang W. Tanshinone IIA Regulates MAPK/mTOR Signal-Mediated Autophagy to Alleviate Atherosclerosis through the miR-214-3p/ATG16L1 Axis. Int Heart J 2023; 64:945-954. [PMID: 37778998 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.23-087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), the core ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza, is commonly used for treating cardiovascular diseases. However, its underlying mechanism in regulating autophagy in atherosclerosis (AS) remains unclear. An in vivo model of AS was constructed using Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice fed with a high-fat diet. Histopathologic changes and lipid accumulation were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Oil red O staining, respectively. The inflammatory cytokine levels were evaluated by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) was used to induce foam cells in RAW264.7 cells. Cholesterol uptake and efflux assay were used to assess changes in intracellular and extracellular cholesterol levels. The expression levels of autophagy-related protein-16-like protein 1 (ATG16L1) and miR-214-3p in the samples and cells derived from mice were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and the protein levels of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and autophagy-related markers were detected using western blot. The binding site of miR-214-3p on ATG16L1 was determined using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. We observed a decrease in ATG16L1 and increase in miR-214-3p expression level in the AS mice and ox-LDL stimulated RAW264.7 cells. However, the miR-214-3p and ATG16L1 expression could be reversed by Tan IIA. In vivo experiments showed that Tan IIA alleviated AS by reducing lipid accumulation and inflammatory factor levels and promoting autophagy. The in vitro assays demonstrated that Tan IIA regulated lipid levels and autophagy via the miR-214-3p/ATG16L1 axis to inhibit foam cell formation. Additionally, Tan IIA inhibited the MAPK/mTOR pathway by reducing miR-214-3p expression and promoting autophagy. Findings from this study suggested that Tan IIA regulated the MAPK/mTOR signal-mediated autophagy to alleviate AS through the miR-214-3p/ATG16L1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University
| | - Youfu He
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Aili Qiong
- Guiyang Healthcare Vocational University
| | - Wenhang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University
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2
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Chen C, Gao H, Su X. Autophagy-related signaling pathways are involved in cancer (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:710. [PMID: 34007319 PMCID: PMC8120650 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-digestion process in cells that can maintain energy homeostasis under normal circumstances. However, misfolded proteins, damaged mitochondria and other unwanted components in cells can be decomposed and reused via autophagy in some specific cases (including hypoxic stress, low energy states or nutrient deprivation). Therefore, autophagy serves a positive role in cell survival and growth. However, excessive autophagy may lead to apoptosis. Furthermore, abnormal autophagy may lead to carcinogenesis and promote tumorigenesis in normal cells. In tumor cells, autophagy may provide the energy required for excessive proliferation, promote the growth of cancer cells, and evade apoptosis caused by certain treatments, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy, resulting in increased treatment resistance and drug resistance. On the other hand, autophagy leads to an insufficient nutrient supply in cancer cells and the destruction of energy homeostasis, thereby inducing cancer cell apoptosis. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of the double-edged sword of autophagy is crucial for the treatment of cancer. The present review summarizes the signaling pathways and key factors involved in autophagy and cancer to provide possible strategies for treating tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Chen
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Cancer Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, P.R. China
| | - Xiulan Su
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
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3
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Zeng C, Zou T, Qu J, Chen X, Zhang S, Lin Z. Cyclovirobuxine D Induced-Mitophagy through the p65/BNIP3/LC3 Axis Potentiates Its Apoptosis-Inducing Effects in Lung Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115820. [PMID: 34072333 PMCID: PMC8199090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy plays a pro-survival or pro-death role that is cellular-context- and stress-condition-dependent. In this study, we revealed that cyclovirobuxine D (CVB-D), a natural compound derived from Buxus microphylla, was able to provoke mitophagy in lung cancer cells. CVB-D-induced mitophagy potentiates apoptosis by promoting mitochondrial dysfunction. Mechanistically, CVB-D initiates mitophagy by enhancing the expression of the mitophagy receptor BNIP3 and strengthening its interaction with LC3 to provoke mitophagy. Our results further showed that p65, a transcriptional suppressor of BNIP3, is downregulated upon CVB-D treatment. The ectopic expression of p65 inhibits BNIP3 expression, while its knockdown significantly abolishes its transcriptional repression on BNIP3 upon CVB-D treatment. Importantly, nude mice bearing subcutaneous xenograft tumors presented retarded growth upon CVB-D treatment. Overall, we demonstrated that CVB-D treatment can provoke mitophagy and further revealed that the p65/BNIP3/LC3 axis is one potential mechanism involved in CVB-D-induced mitophagy in lung cancer cells, thus providing an effective antitumor therapeutic strategy for the treatment of lung cancer patients
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; (C.Z.); (T.Z.); (J.Q.); (X.C.)
