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Antunes M, Kale D, Sychrová H, Sá-Correia I. The Hrk1 kinase is a determinant of acetic acid tolerance in yeast by modulating H + and K + homeostasis. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2023; 10:261-276. [PMID: 38053573 PMCID: PMC10695635 DOI: 10.15698/mic2023.12.809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Acetic acid-induced stress is a common challenge in natural environments and industrial bioprocesses, significantly affecting the growth and metabolic performance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The adaptive response and tolerance to this stress involves the activation of a complex network of molecular pathways. This study aims to delve deeper into these mechanisms in S. cerevisiae, particularly focusing on the role of the Hrk1 kinase. Hrk1 is a key determinant of acetic acid tolerance, belonging to the NPR/Hal family, whose members are implicated in the modulation of the activity of plasma membrane transporters that orchestrate nutrient uptake and ion homeostasis. The influence of Hrk1 on S. cerevisiae adaptation to acetic acid-induced stress was explored by employing a physiological approach based on previous phosphoproteomics analyses. The results from this study reflect the multifunctional roles of Hrk1 in maintaining proton and potassium homeostasis during different phases of acetic acid-stressed cultivation. Hrk1 is shown to play a role in the activation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase, maintaining pH homeostasis, and in the modulation of plasma membrane potential under acetic acid stressed cultivation. Potassium (K+) supplementation of the growth medium, particularly when provided at limiting concentrations, led to a notable improvement in acetic acid stress tolerance of the hrk1Δ strain. Moreover, abrogation of this kinase expression is shown to confer a physiological advantage to growth under K+ limitation also in the absence of acetic acid stress. The involvement of the alkali metal cation/H+ exchanger Nha1, another proposed molecular target of Hrk1, in improving yeast growth under K+ limitation or acetic acid stress, is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Antunes
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Deepika Kale
- Laboratory of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Sychrová
- Laboratory of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Isabel Sá-Correia
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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2
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Papoušková K, Gómez M, Kodedová M, Ramos J, Zimmermannová O, Sychrová H. Heterologous expression reveals unique properties of Trk K + importers from nonconventional biotechnologically relevant yeast species together with their potential to support Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth. Yeast 2023; 40:68-83. [PMID: 36539385 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trk1 is the main K+ importer. It is involved in many important physiological processes, such as the maintenance of ion homeostasis, cell volume, intracellular pH, and plasma-membrane potential. The ScTrk1 protein can be of great interest to industry, as it was shown that changes in its activity influence ethanol production and tolerance in S. cerevisiae and also cell performance in the presence of organic acids or high ammonium under low K+ conditions. Nonconventional yeast species are attracting attention due to their unique properties and as a potential source of genes that encode proteins with unusual characteristics. In this work, we aimed to study and compare Trk proteins from Debaryomyces hansenii, Hortaea werneckii, Kluyveromyces marxianus, and Yarrowia lipolytica, four biotechnologically relevant yeasts that tolerate various extreme environments. Heterologous expression in S. cerevisiae cells lacking the endogenous Trk importers revealed differences in the studied Trk proteins' abilities to support the growth of cells under various cultivation conditions such as low K+ or the presence of toxic cations, to reduce plasma-membrane potential or to take up Rb+ . Examination of the potential of Trks to support the stress resistance of S. cerevisiae wild-type strains showed that Y. lipolytica Trk1 is a promising tool for improving cell tolerance to both low K+ and high salt and that the overproduction of S. cerevisiae's own Trk1 was the most efficient at improving the growth of cells in the presence of highly toxic Li+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Papoušková
- Laboratory of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Marcos Gómez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Edaphology and Microbiology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marie Kodedová
- Laboratory of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - José Ramos
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Edaphology and Microbiology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Olga Zimmermannová
- Laboratory of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Sychrová
