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Lucia U, Bergandi L, Grisolia G, Fino D, Mareschi K, Marini E, Santa Banche Niclot AG, Tirtei E, Asaftei SD, Fagioli F, Ponzetto A, Silvagno F. The exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic-fields inhibits the growth and potentiates the sensitivity to chemotherapy of bidimensional and tridimensional human osteosarcoma models. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117162. [PMID: 39024997 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
We previously established a thermodynamical model to calculate the specific frequencies of extremely low frequency-electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) able to arrest the growth of cancer cells. In the present study, for the first time, we investigated the efficacy of this technology on osteosarcoma, and we applied a precise frequency of the electromagnetic field on three human osteosarcoma cell lines, grown as adherent cells and spheroids. We evaluated the antitumour efficacy of irradiation in terms of response to chemotherapeutic treatments, which is usually poor in this type of cancer. Importantly, the results of this novel combinatorial approach revealed that the specific exposure can potentiate the efficacy of several chemotherapeutic drugs, both on bidimensional and tridimensional cancer models. The effectiveness of cisplatinum, methotrexate, ifosfamide and doxorubicin was greatly increased by the concomitant application of the specific ELF-EMF. Moreover, our experiments confirmed that ELF-EMF inhibited the proliferation and modulated the mitochondrial metabolism of all cancer models tested, whereas mesenchymal cells were not affected. The latter finding is extremely valuable, given the importance of preserving the cell reservoir necessary for tissue regeneration after chemotherapy. Altogether, this novel evidence opens new avenues to the clinical applications of ELF-EMF in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Lucia
- Dipartimento Energia "Galileo Ferraris", Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy.
| | - Loredana Bergandi
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisolia
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Ambiente, del Territorio e delle Infrastrutture, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Debora Fino
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Katia Mareschi
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, The University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, Torino 10126, Italy; Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Paediatric Onco - Haematology Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, City of Health and Science of Turin, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Elena Marini
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, The University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, Torino 10126, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Tirtei
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, The University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, Torino 10126, Italy; Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Paediatric Onco - Haematology Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, City of Health and Science of Turin, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Sebastian Dorin Asaftei
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, The University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, Torino 10126, Italy; Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Paediatric Onco - Haematology Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, City of Health and Science of Turin, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Franca Fagioli
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, The University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, Torino 10126, Italy; Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Paediatric Onco - Haematology Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, City of Health and Science of Turin, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Antonio Ponzetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università di Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Francesca Silvagno
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, Torino 10126, Italy.
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Mathews J, Levin M. Cancer's unique bioelectric properties: From cells to body-wide networks: Comment on: "The distinguishing electrical properties of cancer cells" by Elisabetta Di Gregorio, Simone Israel, Michael Staelens, Gabriella Tankel, Karthik Shankar, and Jack A. Tuszynski (this issue). Phys Life Rev 2023; 47:113-115. [PMID: 37837910 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Mathews
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - M Levin
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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3
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Arango-Restrepo A, Rubi JM. Predicting cancer stages from tissue energy dissipation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15894. [PMID: 37741864 PMCID: PMC10517974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42780-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding cancer staging in order to predict its progression is vital to determine its severity and to plan the most appropriate therapies. This task has attracted interest from different fields of science and engineering. We propose a computational model that predicts the evolution of cancer in terms of the intimate structure of the tissue, considering that this is a self-organised structure that undergoes transformations governed by non-equilibrium thermodynamics laws. Based on experimental data on the dependence of tissue configurations on their elasticity and porosity, we relate the cancerous tissue stages with the energy dissipated, showing quantitatively that tissues in more advanced stages dissipate more energy. The knowledge of this energy allows us to know the probability of observing the tissue in its different stages and the probability of transition from one stage to another. We validate our results with experimental data and statistics from the World Health Organisation. Our quantitative approach provides insights into the evolution of cancer through its different stages, important as a starting point for new and integrative research to defeat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arango-Restrepo
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 647, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.