| | - Tingting Zou
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; (C.Z.); (T.Z.); (J.Q.); (X.C.)
| | - Junyan Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; (C.Z.); (T.Z.); (J.Q.); (X.C.)
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; (C.Z.); (T.Z.); (J.Q.); (X.C.)
| | - Suping Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Department of Pharmacology, Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation: Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&D Center, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhenghong Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; (C.Z.); (T.Z.); (J.Q.); (X.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (Z.L.)
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4
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BCL(X)L and BCL2 increase the metabolic fitness of breast cancer cells: a single-cell imaging study. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:1512-1531. [PMID: 33328572 PMCID: PMC8166899 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00683-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The BCL2 family of proteins regulate apoptosis by controlling mitochondrial outer membrane permeability. However, the effects on mitochondrial structure and bioenergetics have also been reported. Here we comprehensively characterized the effects of BCL2 and BCL(X)L on cellular energetics in MCF7 breast cancer cells using time-lapse confocal single-cell imaging and mitochondrial and cytosolic FRET reporters. We found that BCL2 and BCL(X)L increase the metabolic robustness of MCF7 cells, and that this was associated with increased mitochondrial NAD(P)H and ATP levels. Experiments with the F1F0 synthase inhibitor oligomycin demonstrated that BCL2 and in particular BCL(X)L, while not affecting ATP synthase activity, more efficiently coupled the mitochondrial proton motive force with ATP production. This metabolic advantage was associated with an increased resistance to nutrient deprivation and enhanced clonogenic survival in response to metabolic stress, in the absence of profound effects on cell death. Our data suggest that a primary function of BCL(X)L and BCL2 overexpression in tumor cells is to increase their resistance to metabolic stress in the tumor microenvironment, independent of cell death signaling.
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Caylioglu D, Meyer RJ, Hellmold D, Kubelt C, Synowitz M, Held-Feindt J. Effects of the Anti-Tumorigenic Agent AT101 on Human Glioblastoma Cells in the Microenvironmental Glioma Stem Cell Niche. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073606. [PMID: 33808494 PMCID: PMC8037174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a barely treatable disease due to its profound chemoresistance. A distinct inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity reflected by specialized microenvironmental niches and different tumor cell subpopulations allows GBMs to evade therapy regimens. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop alternative treatment strategies. A promising candidate for the treatment of GBMs is AT101, the R(-) enantiomer of gossypol. The present study evaluates the effects of AT101, alone or in combination with temozolomide (TMZ), in a microenvironmental glioma stem cell niche model of two GBM cell lines (U251MG and U87MG). AT101 was found to induce strong cytotoxic effects on U251MG and U87MG stem-like cells in comparison to the respective native cells. Moreover, a higher sensitivity against treatment with AT101 was observed upon incubation of native cells with a stem-like cell-conditioned medium. This higher sensitivity was reflected by a specific inhibitory influence on the p-p42/44 signaling pathway. Further, the expression of CXCR7 and the interleukin-6 receptor was significantly regulated upon these stimulatory conditions. Since tumor stem-like cells are known to mediate the development of tumor recurrences and were observed to strongly respond to the AT101 treatment, this might represent a promising approach to prevent the development of GBM recurrences.