- Laboratory of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Zheng J, Yao L, Zeng X, Wang B, Pan L. ERV14 receptor impacts mycelial growth via its interactions with cell wall synthase and transporters in Aspergillus niger. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1128462. [PMID: 37113235 PMCID: PMC10126429 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1128462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient protein secretion is closely correlated with vesicle sorting and packaging, especially with cargo receptor-mediated selective transport for ER exit. Even though Aspergillus niger is considered an industrially natural host for protein production due to its exceptional secretion capacity, the trafficking mechanism in the early secretory pathway remains a black box for us to explore. Here, we identified and characterized all putative ER cargo receptors of the three families in A. niger. We successfully constructed overexpression and deletion strains of each receptor and compared the colony morphology and protein secretion status of each strain. Among them, the deletion of Erv14 severely inhibited mycelial growth and secretion of extracellular proteins such as glucoamylase. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the proteins associated with Erv14, we developed a high-throughput method by combining yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) with next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. We found Erv14 specifically interacted with transporters. Following further validation of the quantitative membrane proteome, we determined that Erv14 was associated with the transport of proteins involved in processes such as cell wall synthesis, lipid metabolism, and organic substrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Zheng
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Yao
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Zeng
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Wang, ; Li Pan,
| | - Li Pan
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Wang, ; Li Pan,
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4
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Masaryk J, Kale D, Pohl P, Ruiz-Castilla FJ, Zimmermannová O, Obšilová V, Ramos J, Sychrová H. The second intracellular loop of the yeast Trk1 potassium transporter is involved in regulation of activity, and interaction with 14-3-3 proteins. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:2705-2716. [PMID: 37168872 PMCID: PMC10165143 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium is an essential intracellular ion, and a sufficient intracellular concentration of it is crucial for many processes; therefore it is fundamental for cells to precisely regulate K+ uptake and efflux through the plasma membrane. The uniporter Trk1 is a key player in K+ acquisition in yeasts. The TRK1 gene is expressed at a low and stable level; thus the activity of the transporter needs to be regulated at a posttranslational level. S. cerevisiae Trk1 changes its activity and affinity for potassium ion quickly and according to both internal and external concentrations of K+, as well as the membrane potential. The molecular basis of these changes has not been elucidated, though phosphorylation is thought to play an important role. In this study, we examined the role of the second, short, and highly conserved intracellular hydrophilic loop of Trk1 (IL2), and identified two phosphorylable residues (Ser882 and Thr900) as very important for 1) the structure of the loop and consequently for the targeting of Trk1 to the plasma membrane, and 2) the upregulation of the transporter's activity reaching maximal affinity under low external K+ conditions. Moreover, we identified three residues (Thr155, Ser414, and Thr900) within the Trk1 protein as strong candidates for interaction with 14-3-3 regulatory proteins, and showed, in an in vitro experiment, that phosphorylated Thr900 of the IL2 indeed binds to both isoforms of yeast 14-3-3 proteins, Bmh1 and Bmh2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Masaryk
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Membrane Transport, 14200 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Deepika Kale
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Membrane Transport, 14200 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Pohl
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Francisco J. Ruiz-Castilla
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Edaphology and Microbiology, University of Córdoba, 140 71 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Olga Zimmermannová
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Membrane Transport, 14200 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Obšilová
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - José Ramos
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Edaphology and Microbiology, University of Córdoba, 140 71 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Hana Sychrová
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Membrane Transport, 14200 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Corresponding author.
