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Kumar S, Dikshit M. Nitric Oxide: Regulation and Function in Neutrophil Immune Responses. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:998-1024. [PMID: 38251644 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Postal Staff College Area, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Tsai YF, Yang SC, Hsu YH, Chen CY, Chen PJ, Syu YT, Lin CH, Hwang TL. Carnosic acid inhibits reactive oxygen species-dependent neutrophil extracellular trap formation and ameliorates acute respiratory distress syndrome. Life Sci 2022; 321:121334. [PMID: 36587789 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Infiltration of activated neutrophils into the lungs is a hallmark of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Neutrophilic inflammation, particularly neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), is proposed as a useful target for treating ARDS. Carnosic acid (CA) is a food additive; however, its anti-neutrophilic activity in the treatment of ARDS has not been well established. The hypothesis of present study is to confirm that CA alleviates ARDS by suppressing neutrophilic inflammation and oxidative damage. MAIN METHODS Generation of superoxide anions and reactive oxygen species (ROS), induction of elastase degranulation, and formation of NETs by human neutrophils were assayed using spectrophotometry, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescent microscopy. Immunoblotting was performed to determine the cellular mechanisms involved. Cell-free radical systems were used to test antioxidant activities. The therapeutic effect of CA was evaluated in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS mouse model. KEY FINDINGS CA greatly reduced superoxide anion production, ROS production, elastase release, cluster of differentiation 11b expression, and cell adhesion in activated human neutrophils. Mechanistic studies have demonstrated that CA suppresses phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase in activated neutrophils. CA effectively scavenges reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, but not superoxide anions. This is consistent with the finding that CA is effective against ROS-dependent NET formation. CA treatment significantly improved pulmonary neutrophil infiltration, oxidative damage, NET formation, and alveolar damage in LPS-induced mice. SIGNIFICANCE Our data suggested the potential application of CA for neutrophil-associated ARDS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Fong Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Chin Yang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsuan Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Syu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiung Lin
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan; Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Recreation and Holistic Wellness, MingDao University, Changhua 523, Taiwan.
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan.
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Rizvi ZA, Babele P, Sadhu S, Madan U, Tripathy MR, Goswami S, Mani S, Kumar S, Awasthi A, Dikshit M. Prophylactic treatment of Glycyrrhiza glabra mitigates COVID-19 pathology through inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hamster model and NETosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:945583. [PMID: 36238303 PMCID: PMC9550929 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.945583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is accompanied by acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary pathology, and is presented mostly with an inflammatory cytokine release, a dysregulated immune response, a skewed neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and a hypercoagulable state. Though vaccinations have proved effective in reducing the COVID-19-related mortality, the limitation of the use of vaccine against immunocompromised individuals, those with comorbidity, and emerging variants remains a concern. In the current study, we investigate for the first time the efficacy of the Glycyrrhiza glabra (GG) extract, a potent immunomodulator, against SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters. Prophylactic treatment with GG showed protection against loss in body weight and a 35%–40% decrease in lung viral load along with reduced lung pathology in the hamster model. Remarkably, GG reduced the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). In vitro, GG acted as a potent immunomodulator by reducing Th2 and Th17 differentiation and IL-4 and IL-17A cytokine production. In addition, GG also showed robust potential to suppress ROS, mtROS, and NET generation in a concentration-dependent manner in both human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and murine bone marrow-derived neutrophils (BMDNs). Taken together, we provide evidence for the protective efficacy of GG against COVID-19 and its putative mechanistic insight through its immunomodulatory properties. Our study provides the proof of concept for GG efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 using a hamster model and opens the path for further studies aimed at identifying the active ingredients of GG and its efficacy in COVID-19 clinical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaigham Abbas Rizvi