| | - J M Rubi
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 647, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Institut de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Marti i Franques, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
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4
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Askaripour K, Żak A. A mechanistically approached review upon assorted cell lines stimulated by athermal electromagnetic irradiation. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:1319-1342. [PMID: 37144743 PMCID: PMC10228405 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2206682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The probable influence of electromagnetic irradiation on cancer treatment has been deduced from the interaction of artificial electromagnetic emissions with biological organisms. Nonetheless, the suspected health effects induced by electromagnetic-based technology imply that such a treatment may contaminate the adjacent healthy cells. Thus, gaining mechanistic insights into the problem is required to avoid athermal health hazards. To tackle that, the current review, based upon in vitro studies into assorted cell lines, depicts the alterations in physiological processes triggered by electromagnetic irradiation via addressing gene regulatory cascades. Furthermore, decisive factors in the hypothesized cause-effect linkage in terms of the cell line-associated, exposure-associated, or endpoint-associated parameters are highlighted. As a result, subcellular structures such as aberrant Ca2+ channels, rich glycocalyx charge, or high water content in cancerous cells, which have attracted a great deal of attention, can explain their higher susceptibility compared with healthy cells under irradiation. Affected by cell components or geometry, the cellular biological window correlates with the metabolic or cell cycle status and determines the irradiation that causes the maximum influence. For instance, correlations between the frequency (or intensity) of irradiation and cell excitability or between the duration of irradiation and cell doubling time are observed. There are unspecified signaling pathways such as the pathway of PPAR-γ or MAPKs, and also proteins devoid of any investigation such as p14, or S phase-related and G2 phase-related proteins. Other chains, such as the cAMP connection with mitochondrial ATP or ERK signaling, the association of Hsps releases with signaling pathways of MAPKs, or the role of different ion channels in regulating various cell processes, require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Askaripour
- Department of Biomechatronics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Żak
- Department of Biomechatronics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
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5
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Ramazi S, Salimian M, Allahverdi A, Kianamiri S, Abdolmaleki P. Synergistic cytotoxic effects of an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field with doxorubicin on MCF-7 cell line. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8844. [PMID: 37258563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35767-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in women worldwide. Magnetic fields have shown anti-tumor effects in vitro and in vivo as a non-invasive therapy method that can affect cellular metabolism remotely. Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most commonly used drugs for treating breast cancer patients. It can be assumed that combining chemotherapy and magnetotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate the potential cytotoxic effect of DOX at low concentrations in combination with extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF; 50 Hz; 20 mT). The breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was examined for oxidative stress, cell cycle, and apoptosis. MCF-7 cells were treated with various concentrations of DOX as an apoptosis-inducing agent and ELF-EMF. Cytotoxicity was examined using the MTT colorimetric assay at 12, 24, and 48 h. Consequently, concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity was observed in MCF-7 cells for DOX within 24 h. The MTT assay results used showed that a 2 μM concentration of DOX reduced cell viability to 50% compared with control, and as well, the combination of ELF-EMF and DOX reduced cell viability to 50% compared with control at > 0.25 μM doses for 24 h. In MCF-7 cells, combining 0.25 μM DOX with ELF-EMF resulted in increased ROS levels and DOX-induced apoptosis. Flow cytometry analysis, on the other hand, revealed enhanced arrest of MCF-7 cells in the G0-G1 phase of the cell cycle, as well as inducing apoptotic cell death in MCF-7 cells, implying that the synergistic effects of 0.25 μM DOX and ELF-EMF may represent a novel and effective agent against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Ramazi
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Ale Ahmad Highway, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mani Salimian
- Department of Nano-Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdollah Allahverdi
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Ale Ahmad Highway, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Kianamiri
- Department of Nanotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Parviz Abdolmaleki