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Linder B, Kögel D. Autophagy in Cancer Cell Death. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8040082. [PMID: 31671879 PMCID: PMC6956186 DOI: 10.3390/biology8040082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy has important functions in maintaining energy metabolism under conditions of starvation and to alleviate stress by removal of damaged and potentially harmful cellular components. Therefore, autophagy represents a pro-survival stress response in the majority of cases. However, the role of autophagy in cell survival and cell death decisions is highly dependent on its extent, duration, and on the respective cellular context. An alternative pro-death function of autophagy has been consistently observed in different settings, in particular, in developmental cell death of lower organisms and in drug-induced cancer cell death. This cell death is referred to as autophagic cell death (ACD) or autophagy-dependent cell death (ADCD), a type of cellular demise that may act as a backup cell death program in apoptosis-deficient tumors. This pro-death function of autophagy may be exerted either via non-selective bulk autophagy or excessive (lethal) removal of mitochondria via selective mitophagy, opening new avenues for the therapeutic exploitation of autophagy/mitophagy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Linder
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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7
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Lim B, Greer Y, Lipkowitz S, Takebe N. Novel Apoptosis-Inducing Agents for the Treatment of Cancer, a New Arsenal in the Toolbox. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081087. [PMID: 31370269 PMCID: PMC6721450 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evasion from apoptosis is an important hallmark of cancer cells. Alterations of apoptosis pathways are especially critical as they confer resistance to conventional anti-cancer therapeutics, e.g., chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapeutics. Thus, successful induction of apoptosis using novel therapeutics may be a key strategy for preventing recurrence and metastasis. Inhibitors of anti-apoptotic molecules and enhancers of pro-apoptotic molecules are being actively developed for hematologic malignancies and solid tumors in particular over the last decade. However, due to the complicated apoptosis process caused by a multifaceted connection with cross-talk pathways, protein–protein interaction, and diverse resistance mechanisms, drug development within the category has been extremely challenging. Careful design and development of clinical trials incorporating predictive biomarkers along with novel apoptosis-inducing agents based on rational combination strategies are needed to ensure the successful development of these molecules. Here, we review the landscape of currently available direct apoptosis-targeting agents in clinical development for cancer treatment and update the related biomarker advancement to detect and validate the efficacy of apoptosis-targeted therapies, along with strategies to combine them with other agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Lim
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Yoshimi Greer
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stanley Lipkowitz
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Naoko Takebe
- Early Clinical Trials Development, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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8
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Ba L, Gao J, Chen Y, Qi H, Dong C, Pan H, Zhang Q, Shi P, Song C, Guan X, Cao Y, Sun H. Allicin attenuates pathological cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting autophagy via activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK/ERK/mTOR signaling pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 58:152765. [PMID: 31005720 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive response of the myocardium to pressure or volume overload. Recent evidences indicate that allicin can prevent cardiac hypertrophy. However, it is not clear whether allicin alleviates cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting autophagy. PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the effects of allicin on pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, and further to clarify the related mechanism. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Cardiac hypertrophy was successfully established by abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) in rats, and cardiomyocytes hypertrophy was simulated by angiotensin II (Ang II) in vitro. Hemodynamic parameters were monitored by organism function experiment system in vivo. The changes of cell surface area were observed using HE and immunofluorescence staining in vivoand in vitro, respectively. The expressions of cardiac hypertrophy relative protein (BNP and β-MHC), autophagy marker protein (LC3-II and Beclin-1), Akt, PI3K and ERK were detected by western blot. RESULTS Allicin could improve cardiac function, and reduce cardiomyocytes size, and decrease BNP and β-MHC protein expressions. Further results showed that allicin could lower LC3-II and Beclin-1 protein expressions both in vivo and in vitro experiments. And pharmacological inhibitor of mTOR, rapamycin could antagonize the effects of allicin on Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and autophagy. Simultaneously, allicin could promote the expressions of p-Akt, p-PI3K and p-ERK protein. CONCLUSION These findings reveal a novel mechanism of allicin attenuating cardiac hypertrophy which allicin could inhibit excessive autophagy via activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK/ERK/mTOR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ba
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Jingquan Gao
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Yunping Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Hanping Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Chonghui Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163316, China
| | - Hao Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Qianhui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Pilong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Xueying Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Yonggang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China.
| | - Hongli Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China.