- Immuno-Biology Lab, Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Prabhakar Babele
- Noncommunicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Srikanth Sadhu
- Immuno-Biology Lab, Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Upasna Madan
- Immuno-Biology Lab, Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Tripathy
- Immuno-Biology Lab, Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Goswami
- Immuno-Biology Lab, Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Shailendra Mani
- Noncommunicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Immuno-Biology Lab, Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- *Correspondence: Madhu Dikshit, ; ; Amit Awasthi,
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Noncommunicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- *Correspondence: Madhu Dikshit, ; ; Amit Awasthi,
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Guo CL. Self-Sustained Regulation or Self-Perpetuating Dysregulation: ROS-dependent HIF-YAP-Notch Signaling as a Double-Edged Sword on Stem Cell Physiology and Tumorigenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:862791. [PMID: 35774228 PMCID: PMC9237464 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.862791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ development, homeostasis, and repair often rely on bidirectional, self-organized cell-niche interactions, through which cells select cell fate, such as stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. The niche contains multiplexed chemical and mechanical factors. How cells interpret niche structural information such as the 3D topology of organs and integrate with multiplexed mechano-chemical signals is an open and active research field. Among all the niche factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have recently gained growing interest. Once considered harmful, ROS are now recognized as an important niche factor in the regulation of tissue mechanics and topology through, for example, the HIF-YAP-Notch signaling pathways. These pathways are not only involved in the regulation of stem cell physiology but also associated with inflammation, neurological disorder, aging, tumorigenesis, and the regulation of the immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1. Positive feedback circuits have been identified in the interplay of ROS and HIF-YAP-Notch signaling, leading to the possibility that under aberrant conditions, self-organized, ROS-dependent physiological regulations can be switched to self-perpetuating dysregulation, making ROS a double-edged sword at the interface of stem cell physiology and tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on how ROS and tissue mechanics affect YAP-HIF-Notch-PD-L1 signaling, hoping that the knowledge can be used to design strategies for stem cell-based and ROS-targeting therapy and tissue engineering.
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Maurya M, Jaiswal A, Gupta S, Ali W, Gaikwad AN, Dikshit M, Barthwal MK. Galectin-3 S-glutathionylation regulates its effect on adipocyte insulin signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119234. [PMID: 35143900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein-S-glutathionylation promotes redox signaling in physiological and oxidative distress conditions. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) promotes insulin resistance by down-regulating adipocyte insulin signaling, however, its S-glutathionylation and significance is not known. In this context, we report reversible S-glutathionylation of Gal-3. Site-directed mutagenesis established Gal-3 Cys187 as the putative S-glutathionylation site. Glutathionylated Gal-3 prevents Gal-3(WT)-Insulin Receptor interaction and facilitates insulin-induced murine adipocyte p-IRS1(tyr895) and p-AKT(ser473) signaling and glucose uptake in a Gal-3 Cys187 glutathionylation dependent manner in murine adipocytes, as assessed by Western blotting and 2-NBDG uptake assay respectively. Pre-glutathionylated Gal-3 at Cys187 resisted irreversible oxidation by H2O2. M2 macrophages showed enhanced Gal-3 S-glutathionylation when compared to M1 phenotype. Serum and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) isolated from control mice showed increased Gal-3 S-glutathionylation as compared to db/db mice. A significant increase in Gal-3 S-glutathionylation was observed in metformin-treated db/db mice when compared to db/db mice alone. Similar to murine, enhanced Gal-3 S-glutathionylation is observed in primary human monocyte derived M2 macrophages when compared to the M1 macrophage phenotype and Gal-3 regulates primary human adipocyte insulin signaling in a glutathionylation dependent manner. Collectively, we identified Gal-3 S-glutathionylation as a protective phenomenon, which relieves its inhibitory effect on adipocyte insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohita Maurya
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anant Jaiswal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sanchita Gupta
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Wahid Ali
- King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | | | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Barthwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India.