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Ale Ahmad Highway, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Di Gregorio E, Israel S, Staelens M, Tankel G, Shankar K, Tuszyński JA. The distinguishing electrical properties of cancer cells. Phys Life Rev 2022; 43:139-188. [PMID: 36265200 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, medical research has been primarily focused on the inherited aspect of cancers, despite the reality that only 5-10% of tumours discovered are derived from genetic causes. Cancer is a broad term, and therefore it is inaccurate to address it as a purely genetic disease. Understanding cancer cells' behaviour is the first step in countering them. Behind the scenes, there is a complicated network of environmental factors, DNA errors, metabolic shifts, and electrostatic alterations that build over time and lead to the illness's development. This latter aspect has been analyzed in previous studies, but how the different electrical changes integrate and affect each other is rarely examined. Every cell in the human body possesses electrical properties that are essential for proper behaviour both within and outside of the cell itself. It is not yet clear whether these changes correlate with cell mutation in cancer cells, or only with their subsequent development. Either way, these aspects merit further investigation, especially with regards to their causes and consequences. Trying to block changes at various levels of occurrence or assisting in their prevention could be the key to stopping cells from becoming cancerous. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the current knowledge regarding the electrical landscape of cells is much needed. We review four essential electrical characteristics of cells, providing a deep understanding of the electrostatic changes in cancer cells compared to their normal counterparts. In particular, we provide an overview of intracellular and extracellular pH modifications, differences in ionic concentrations in the cytoplasm, transmembrane potential variations, and changes within mitochondria. New therapies targeting or exploiting the electrical properties of cells are developed and tested every year, such as pH-dependent carriers and tumour-treating fields. A brief section regarding the state-of-the-art of these therapies can be found at the end of this review. Finally, we highlight how these alterations integrate and potentially yield indications of cells' malignancy or metastatic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Di Gregorio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, TO, Italy; Autem Therapeutics, 35 South Main Street, Hanover, 03755, NH, USA
| | - Simone Israel
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, TO, Italy; Autem Therapeutics, 35 South Main Street, Hanover, 03755, NH, USA
| | - Michael Staelens
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, 11335 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada
| | - Gabriella Tankel
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, ON, Canada
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 116 Street NW, Edmonton, T6G 1H9, AB, Canada
| | - Jack A Tuszyński
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, TO, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Alberta, 11335 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, T6G 1Z2, AB, Canada.
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7
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Gholipour Hamedani B, Goliaei B, Shariatpanahi SP, Nezamtaheri M. An overview of the biological effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields combined with ionizing radiation. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 172:50-59. [PMID: 35513112 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
By growing the electrical power networks and electronic devices, electromagnetic fields (EMF) have become an inseparable part of the modern world. Considering the inevitable exposure to a various range of EMFs, especially at extremely low frequencies (ELF-EMF), investigating the biological effects of ELF-EMFs on biological systems became a global issue. The possible adverse consequences of these exposures were studied, along with their potential therapeutic capabilities. Also, their biological impacts in combination with other chemical and physical agents, specifically ionizing radiation (IR), as a co-carcinogen or as adjuvant therapy in combination with radiotherapy were explored. Here, we review the results of several in-vitro and in-vivo studies and discuss some proposed possible mechanisms of ELF-EMFs' actions in combination with IR. The results of these experiments could be fruitful to develop more precise safety standards for environmental ELF-EMFs exposures. Furthermore, it could evaluate the therapeutic capacities of ELF-EMFs alone or as an improver of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Gholipour Hamedani
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Goliaei
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Peyman Shariatpanahi
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryamsadat Nezamtaheri
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Bergandi L, Lucia U, Grisolia G, Salaroglio IC, Gesmundo I, Granata R, Borchiellini R, Ponzetto A, Silvagno F. Thermomagnetic Resonance Effect of the Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Three-Dimensional Cancer Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147955. [PMID: 35887313 PMCID: PMC9318636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In our recent studies, we have developed a thermodynamic biochemical model able to select the resonant frequency of an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) specifically affecting different types of cancer, and we have demonstrated its effects in vitro. In this work, we investigate the cellular response to the ELF electromagnetic wave in three-dimensional (3D) culture models, which mimic the features of tumors in vivo. Cell membrane was modelled as a resistor–capacitor circuit and the specific thermal resonant frequency was calculated and tested on two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures of human pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma and breast cancer. Cell proliferation and the transcription of respiratory chain and adenosine triphosphate synthase subunits, as well as uncoupling proteins, were assessed. For the first time, we demonstrate that an ELF-EMF hampers growth and potentiates both the coupled and uncoupled respiration of all analyzed models. Interestingly, the metabolic shift was evident even in the 3D aggregates, making this approach particularly valuable and promising for future application in vivo, in aggressive cancer tissues characterized by resistance to treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Bergandi
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.B.); (I.C.S.)