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5
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Kulik N, Kale D, Spurna K, Shamayeva K, Hauser F, Milic S, Janout H, Zayats V, Jacak J, Ludwig J. Dimerisation of the Yeast K + Translocation Protein Trk1 Depends on the K + Concentration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010398. [PMID: 36613841 PMCID: PMC9820094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), Trk1, a member of the superfamily of K-transporters (SKT), is the main K+ uptake system under conditions when its concentration in the environment is low. Structurally, Trk1 is made up of four domains, each similar and homologous to a K-channel α subunit. Because most K-channels are proteins containing four channel-building α subunits, Trk1 could be functional as a monomer. However, related SKT proteins TrkH and KtrB were crystallised as dimers, and for Trk1, a tetrameric arrangement has been proposed based on molecular modelling. Here, based on Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation experiments and single-molecule fluorescence microscopy combined with molecular modelling; we provide evidence that Trk1 can exist in the yeast plasma membrane as a monomer as well as a dimer. The association of monomers to dimers is regulated by the K+ concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kulik
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 136, 3733 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic
| | - Deepika Kale
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 136, 3733 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic
| | - Karin Spurna
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 136, 3733 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic
| | - Katsiaryna Shamayeva
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 136, 3733 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic
| | - Fabian Hauser
- School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstr, 21, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Sandra Milic
- School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstr, 21, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Hannah Janout
- Bioinformatics, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4232 Hagenberg, Austria
- Institute of Symbolic AI, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Vasilina Zayats
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 136, 3733 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslaw Jacak
- School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstr, 21, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Jost Ludwig
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 136, 3733 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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6
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Secrets of the fungus-specific potassium channel TOK family. Trends Microbiol 2022; 31:511-520. [PMID: 36567187 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several families of potassium (K+) channels are found in membranes of all eukaryotes, underlining the importance of K+ uptake and redistribution within and between cells and organs. Among them, TOK (tandem-pore outward-rectifying K+) channels consist of eight transmembrane domains and two pore domains per subunit organized in dimers. These channels were originally studied in yeast, but recent identifications and characterizations in filamentous fungi shed new light on this fungus-specific K+ channel family. Although their actual function in vivo is often puzzling, recent works indicate a role in cellular K+ homeostasis and even suggest a role in plant-fungus symbioses. This review aims at synthesizing the current knowledge on fungal TOK channels and discussing their potential role in yeasts and filamentous fungi.
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7
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Velázquez D, Průša V, Masrati G, Yariv E, Sychrova H, Ben‐Tal N, Zimmermannova O. Allosteric links between the hydrophilic N-terminus and transmembrane core of human Na + /H + antiporter NHA2. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4460. [PMID: 36177733 PMCID: PMC9667825 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human Na+ /H+ antiporter NHA2 (SLC9B2) transports Na+ or Li+ across the plasma membrane in exchange for protons, and is implicated in various pathologies. It is a 537 amino acids protein with an 82 residues long hydrophilic cytoplasmic N-terminus followed by a transmembrane part comprising 14 transmembrane helices. We optimized the functional expression of HsNHA2 in the plasma membrane of a salt-sensitive Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain and characterized in vivo a set of mutated or truncated versions of HsNHA2 in terms of their substrate specificity, transport activity, localization, and protein stability. We identified a highly conserved proline 246, located in the core of the protein, as being crucial for ion selectivity. The replacement of P246 with serine or threonine resulted in antiporters with altered substrate specificity that were not only highly active at acidic pH 4.0 (like the native antiporter), but also at neutral pH. P246T/S versions also exhibited increased resistance to the HsNHA2-specific inhibitor phloretin. We experimentally proved that a putative salt bridge between E215 and R432 is important for antiporter function, but also structural integrity. Truncations of the first 50-70 residues of the N-terminus doubled the transport activity of HsNHA2, while changes in the charge at positions E47, E56, K57, or K58 decreased the antiporter's transport activity. Thus, the hydrophilic N-terminal part of the protein appears to allosterically auto-inhibit cation transport of HsNHA2. Our data also show this in vivo approach to be useful for a rapid screening of SNP's effect on HsNHA2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Velázquez