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Zhang W, Wang W, Xu M, Xie H, Pu Z. GPR43 regulation of mitochondrial damage to alleviate inflammatory reaction in sepsis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:22588-22610. [PMID: 34584017 PMCID: PMC8507289 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a common critical illness in ICU and always a great difficulty in clinical treatment. GPR43 (G protein-coupled receptor 43) participates in regulating appetite and gastrointestinal peptide secretion to modulate fat decomposition and formation. However, the biological contribution of GPR43 on inflammation of sepsis has not been previously investigated. We investigated the mechanisms of GPR43 gene, which plays a possible role in distinguishing sepsis and contributes to the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced inflammatory reaction. Furthermore, we performed studies with mice induced to sepsis by Cecal Ligation and Puncture (CLP), Knockout GPR43 (GPR43-/-) mice, and Wild Type (WT) mice induced with CLP. In addition, lung tissues and cell samples were analyzed by histology, Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (Q-PCR), Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent (ELISA) Assay, and western blot. GPR43 agonist could significantly reduce inflammation reactions and trigger lung injury in mice with sepsis. As for GPR43-/- mice, the risks of sepsis-induced inflammatory reactions and corresponding lung injury were promoted. On the one hand, the up-regulation of GPR43 gene reduced ROS mitochondrial damage to inhibit inflammatory reactions via the inactivation of NLRP3 Inflammasome by PPARγ/ Nox1/EBP50/ p47phox signal channel. On the other hand, the down-regulation of GPR43 promoted inflammatory reactions in vitro model through the acceleration of ROS-dependently mitochondrial damage by PPARγ/ Nox1/EBP50/ p47phox/ NLRP3 signal channel. These findings indicate that the inhibition of GPR43 as a possible important factor of sepsis may shed lights on the mechanism of sepsis-induced inflammation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Wusan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Maodi Xu
- Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Haitang Xie
- Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Zhichen Pu
- Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
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Chen C, Zhang P, Bao G, Fang Y, Chen W. Discovery of potential biomarkers in acute kidney injury by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS). Int Urol Nephrol 2021; 53:2635-2643. [PMID: 33686532 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-021-02829-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The LC-MS/MS-based non-targeted metabolomics method was used to differentially screen serum and urine metabolites of acute kidney injury (AKI) patients and healthy people, to explore potential biomarkers of AKI and analyze related pathways, and explain the potential mechanism and biological significance of AKI. METHODS The serum and urine samples from 30 AKI patients and 20 healthy people were selected to conduct a non-targeted metabolomics study by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS). The differential metabolites between the two groups were searched by the human metabolome (HMDB) database ( https://hmdb.ca/ ) and the related pathways of these potential biomarkers were identified by searching the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) database ( https://www.kegg.jp/ ). The total metabolic pathways were analyzed by the MS Peaks to Pathways module of MetaboAnalyst ( https://www.metaboanalyst.ca/ ). RESULTS Multivariate data analysis found that serum and urine metabolism in AKI patients was significantly different from healthy people. We found three metabolites in urine (2-S-glutathionyl glutathione acetate, 5-L-Glutamyl-taurine, and L-Phosphoarginine) contributing to the separation of AKI patients from healthy people, and major metabolic pathways associated with these potential biomarkers including cytochrome P450 metabolism, arginine, and proline metabolism. CONCLUSION 2-S-glutathionyl glutathione acetate, 5-L-Glutamyl-taurine, and L-Phosphoarginine were associated with AKI patients, which could be selected as potential biomarkers to predicate AKI disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyi Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated With Anhui Medical University, 17 Lujiang Road, Luyang, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Tree Biology and Resource Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Shushan, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Guanhu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Tree Biology and Resource Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Shushan, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated With Anhui Medical University, 17 Lujiang Road, Luyang, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated With Anhui Medical University, 17 Lujiang Road, Luyang, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