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9
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Meyer N, Zielke S, Michaelis JB, Linder B, Warnsmann V, Rakel S, Osiewacz HD, Fulda S, Mittelbronn M, Münch C, Behrends C, Kögel D. AT 101 induces early mitochondrial dysfunction and HMOX1 (heme oxygenase 1) to trigger mitophagic cell death in glioma cells. Autophagy 2018; 14:1693-1709. [PMID: 29938581 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1476812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In most cases, macroautophagy/autophagy serves to alleviate cellular stress and acts in a pro-survival manner. However, the effects of autophagy are highly contextual, and autophagic cell death (ACD) is emerging as an alternative paradigm of (stress- and drug-induced) cell demise. AT 101 ([-]-gossypol), a natural compound from cotton seeds, induces ACD in glioma cells as confirmed here by CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of ATG5 that partially, but significantly rescued cell survival following AT 101 treatment. Global proteomic analysis of AT 101-treated U87MG and U343 glioma cells revealed a robust decrease in mitochondrial protein clusters, whereas HMOX1 (heme oxygenase 1) was strongly upregulated. AT 101 rapidly triggered mitochondrial membrane depolarization, engulfment of mitochondria within autophagosomes and a significant reduction of mitochondrial mass and proteins that did not depend on the presence of BAX and BAK1. Conversely, AT 101-induced reduction of mitochondrial mass could be reversed by inhibiting autophagy with wortmannin, bafilomycin A1 and chloroquine. Silencing of HMOX1 and the mitophagy receptors BNIP3 (BCL2 interacting protein 3) and BNIP3L (BCL2 interacting protein 3 like) significantly attenuated AT 101-dependent mitophagy and cell death. Collectively, these data suggest that early mitochondrial dysfunction and HMOX1 overactivation synergize to trigger lethal mitophagy, which contributes to the cell killing effects of AT 101 in glioma cells. ABBREVIATIONS ACD, autophagic cell death; ACN, acetonitrile; AT 101, (-)-gossypol; BAF, bafilomycin A1; BAK1, BCL2-antagonist/killer 1; BAX, BCL2-associated X protein; BH3, BCL2 homology region 3; BNIP3, BCL2 interacting protein 3; BNIP3L, BCL2 interacting protein 3 like; BP, Biological Process; CCCP, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone; CC, Cellular Component; Con, control; CQ, chloroquine; CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium; DTT, 1,4-dithiothreitol; EM, electron microscopy; ER, endoplasmatic reticulum; FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorting; FBS, fetal bovine serum; FCCP, carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone; GO, Gene Ontology; HAcO, acetic acid; HMOX1, heme oxygenase 1; DKO, double knockout; LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry; LPL, lipoprotein lipase, MEFs, mouse embryonic fibroblasts; mPTP, mitochondrial permeability transition pore; MTG, MitoTracker Green FM; mt-mKeima, mito-mKeima; MT-ND1, mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 1; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PI, propidium iodide; PRKN, parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate; SQSTM1/p62, sequestome 1; STS, staurosporine; sgRNA, single guide RNA; SILAC, stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture; TFA, trifluoroacetic acid, TMRM, tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester perchlorate; WM, wortmannin; WT, wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Meyer
- a Experimental Neurosurgery , Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main , Germany
| | - Svenja Zielke
- b Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics , Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main , Germany
| | - Jonas B Michaelis
- c Institute of Biochemistry II , Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main , Germany
| | - Benedikt Linder
- a Experimental Neurosurgery , Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main , Germany
| | - Verena Warnsmann
- d Institute of Molecular Biosciences , Goethe University Frankfurt/Main , Germany
| | - Stefanie Rakel
- a Experimental Neurosurgery , Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main , Germany
| | - Heinz D Osiewacz
- d Institute of Molecular Biosciences , Goethe University Frankfurt/Main , Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- b Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics , Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main , Germany.,e University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT) , Frankfurt/Main , Germany.,f German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) , Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main , Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- f German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) , Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main , Germany.,g Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute) , Goethe University Frankfurt/Main , Germany.,h Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology (LCNP) , Luxembourg , Luxembourg.,i Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS) , Dudelange , Luxembourg.,j Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) , University of Luxembourg , Luxembourg , Luxembourg.,k Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) , NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory , Luxembourg , Luxembourg.,l Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology (LCNP) , Dudelange , Luxembourg
| | - Christian Münch
- c Institute of Biochemistry II , Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main , Germany
| | - Christian Behrends
- c Institute of Biochemistry II , Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main , Germany.,m Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Medical Faculty , Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- a Experimental Neurosurgery , Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main , Germany.,e University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT) , Frankfurt/Main , Germany