- Laboratory of Membrane TransportInstitute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Průša
- Laboratory of Membrane TransportInstitute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Gal Masrati
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyGeorge S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - Elon Yariv
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyGeorge S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - Hana Sychrova
- Laboratory of Membrane TransportInstitute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Nir Ben‐Tal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyGeorge S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - Olga Zimmermannova
- Laboratory of Membrane TransportInstitute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
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8
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Sun F, Lv B, Zhang X, Wang C, Zhang L, Chen X, Liang Y, Chen L, Zou S, Dong H. The Endoplasmic Reticulum Cargo Receptor FgErv14 Regulates DON Production, Growth and Virulence in Fusarium graminearum. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12060799. [PMID: 35743830 PMCID: PMC9224835 DOI: 10.3390/life12060799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is a plant filamentous pathogenic fungi and the predominant causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in cereals worldwide. The regulators of the secretory pathway contribute significantly to fungal mycotoxin synthesis, development, and virulence. However, their roles in these processes in F. graminearum remain poorly understood. Here, we identified and functionally characterized the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cargo receptor FgErv14 in F. graminearum. Firstly, it was observed that FgErv14 is mainly localized in the ER. Then, we constructed the FgErv14 deletion mutant (ΔFgerv14) and found that the absence of the FgErv14 caused a serious reduction in vegetative growth, significant defects in asexual and sexual reproduction, and severely impaired virulence. Furthermore, we found that the ΔFgerv14 mutant exhibited a reduced expression of TRI genes and defective toxisome generation, both of which are critical for deoxynivalenol (DON) biosynthesis. Importantly, we found the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged FgRud3 was dispersed in the cytoplasm, whereas GFP-FgSnc1-PEM was partially trapped in the late Golgi in ΔFgerv14 mutant. These results demonstrate that FgErv14 mediates anterograde ER-to-Golgi transport as well as late secretory Golgi-to-Plasma membrane transport and is necessary for DON biosynthesis, asexual and sexual reproduction, vegetative growth, and pathogenicity in F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiang Sun
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.S.); (X.Z.); (C.W.); (L.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Beibei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China;
| | - Xuemeng Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.S.); (X.Z.); (C.W.); (L.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.S.); (X.Z.); (C.W.); (L.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.S.); (X.Z.); (C.W.); (L.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.L.); (H.D.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.S.); (X.Z.); (C.W.); (L.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.L.); (H.D.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Yuancun Liang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.S.); (X.Z.); (C.W.); (L.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.S.); (X.Z.); (C.W.); (L.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.L.); (H.D.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shenshen Zou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.S.); (X.Z.); (C.W.); (L.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.L.); (H.D.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (S.Z.)
| | - Hansong Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.S.); (X.Z.); (C.W.); (L.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.L.); (H.D.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
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9
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Yeast Trk1 Potassium Transporter Gradually Changes Its Affinity in Response to Both External and Internal Signals. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050432. [PMID: 35628688 PMCID: PMC9144525 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeasts need a high intracellular concentration of potassium to grow. The main K+ uptake system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the Trk1 transporter, a complex protein with four MPM helical membrane motifs. Trk1 has been shown to exist in low- or high-affinity modes, which reflect the availability of potassium in the environment. However, when and how the affinity changes, and whether the potassium availability is the only signal for the affinity switch, remains unknown. Here, we characterize the Trk1 kinetic parameters under various conditions and find that Trk1’s KT and Vmax change gradually. This gliding adjustment is rapid and precisely reflects the changes in the intracellular potassium content and membrane potential. A detailed characterization of the specific mutations in the P-helices of the MPM segments reveals that the presence of proline in the P-helix of the second and third MPM domain (F820P and L949P) does not affect the function of Trk1 in general, but rather specifically prevents the transporter’s transition to a high-affinity state. The analogous mutations in the two remaining MPM domains (L81P and L1115P) result in a mislocalized and inactive protein, highlighting the importance of the first and fourth P-helices in proper Trk1 folding and activity at the plasma membrane.