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Ahuie GK, Gagnon H, Pace PE, Peskin AV, Wagner RJ, Naylor S, Klarskov K. Investigating protein thiol chemistry associated with dehydroascorbate, homocysteine and glutathione using mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8774. [PMID: 32119756 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Oxidative stress is an imbalance between reactive free radical oxygen species and antioxidant defenses. Its consequences can lead to numerous pathologies. Regulating oxidative stress is the complex interplay between antioxidant recycling and thiol-containing regulatory proteins. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is important for preventing onset of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigae S-thiol protein chemistry associated with oxidized vitamin C (dehydroascorbate, DHA), homocysteine (HcySH) and glutathione (GSH) using mass spectrometry. METHODS Glutaredoxin-1 (Grx-1) was incubated with DHA, with and without GSH and HcySH. Disulfide formation was followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) of intact proteins and by LC/ESI-MS/MS of peptides from protein tryptic digestions. The mechanism of DHA-mediated S-thiolation was investigated using two synthetic peptides: AcFHACAAK and AcFHACE. Three proteins, i.e. human hemoglobin (HHb), recombinant peroxiredoxin 2 (Prdx2) and Grx-1, were S-homocysteinylated followed by S-transthiolyation with GSH and investigated by ESI-MS and ESI-MS/MS. RESULTS ESI-MS analysis reveals that DHA mediates disulfide formation and S-thiolation by HcySH as well as GSH of Grx-1. LC/ESI-MS/MS analysis allows identification of Grx-1 S-thiolated cysteine adducts. The mechanism by which DHA mediates S-thiolation of heptapeptide AcFHACAAK is shown to be via initial formation of a thiohemiketal adduct. In addition, ESI-MS of intact proteins shows that GSH can S-transthiolate S-homocysteinylated Grx-1_ HHb and Prdx2. The GS-S-protein adducts over time dominate the ESI-MS spectrum profile. CONCLUSIONS Mass spectrometry is a unique analytical technique for probing complex reaction mechanisms associated with oxidative stress. Using model proteins, ESI-MS reveals the mechanism of DHA-facilitated S-thiolation, which consists of thiohemiketal formation, disulfide formation or S-thiolation. Furthermore, protein S-thiolation by HcySH can be reversed by reversible GSH thiol exchange. The use of mass spectrometry with in vitro models of protein S-thiolation in oxidative stress may provide significant insight into possible mechanisms of action occurring in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Kouakou Ahuie
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Hugo Gagnon
- PhenoSwitch Bioscience, 975 Rue Léon-Trépanier, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1G 5J6, Canada
| | - Paul E Pace
- Centre for Free Radical Research, University of Otago Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Alexander V Peskin
- Centre for Free Radical Research, University of Otago Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Richard J Wagner
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Stephen Naylor
- ReNeuroGen LLC, 2160 San Fernando Drive, Elm Grove, WI, 53122, USA
| | - Klaus Klarskov
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
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Mitoquinone alleviates vincristine-induced neuropathic pain through inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis via the improvement of mitochondrial dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:110003. [PMID: 32187955 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy drugs such as vincristine (Vin) could cause neuropathic pain. However, it is still lack of ideal therapeutic strategy to treat it. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been involved in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. The mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant, mitoquinone (MitoQ), is able to modify mitochondrial signaling, showing beneficial effects on various diseases. In the study, we investigated whether MitoQ could regulate Vin-induced neuropathic pain, and the underlying molecular mechanisms. The results showed that MitoQ significantly improved Vin-induced pain hypersensitivity and glial activation in mice. In addition, Vin resulted in severe oxidative stress in spinal cord tissues of mice, which were inhibited by MitoQ treatment through improving Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor 2) expression in nuclear. Also, MitoQ treatment dose-dependently reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, indicating its anti-inflammatory effects. Importantly, Vin stimulation contributed to mitochondrial fission, as evidenced by the increased expression of phosphorylated Drp1 (dynamin related protein 1) and Fis (mitochondrial fission protein 1), whereas mitochondrial fussion was inhibited. However, these effects were notably abrogated by MitoQ, subsequently improving mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, neuron death evoked by Vin was significantly rescued by MitoQ treatment. We also observed significantly reduced expression of cleaved Caspase-3 and Bax expression in spinal cord of MitoQ-treated mice with Vin stimulation. In contrast, anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 protein levels decreased by Vin were restored by MitoQ. The process of Cyto-c release from mitochondria triggered by Vin was effectively inhibited in mice treated with MitoQ. These in vivo results were further verified in the primary neurons using the in vitro and ex vivo experiments. Furthermore, MitoQ treatment alleviated axonal degeneration and mitochondria dysfunction induced by Vin. Thus, mitoquinone could alleviate vincristine-induced neuropathic pain by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis via the improvement of mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Chiang CC, Cheng WJ, Lin CY, Lai KH, Ju SC, Lee C, Yang SH, Hwang TL. Kan-Lu-Hsiao-Tu-Tan, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, inhibits human neutrophil activation and ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 246:112246. [PMID: 31539577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kan-Lu-Hsiao-Tu-Tan (KLHTT) is a popular traditional Chinese medicine for treating various inflammatory diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of KLHTT on human neutrophils and its therapeutic potential in treating imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Spectrophotometry, flow cytometry, and microscopy with immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate superoxide anion generation, elastase release, CD11b expression, adhesion, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in activated human neutrophils. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species in cell-free systems were measured using a multi-well fluorometer or a spectrophotometer. A psoriasis-like skin inflammation was induced in mice using the IMQ cream. RESULTS KLHTT suppressed superoxide anion generation, ROS production, CD11b expression, and adhesion in activated human neutrophils. In contrast, KLHTT failed to alter elastase release in activated human neutrophils. Additionally, KLHTT had an ROS-scavenging effect in the AAPH assay, but it did not scavenge superoxide anions directly in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase assay. Protein kinase C (PKC)-induced NET formation most commonly occurs through ROS-dependent mechanisms. KLHTT significantly inhibited phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, a PKC activator, inducing NET formation. Furthermore, topical KLHTT treatment reduced the area affected by psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score and ameliorated neutrophil infiltration in IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that KLHTT has anti-neutrophilic inflammatory effects in inhibiting ROS generation and cell adhesion. KLHTT also mitigated NET formation, mainly via an ROS-dependent pathway. In addition, KLHTT reduced neutrophil infiltration and improved the severity of IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice. Therefore, KLHTT may prove to be a safe and effective psoriasis therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chao Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan; Supervisory Board, Taoyuan Chinese Medicine Association, Taoyuan, 338, Taiwan; Puxin Fengze Chinese Medicine Clinic, Taoyuan, 326, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Jen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan; Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
| | - Kuei-Hung Lai
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
| | - Seanson-Chance Ju
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
| | - Chuan Lee
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
| | - Sien-Hung Yang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 243, Taiwan.
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11
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Nagarkoti S, Dubey M, Sadaf S, Awasthi D, Chandra T, Jagavelu K, Kumar S, Dikshit M. Catalase S-Glutathionylation by NOX2 and Mitochondrial-Derived ROS Adversely Affects Mice and Human Neutrophil Survival. Inflammation 2019; 42:2286-2296. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ahuié Kouakou G, Gagnon H, Lacasse V, Wagner JR, Naylor S, Klarskov K. Dehydroascorbic acid S-Thiolation of peptides and proteins: Role of homocysteine and glutathione. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 141:233-243. [PMID: 31228548 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) plays a significant role in the prevention of oxidative stress. In this process, ascorbate is oxidized to dehydroascorbate (DHA). We have investigated the impact of DHA on peptide/protein intramolecular disulfide formation as well as S-glutathionylation and S-homocysteinylation. S-glutathionylation of peptides/proteins is a reversible, potential regulatory mechanism in oxidative stress. Although the exact role of protein S-homocysteinylation is unknown, it has been proposed to be of importance in pathobiological processes such as onset of cardiovascular disease. Using an in vitro model system, we demonstrate that DHA causes disulfide bond formation within the active site of recombinant human glutaredoxin (Grx-1). DHA also facilities the formation of S-glutathionylation and S-homocysteinylation of a model peptide (AcFHACAAK) as well as Grx-1. We discuss the possible mechanisms of peptide/protein S-thiolation, which can occur either via thiol exchange or a thiohemiketal intermediate. A thiohemiketal DHA-peptide adduct was detected by mass spectrometry and its location on the peptide/protein cysteinyl thiol group was unambiguously confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry. This demonstrates that peptide/protein S-thiolation mediated by DHA is not limited to thiol exchange reactions but also takes place directly via the formation of a thiohemiketal peptide intermediate. Finally, we investigated a potential reducing role of glutathione (GSH) in the presence of S-homocysteinylated peptide/protein adducts. S-homocysteinylated AcFHACAAK, human hemoglobin α-chain and Grx-1 were incubated with GSH. Both peptide and proteins were reduced, and homocysteine replaced with GS-adducts by thiol exchange, as a function of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Ahuié Kouakou
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Hugo Gagnon
- PhenoSwitch Bioscience, 975 Rue Léon-Trépanier, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 5J6, Canada
| | - Vincent Lacasse
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - J Richard Wagner
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Stephen Naylor
- ReNeuroGen LLC, 2160 San Fernando Drive, Elm Grove, WI, 53122, USA
| | - Klaus Klarskov
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada.