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10
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Lucantoni F, Düssmann H, Llorente-Folch I, Prehn JHM. BCL2 and BCL(X)L selective inhibitors decrease mitochondrial ATP production in breast cancer cells and are synthetically lethal when combined with 2-deoxy-D-glucose. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26046-26063. [PMID: 29899841 PMCID: PMC5995245 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells display differences regarding their engagement of glycolytic vs. mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway. Triple negative breast cancer, an aggressive form of breast cancer, is characterized by elevated glycolysis, while estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells rely predominantly on OXPHOS. BCL2 proteins control the process of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization during apoptosis, but also regulate cellular bioenergetics. Because BCL2 proteins are overexpressed in breast cancer and targetable by selective antagonists, we here analysed the effect of BCL2 and BCL(X)L selective inhibitors, Venetoclax and WEHI-539, on mitochondrial bioenergetics and cell death. Employing single cell imaging using a FRET-based mitochondrial ATP sensor, we found that MCF7 breast cancer cells supplied with mitochondrial substrates reduced their mitochondrial ATP production when treated with Venetoclax or WEHI-539 at concentrations that per se did not induce cell death. Treatments with lower concentrations of both inhibitors also reduced the length of the mitochondrial network and the dynamics, as evaluated by quantitative confocal microscopy. We next tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial ATP production inhibition with BCL2 or BCL(X)L antagonists was synthetically lethal when combined with glycolysis inhibition. Treatment with 2-deoxy-D-glucose in combination with Venetoclax or WEHI-539 synergistically reduced the cellular bioenergetics of ER+ and TNBC breast cancer cells and abolished their clonogenic potential. Synthetic lethality was also observed when cultures were grown in 3D spheres. Our findings demonstrate that BCL2 antagonists exert potent effects on cancer metabolism independent of cell death-inducing effects, and demonstrate a synthetic lethality when these are applied in combination with glycolysis inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Lucantoni
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Center for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Heiko Düssmann
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Center for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Irene Llorente-Folch
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Center for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Center for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
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11
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Das CK, Linder B, Bonn F, Rothweiler F, Dikic I, Michaelis M, Cinatl J, Mandal M, Kögel D. BAG3 Overexpression and Cytoprotective Autophagy Mediate Apoptosis Resistance in Chemoresistant Breast Cancer Cells. Neoplasia 2018; 20:263-279. [PMID: 29462756 PMCID: PMC5852393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Target-specific treatment modalities are currently not available for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and acquired chemotherapy resistance is a primary obstacle for the treatment of these tumors. Here we employed derivatives of BT-549 and MDA-MB-468 TNBC cell lines that were adapted to grow in the presence of either 5-Fluorouracil, Doxorubicin or Docetaxel in an aim to identify molecular pathways involved in the adaptation to drug-induced cell killing. All six drug-adapted BT-549 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines displayed cross resistance to chemotherapy and decreased apoptosis sensitivity. Expression of the anti-apoptotic co-chaperone BAG3 was notably enhanced in two thirds (4/6) of the six resistant lines simultaneously with higher expression of HSP70 in comparison to parental controls. Doxorubicin-resistant BT-549 (BT-549rDOX20) and 5-Fluorouracil-resistant MDA-MB-468 (MDA-MB-468r5-FU2000) cells were chosen for further analysis with the autophagy inhibitor Bafilomycin A1 and lentiviral depletion of ATG5, indicating that enhanced cytoprotective autophagy partially contributes to increased drug resistance and cell survival. Stable lentiviral BAG3 depletion was associated with a robust down-regulation of Mcl-1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, restoration of drug-induced apoptosis and reduced cell adhesion in these cells, and these death-sensitizing effects could be mimicked with the BAG3/Hsp70 interaction inhibitor YM-1 and by KRIBB11, a selective transcriptional inhibitor of HSF-1. Furthermore, BAG3 depletion was able to revert the EMT-like transcriptional changes observed in BT-549rDOX20 and MDA-MB-468r5-FU2000 cells. In summary, genetic and pharmacological interference with BAG3 is capable to resensitize TNBC cells to treatment, underscoring its relevance for cell death resistance and as a target to overcome therapy resistance of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kanta Das
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Benedikt Linder
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Bonn
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Rothweiler
- Institute for Medical Virology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Michaelis
- Institute for Medical Virology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; School of Biosciences, The University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute for Medical Virology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany.