| | - Umberto Lucia
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (U.L.); (G.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Giulia Grisolia
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (U.L.); (G.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Iris Chiara Salaroglio
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.B.); (I.C.S.)
| | - Iacopo Gesmundo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso A.M. Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy; (I.G.); (R.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Riccarda Granata
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso A.M. Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy; (I.G.); (R.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Romano Borchiellini
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (U.L.); (G.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Antonio Ponzetto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso A.M. Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy; (I.G.); (R.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Francesca Silvagno
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.B.); (I.C.S.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Ye AF, Liu XC, Chen LJ, Xia YP, Yang XB, Sun WJ. Endogenous Ca 2+ release was involved in 50-Hz MF-induced proliferation via Akt-SK1 signal cascade in human amniotic epithelial cells. Electromagn Biol Med 2022; 41:142-151. [PMID: 35129008 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2022.2031211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying the biological effects caused by an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) is still unclear. Previously, we found that L-type calcium channel and sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) were involved in 50-Hz MF exposure-induced cell proliferation. In the present study, the role of intracellular Ca2+ and signal molecules related to SK1 in cell proliferation induced by 50-Hz MF was investigated in human amniotic epithelial (FL) cells. Results showed that the intracellular Ca2+ chelator, BAPTA, could completely inhibit 50-Hz MF-induced cell proliferation, whereas NIF, the inhibitor of L-type calcium channel, only partly blocked it. When cells were cultured in calcium-free medium, MF exposure also increased intracellular Ca2+, activated SK1 and promoted cell proliferation although all of those increasing levels were lower than those in complete medium. Moreover, MF-activated SK1 could be completely inhibited by BAPTA, and MF-induced cell proliferation was abolished by SKI II, the specific inhibitor of SK1. Additionally, a 50-Hz MF exposure did not affect the activation of ERK and PKCα under the condition of calcium-free medium, but activated the Akt, which could be precluded entirely by BAPTA, but not be inhibited by NIF. Treatment of FL cells with LY294002, the inhibitor of Akt, could delete the MF-induced SK1 activation under the condition of calcium-free medium. Based on the data from the present experiment, it is concluded that endogenous Ca2+ release was involved in 50-Hz MF-induced cell proliferation via Akt-SK1 signal cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Fang Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, ZJ, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, ZJ, China
| | - Liang-Jing Chen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, ZJ, China.,Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, ZJ, China
| | - Yong-Peng Xia
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, ZJ, China.,Shaoxing Shangyu Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shaoxing, ZJ, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Yang
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, ZJ, China.,Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Jun Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, ZJ, China.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, ZJ, China.,Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, ZJ, China
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10
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Bergandi L, Apprato G, Silvagno F. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Combined Phycocyanin and Palmitoylethanolamide in Human Lung and Prostate Epithelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020201. [PMID: 35204084 PMCID: PMC8868053 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation involving the innate and adaptive immune systems is a normal response to infection; however, when allowed to continue unchecked, inflammation may result in several pathologies. Natural molecules with antioxidant properties can target the key players of inflammation and exert beneficial health effects. In this study, human normal bronchial (Beas-2B) and prostate (HPrEpiC) epithelial cell lines were exposed to infectious stimulation and treated with phycocyanin (PC) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), with the aim of demonstrating the enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the combination. The cotreatment protected from cytotoxicity and greatly abated both the production of radical oxygen species (ROS) and the transcription of several inflammatory cytokines. Oxidative stress and inflammation were curtailed by affecting three main pathways: (1) inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme and consequent decrease of signaling generating ROS; (2) increased synthesis of glutathione and therefore strengthening of the natural antioxidant defenses of the cells; (3) decreased infection-driven mitochondrial respiratory burst which generates oxidative stress. Based on the mounting interest in using nutraceuticals as adjuvants in the clinical practice, the present study unveils new mechanisms of action and enhanced efficacy of PC and PEA, supporting the possible exploitation of this combination in human disorders.