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13
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Lermant A, Murdoch CE. Cysteine Glutathionylation Acts as a Redox Switch in Endothelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E315. [PMID: 31426416 PMCID: PMC6720164 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative post-translational modifications (oxPTM) of receptors, enzymes, ion channels and transcription factors play an important role in cell signaling. oxPTMs are a key way in which oxidative stress can influence cell behavior during diverse pathological settings such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancer, neurodegeneration and inflammatory response. In addition, changes in oxPTM are likely to be ways in which low level reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) may contribute to redox signaling, exerting changes in physiological responses including angiogenesis, cardiac remodeling and embryogenesis. Among oxPTM, S-glutathionylation of reactive cysteines emerges as an important regulator of vascular homeostasis by modulating endothelial cell (EC) responses to their local redox environment. This review summarizes the latest findings of S-glutathionylated proteins in major EC pathways, and the functional consequences on vascular pathophysiology. This review highlights the diversity of molecules affected by S-glutathionylation, and the complex consequences on EC function, thereby demonstrating an intricate dual role of RONS-induced S-glutathionylation in maintaining vascular homeostasis and participating in various pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Lermant
- Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Colin E Murdoch
- Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK.
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14
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Ma Y, Gong Z, Nan K, Qi S, Chen Y, Ding C, Wang D, Ru L. Apolipoprotein-J blocks increased cell injury elicited by ox-LDL via inhibiting ROS-CaMKII pathway. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:117. [PMID: 31113434 PMCID: PMC6530009 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is crucial in cardiac injury. Apolipoprotein-J (ApoJ) contributes to antiapoptotic effects in the heart. We aimed to evaluate the protective effects of ApoJ against ox-LDL cytotoxicity in Neonatal rat ventricular cells (NRVCs). Methods and results NRVCs were damaged by exposure to ox-LDL, as shown by increased caspase-3/7 activity, enhanced caspase-3 expression, and decreased cell viability. ApoJ overexpression, using an adenovirus vector, significantly reduced ox-LDL-induced cell injury. ApoJ also prevented ox-LDL from augmenting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as demonstrated by elevated Nox2/gp91phox and P47 expression. Furthermore, ApoJ overexpression reduced CaMKIIδ expression elicited by ox-LDL in cultured NRVCs. Upregulating CaMKIIδ activity, mediated by ox-LDL, was significantly inhibited by ApoJ overexpression. A CaMKIIδ inhibitor, KN93, prevented ApoJ’s protective effect against ox-LDL cytotoxicity. A ROS scavenger, Mn (III)meso-tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin (Mn (III)TBAP), also attenuated CaMKIIδ’s increased expression and activity, induced by ox-LDL, and showed similar results to ApoJ by attenuating ox-LDL-induced cell damage, as ApoJ did. Conclusions ApoJ confers cytoprotection to NRVCs against ox-LDL cytotoxicity through the ROS-CaMKII pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhuo Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, 398, Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050082, Hebei, China
| | - Zhi Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, 398, Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050082, Hebei, China
| | - Kai Nan
- Health and Medical Development Research Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shuying Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, 398, Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050082, Hebei, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, 398, Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050082, Hebei, China
| | - Chao Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, 398, Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050082, Hebei, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, 398, Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050082, Hebei, China
| | - Leisheng Ru
- Department of Cardiology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, 398, Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050082, Hebei, China.