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10
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Moro S, Moscoso-Romero E, Poddar A, Mulet JM, Perez P, Chen Q, Valdivieso MH. Exomer Is Part of a Hub Where Polarized Secretion and Ionic Stress Connect. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:708354. [PMID: 34349749 PMCID: PMC8326576 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.708354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane and membranous organelles contribute to the physiology of the Eukaryotic cell by participating in vesicle trafficking and the maintenance of ion homeostasis. Exomer is a protein complex that facilitates vesicle transport from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane, and its absence leads to the retention of a set of selected cargoes in this organelle. However, this retention does not explain all phenotypes observed in exomer mutants. The Schizosaccharomyces pombe exomer is composed of Cfr1 and Bch1, and cfr1Δ and bch1Δ were sensitive to high concentrations of potassium salts but not sorbitol, which showed sensitivity to ionic but not osmotic stress. Additionally, the activity of the plasma membrane ATPase was higher in exomer mutants than in the wild-type, pointing to membrane hyperpolarization, which caused an increase in intracellular K+ content and mild sensitivity to Na+, Ca2+, and the aminoglycoside antibiotic hygromycin B. Moreover, in response to K+ shock, the intracellular Ca2+ level of cfr1Δ cells increased significantly more than in the wild-type, likely due to the larger Ca2+ spikes in the mutant. Microscopy analyses showed a defective endosomal morphology in the mutants. This was accompanied by an increase in the intracellular pools of the K+ exporting P-type ATPase Cta3 and the plasma membrane Transient Receptor Potential (TRP)-like Ca2+ channel Pkd2, which were partially diverted from the trans-Golgi network to the prevacuolar endosome. Despite this, most Cta3 and Pkd2 were delivered to the plasma membrane at the cell growing sites, showing that their transport from the trans-Golgi network to the cell surface occurred in the absence of exomer. Nevertheless, shortly after gene expression in the presence of KCl, the polarized distribution of Cta3 and Pkd2 in the plasma membrane was disturbed in the mutants. Finally, the use of fluorescent probes suggested that the distribution and dynamics of association of some lipids to the plasma membrane in the presence of KCl were altered in the mutants. Thus, exomer participation in the response to K+ stress was multifaceted. These results supported the notion that exomer plays a general role in protein sorting at the trans-Golgi network and in polarized secretion, which is not always related to a function as a selective cargo adaptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Moro
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Salamanca, Spain.,Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Esteban Moscoso-Romero
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Salamanca, Spain.,Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Abhishek Poddar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Jose M Mulet
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Perez
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - M-Henar Valdivieso
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Salamanca, Spain.,Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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11
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Shamayeva K, Spurna K, Kulik N, Kale D, Munko O, Spurny P, Zayats V, Ludwig J. MPM motifs of the yeast SKT protein Trk1 can assemble to form a functional K +-translocation system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1863:183513. [PMID: 33245894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The yeast Trk1 polypeptide, like other members of the Superfamily of K Transporters (SKT proteins) consists of four Membrane-Pore-Membrane motifs (MPMs A-D) each of which is homologous to a single K-channel subunit. SKT proteins are thought to have evolved from ancestral K-channels via two gene duplications and thus single MPMs might be able to assemble when located on different polypeptides. To test this hypothesis experimentally we generated a set of partial gene deletions to create alleles encoding one, two, or three MPMs, and analysed the cellular localisation and interactions of these Trk1 fragments using GFP tags and Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC). The function of these partial Trk1 proteins either alone or in combinations was assessed by expressing the encoding genes in a K+-uptake deficient strain lacking also the K-channel Tok1 (trk1,trk2,tok1Δ) and (i) analysing their ability to promote growth in low [K+] media and (ii) by ion flux measurements using "microelectrode based ion flux estimation" (MIFE). We found that proteins containing only one or two MPM motifs can interact with each other and assemble with a polypeptide consisting of the rest of the Trk system to form a functional K+-translocation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsiaryna Shamayeva
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 136, 373 33 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic.
| | - Karin Spurna
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 136, 373 33 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic.
| | - Natalia Kulik
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 136, 373 33 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic.
| | - Deepika Kale
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 136, 373 33 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic.
| | - Oksana Munko
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 136, 373 33 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic; University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Science, Branisovska 1760, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Spurny
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 136, 373 33 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic.
| | - Vasilina Zayats
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Stefana Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jost Ludwig
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 136, 373 33 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic.