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11
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Barati M, Javidi MA, Darvishi B, Shariatpanahi SP, Mesbah Moosavi ZS, Ghadirian R, Khani T, Sanati H, Simaee H, Shokrollahi Barough M, Farahmand L, Madjid Ansari A. Necroptosis triggered by ROS accumulation and Ca 2+ overload, partly explains the inflammatory responses and anti-cancer effects associated with 1Hz, 100 mT ELF-MF in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:84-98. [PMID: 33857627 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Whereas the anti-neoplastic activity of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-EMF) is well-documented in literature, little is known about its underlying anti-cancer mechanisms and induced types of cell death. Here, for the first time, we reported induction of necroptosis, a specific type of programed necrotic cell death, in MC4-L2 breast cancer cell lines following a 2 h/day exposure to a 100 Hz, 1 mT ELF-EMF for five days. For in vivo assessment, inbred BALB/c mice bearing established MC-4L2 tumors were exposed to 100 mT, 1 Hz ELF-EMF 2 h daily for a period of 28-day, following which tumors were dissected and fixed for evaluation of tumor biomarkers expression and types of cell death induced using TUNEL assay, Immunohistochemistry and H&E staining. Peripheral blood samples were also collected for assessing pro-inflammatory cytokine profile following exposure. An exaggerated proinflammatory response evident form enhancement of IFN-γ (4.8 ± 0.24 folds) and TNF-α (3.1 ± 0.19 folds) and number of tumors infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), specially CD8+ Th cells (~20 folds), proposed occurrence of necroptosis in vivo. Meanwhile, exposure could effectively suppress tumor growth and expression of Ki-67, CD31, VEGFR2 and MMP-9. In vitro studies on ELF-EMF exposed MC-4L2 cells demonstrated a meaningful increase in phosphorylation of RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL proteins and cleavage of caspase-9/caspase-3, confirming occurrence of both necroptosis and apoptosis. Complementary in vitro studies by treating ELF-EMF exposed MC-4L2 cells with verapamil (a calcium channel inhibitor), N-acetyl cysteine (a ROS scavenger) or calcium chloride confirmed the role of elevated intracellular calcium and ROS levels in ELF-EMF induced necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Barati
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Javidi
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrad Darvishi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra S Mesbah Moosavi
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Reyhane Ghadirian
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Khani
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Sanati
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Simaee
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Leila Farahmand
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Madjid Ansari
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamic Approach to Ca2+-Fluxes in Cancer. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10196737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Living systems waste heat in their environment. This is the measurable effect of the irreversibility of the biophysical and biochemical processes fundamental to their life. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics allows us to analyse the ion fluxes through the cell membrane, and to relate them to the membrane electric potential, in order to link this to the biochemical and biophysical behaviour of the living cells. This is particularly interesting in relation to cancer, because it could represent a new viewpoint, in order to develop new possible anticancer therapies, based on the thermoelectric behaviour of cancer itself. Here, we use a new approach, recently introduced in thermodynamics, in order to develop the analysis of the ion fluxes, and to point out consequences related to the membrane electric potential, from a thermodynamic viewpoint. We show how any increase in the cell temperature could generate a decrease in the membrane electric potential, with a direct relation between cancer and inflammation. Moreover, a thermal threshold, for the cell membrane electric potential gradient, has been obtained, and related to the mitotic activity. Finally, we obtained the external surface growth of the cancer results related (i) to the Ca2+-fluxes, (ii) to the temperature difference between the the system and its environment, and (iii) to the chemical potential of the ion species.