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12
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Kamath PR, Sunil D, Joseph MM, Abdul Salam AA, T.T. S. Indole-coumarin-thiadiazole hybrids: An appraisal of their MCF-7 cell growth inhibition, apoptotic, antimetastatic and computational Bcl-2 binding potential. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 136:442-451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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13
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Warnsmann V, Meyer N, Hamann A, Kögel D, Osiewacz HD. A novel role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in (-)-gossypol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 170:45-58. [PMID: 28684269 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Gossypol, a natural polyphenolic compound from cotton seeds, is known to trigger different forms of cell death in various types of cancer. Gossypol acts as a Bcl-2 inhibitor that induces apoptosis in apoptosis-competent cells. In apoptosis-resistant cancers such as glioblastoma, it triggers a non-apoptotic type of cell death associated with increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial depolarisation and fragmentation. In order to investigate the impact of gossypol on mitochondrial function, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and on oxidative stress in more detail, we used the aging model Podospora anserina that lacks endogenous Bcl-2 proteins. We found that treatment with gossypol selectively increases hydrogen peroxide levels and impairs mitochondrial respiration in P. anserina, apoptosis-deficient Bax/Bak double knockout mouse embryonal fibroblasts and glioblastoma cells. Significantly, we provide evidence that CYPD-mediated opening of the mPTP is required for gossypol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy and cell death during organismic aging of P. anserina and in glioblastoma cells. Overall, these data provide new insights into the role of the mPTP and autophagy in the antitumor effects of gossypol, a natural compound that is clinically developed for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Warnsmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences and Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt 'Macromolecular Complexes', Department of Biosciences, J. W. Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nina Meyer
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 7, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andrea Hamann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences and Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt 'Macromolecular Complexes', Department of Biosciences, J. W. Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 7, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Heinz D Osiewacz
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences and Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt 'Macromolecular Complexes', Department of Biosciences, J. W. Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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14
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BIS overexpression does not affect the sensitivity of HEK 293T cells against apoptosis. Mol Cell Toxicol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-017-0010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Antonietti P, Linder B, Hehlgans S, Mildenberger IC, Burger MC, Fulda S, Steinbach JP, Gessler F, Rödel F, Mittelbronn M, Kögel D. Interference with the HSF1/HSP70/BAG3 Pathway Primes Glioma Cells to Matrix Detachment and BH3 Mimetic-Induced Apoptosis. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 16:156-168. [PMID: 27777286 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas exhibit a high intrinsic resistance against stimuli triggering apoptotic cell death. HSF1 acts as transcription factor upstream of HSP70 and the HSP70 co-chaperone BAG3 that is overexpressed in glioblastoma. To specifically target this resistance mechanism, we applied the selective HSF1 inhibitor KRIBB11 and the HSP70/BAG3 interaction inhibitor YM-1 in combination with the pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor AT-101. Here, we demonstrate that lentiviral BAG3 silencing significantly enhances AT-101-induced cell death and reactivates effector caspase-mediated apoptosis in U251 glioma cells with high BAG3 expression, whereas these sensitizing effects were less pronounced in U343 cells expressing lower BAG3 levels. KRIBB11 decreased protein levels of HSP70, BAG3, and the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein Mcl-1, and both KRIBB11 and YM-1 elicited significantly increased mitochondrial dysfunction, effector caspase activity, and apoptotic cell death after combined treatment with AT-101 and ABT-737. Depletion of BAG3 also led to a pronounced loss of cell-matrix adhesion, FAK phosphorylation, and in vivo tumor growth in an orthotopic mouse glioma model. Furthermore, it reduced the plating efficiency of U251 cells in three-dimensional clonogenic assays and limited clonogenic survival after short-term treatment with AT-101. Collectively, our data suggest that the HSF1/HSP70/BAG3 pathway plays a pivotal role for overexpression of prosurvival Bcl-2 proteins and cell death resistance of glioma. They also support the hypothesis that interference with BAG3 function is an effective novel approach to prime glioma cells to anoikis. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(1); 156-68. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Antonietti
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Benedikt Linder
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hehlgans
- Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim P Steinbach
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Gessler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Franz Rödel
- Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Edinger Institute, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
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