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12
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Papouskova K, Moravcova M, Masrati G, Ben-Tal N, Sychrova H, Zimmermannova O. C5 conserved region of hydrophilic C-terminal part of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nha1 antiporter determines its requirement of Erv14 COPII cargo receptor for plasma-membrane targeting. Mol Microbiol 2020; 115:41-57. [PMID: 32864748 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Erv14, a conserved cargo receptor of COPII vesicles, helps the proper trafficking of many but not all transporters to the yeast plasma membrane, for example, three out of five alkali-metal-cation transporters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Among them, the Nha1 cation/proton antiporter, which participates in cell cation and pH homeostasis, is a large membrane protein (985 aa) possessing a long hydrophilic C-terminus (552 aa) containing six conserved regions (C1-C6) with unknown function. A short Nha1 version, lacking almost the entire C-terminus, still binds to Erv14 but does not need it to be targeted to the plasma membrane. Comparing the localization and function of ScNha1 variants shortened at its C-terminus in cells with or without Erv14 reveals that only ScNha1 versions possessing the complete C5 region are dependent on Erv14. In addition, our broad evolutionary conservation analysis of fungal Na+ /H+ antiporters identified new conserved regions in their C-termini, and our experiments newly show C5 and other, so far unknown, regions of the C-terminus, to be involved in the functionality and substrate specificity of ScNha1. Taken together, our results reveal that also relatively small hydrophilic parts of some yeast membrane proteins underlie their need to interact with the Erv14 cargo receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Papouskova
- Laboratory of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Moravcova
- Laboratory of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Gal Masrati
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Ben-Tal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Hana Sychrova
- Laboratory of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Zimmermannova
- Laboratory of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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13
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Dimou S, Diallinas G. Life and Death of Fungal Transporters under the Challenge of Polarity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155376. [PMID: 32751072 PMCID: PMC7432044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic plasma membrane (PM) transporters face critical challenges that are not widely present in prokaryotes. The two most important issues are proper subcellular traffic and targeting to the PM, and regulated endocytosis in response to physiological, developmental, or stress signals. Sorting of transporters from their site of synthesis, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), to the PM has been long thought, but not formally shown, to occur via the conventional Golgi-dependent vesicular secretory pathway. Endocytosis of specific eukaryotic transporters has been studied more systematically and shown to involve ubiquitination, internalization, and sorting to early endosomes, followed by turnover in the multivesicular bodies (MVB)/lysosomes/vacuole system. In specific cases, internalized transporters have been shown to recycle back to the PM. However, the mechanisms of transporter forward trafficking and turnover have been overturned recently through systematic work in the model fungus Aspergillus nidulans. In this review, we present evidence that shows that transporter traffic to the PM takes place through Golgi bypass and transporter endocytosis operates via a mechanism that is distinct from that of recycling membrane cargoes essential for fungal growth. We discuss these findings in relation to adaptation to challenges imposed by cell polarity in fungi as well as in other eukaryotes and provide a rationale of why transporters and possibly other housekeeping membrane proteins ‘avoid’ routes of polar trafficking.
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14
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Yin N, Zhu G, Luo Q, Liu J, Chen X, Liu L. Engineering of membrane phospholipid component enhances salt stress tolerance in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:710-720. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of EducationJiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Guoxing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of EducationJiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Qiuling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of EducationJiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of EducationJiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of EducationJiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of EducationJiangnan University Wuxi China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi China
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15
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Diallinas G, Martzoukou O. Transporter membrane traffic and function: lessons from a mould. FEBS J 2019; 286:4861-4875. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Diallinas
- Department of Biology National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Greece
| | - Olga Martzoukou
- Department of Biology National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Greece
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