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Lucia U, Grisolia G. How Life Works-A Continuous Seebeck-Peltier Transition in Cell Membrane? ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 22:E960. [PMID: 33286729 PMCID: PMC7597250 DOI: 10.3390/e22090960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper develops a non-equilibrium thermodynamic approach to life, with particular regards to the membrane role. The Onsager phenomenological coefficients are introduced in order to point out the thermophysical properties of the cell systems. The fundamental role of the cell membrane electric potential is highlighted, in relation to ions and heat fluxes, pointing out the strictly relation between heat exchange and the membrane electric potential. A Seebeck-like and Peltier-like effects emerge in order to simplify the description of the heat and the ions fluxes. Life is described as a continuos transition between the Peltier-like effect to the Seebeck-like one, and viceversa.
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Lucia U, Grisolia G, Ponzetto A, Bergandi L, Silvagno F. Thermomagnetic resonance affects cancer growth and motility. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:200299. [PMID: 32874627 PMCID: PMC7428280 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The fight against a multifaceted incurable disease such as cancer requires a multidisciplinary approach to overcome the multitude of molecular defects at its origin. Here, a new thermophysical biochemical approach has been suggested and associated with the use of electromagnetic fields to control the growth of cancer cells. In particular, thermodynamic analysis of the heat transfer is developed in correlation with cellular parameters such as the volume/area ratio. We propose that the electromagnetic wave, at the specific frequency calculated as the characteristic response time of any cell type to the external thermal perturbation, can affect resonant intracellular molecular oscillations. The biochemical model hypothesizes that microtubules are stabilized, and the impact is predicted on cell growth, migration and mitochondrial activity. Experimental validation of the theoretical results shows that the thermodynamic analysis allows the application of the specific electromagnetic field able to decrease cancer cell invasion and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Lucia
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisolia
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Ponzetto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso A.M. Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Loredana Bergandi
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Silvagno
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Author for correspondence: Francesca Silvagno e-mail:
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15
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Progress in the Knowledge, Application and Influence of Extremely Low Frequency Signals. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10103494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the characteristics of contributions made by researchers worldwide in the field of ELF (extremely low frequency) waves from 1957 to 2019. The data were collected through the Scopus database and processed with analytical and bibliometric techniques. The selection of the keywords is an essential step, because ELF has a very different meaning in some areas of medicine, where it is associated with a gene. A total of 12,436 documents were worked on in 12 thematic communities according to their collaborative relationships between authors and documents. Studies included authors publishing in the different thematic areas and the country where the USA stands first with more researchers in this theme than China and Japan. Documents were analyzed from the temporal perspective, their overall contribution, means of publication, and the language of the publication. Research requires extra effort and multidisciplinary collaboration to improve the knowledge, the application, and influence of these fields.
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16
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Gesmundo I, Silvagno F, Banfi D, Monica V, Fanciulli A, Gamba G, Congiusta N, Libener R, Riganti C, Ghigo E, Granata R. Calcitriol Inhibits Viability and Proliferation in Human Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:559586. [PMID: 33133014 PMCID: PMC7579995 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.559586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive tumor, often associated with exposure to asbestos and characterized by poor prognosis and limited treatment options. The biologically active form of vitamin D, calcitriol, exerts anticancer effects in many cell types, both alone and in combination with chemotherapy drugs, through binding to vitamin D receptor (VDR); however, the role of calcitriol in MPM is still unknown. This study aimed to determine the potential antitumor role of calcitriol in MPM. The results showed that calcitriol reduces cell viability and proliferation in human MPM cells lines, which express both cytoplasmic and nuclear VDR; furthermore, calcitriol potentiated the inhibitory activity of the chemotherapy drug PEM. These effects were paralleled by cell cycle arrest and inhibition in expression of c-Myc and cyclins involved in cell cycle progression. Exposure of MPM cells to calcitriol also produced an alteration in mitochondrial function and inhibition in the expression of respiratory chain complex subunits. Finally, the inhibitory effects of calcitriol were also observed on viability of human primary MPM cells. Collectively, these results indicate a novel anticancer role for calcitriol in MPM, suggesting potential for vitamin D derivatives, alone or in combination with chemotherapy, in the treatment of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iacopo Gesmundo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Dana Banfi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Monica
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fanciulli
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Gamba
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Noemi Congiusta
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Libener
- Pathology Unit, SS. Antonio e Biagio General Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ezio Ghigo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Riccarda Granata
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Riccarda Granata
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