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Sadaf S, Singh AK, Awasthi D, Nagarkoti S, Agrahari AK, Srivastava RN, Jagavelu K, Kumar S, Barthwal MK, Dikshit M. Augmentation of iNOS expression in myeloid progenitor cells expedites neutrophil differentiation. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:397-412. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1a0918-349rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Sadaf
- Pharmacology DivisionCSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
| | | | - Deepika Awasthi
- Pharmacology DivisionCSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
| | - Sheela Nagarkoti
- Pharmacology DivisionCSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
| | | | | | | | - Sachin Kumar
- Pharmacology DivisionCSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
| | | | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology DivisionCSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
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Nagarkoti S, Sadaf S, Awasthi D, Chandra T, Jagavelu K, Kumar S, Dikshit M. L-Arginine and tetrahydrobiopterin supported nitric oxide production is crucial for the microbicidal activity of neutrophils. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:281-292. [PMID: 30621514 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1566605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent report from this lab has shown role of Rac2 in the translocation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) to the phagosomal compartment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) following phagocytosis of beads. This study was undertaken to further assess the status and role of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a redox-sensitive cofactor, L-arginine, and the substrate of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in sustained nitric oxide (˙NO) production in killing of phagocytosed microbes (Escherichia coli) by human PMNs. Time-dependent study revealed consistent NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the PMNs following phagocytosis of beads. In addition, levels of L-arginine and BH4 were maintained or increased simultaneously to support the enzymatic activity of NOS in the bead activated PMNs. Moreover, translocation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) subunits along with iNOS was reconfirmed in the isolated phagosomes. We demonstrate that increase in the level of NO was supported by L-arginine and BH4 to kill E. coli, by using PMNs from NOS2-/- mice, human PMNs treated with biopterin inhibitor, N-acetyl serotonin (NAS), or by suspending human PMNs in L-arginine deficient medium. Altogether, this study demonstrates that following phagocytosis, sustained. NO production in the PMNs was well-maintained by redox sensitive cofactor, BH4 and substrate, and L-arginine to enable microbial killing. Further results suggest NO production in the human PMNs, along with ROS and myeloperoxidase (MPO) is important to execute antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheela Nagarkoti
- a Pharmacology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Samreen Sadaf
- a Pharmacology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Deepika Awasthi
- a Pharmacology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | | | - Kumaravelu Jagavelu
- a Pharmacology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- a Pharmacology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- c Translational Health Science and Technology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster , Faridabad , India
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NADPH Oxidase (Rboh) Activity is Up Regulated during Sweet Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) Fruit Ripening. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8010009. [PMID: 30609654 PMCID: PMC6356770 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, NADPH oxidase (NOX) is also known as a respiratory burst oxidase homolog (Rboh). This highly important enzyme, one of the main enzymatic sources of superoxide radicals (O2•−), is involved in the metabolism of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), which is active in the non-climacteric pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit. We used sweet pepper fruits at two ripening stages (green and red) to biochemically analyze the O2•−-generating Rboh activity and the number of isozymes during this physiological process. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, an oxidative stress marker, was also assayed as an index of lipid peroxidation. In red fruits, MDA was observed to increase 2-fold accompanied by a 5.3-fold increase in total Rboh activity. Using in-gel assays of Rboh activity, we identified a total of seven CaRboh isozymes (I–VII) which were differentially modulated during ripening. CaRboh-III and CaRboh-I were the most prominent isozymes in green and red fruits, respectively. An in vitro assay showed that CaRboh activity is inhibited in the presence of nitric oxide (NO) donors, peroxynitrite (ONOO−) and glutathione (GSH), suggesting that CaRboh can undergo S-nitrosation, Tyr-nitration, and glutathionylation, respectively. In summary, this study provides a basic biochemical characterization of CaRboh activity in pepper fruits and indicates that this O2•−-generating Rboh is involved in nitro-oxidative stress associated with sweet pepper fruit ripening.
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Neutrophil-Initiated Myocardial Inflammation and Its Modulation by B-Type Natriuretic Peptide: A Potential Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010129. [PMID: 30602672 PMCID: PMC6337677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of neutrophils is a critically important component of the innate immune response to bacterial and chemical stimuli, and culminates in the “neutrophil burst”, which facilitates neutrophil phagocytosis via the release of superoxide anion radical (O2−) from NADPH oxidase. Excessive and/or prolonged neutrophil activation results in substantial tissue injury and increases in vascular permeability—resulting in sustained tissue infiltration with neutrophils and monocytes, and persistent vasomotor dysfunction. Cardiovascular examples of such changes include acute and chronic systolic and diastolic heart failure (“heart failure with preserved ejection fraction”), and the catecholamine-induced inflammatory disorder takotsubo syndrome. We have recently demonstrated that B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), acting via inhibition of activation of neutrophil NADPH oxidase, is an important negative modulator of the “neutrophil burst”, though its effectiveness in limiting tissue injury is partially lost in acute heart failure. The potential therapeutic implications of these findings, regarding the development of new means of treating both acute and chronic cardiac injury states, are discussed.
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