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Knorre DA, Galkina KV, Shirokovskikh T, Banerjee A, Prasad R. Do Multiple Drug Resistance Transporters Interfere with Cell Functioning under Normal Conditions? BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:1560-1569. [PMID: 33705294 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920120081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells rely on multiple mechanisms to protect themselves from exogenous toxic compounds. For instance, cells can limit penetration of toxic molecules through the plasma membrane or sequester them within the specialized compartments. Plasma membrane transporters with broad substrate specificity confer multiple drug resistance (MDR) to cells. These transporters efflux toxic compounds at the cost of ATP hydrolysis (ABC-transporters) or proton influx (MFS-transporters). In our review, we discuss the possible costs of having an active drug-efflux system using yeast cells as an example. The pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) subfamily ABC-transporters are known to constitutively hydrolyze ATP even without any substrate stimulation or transport across the membrane. Besides, some MDR-transporters have flippase activity allowing transport of lipids from inner to outer lipid layer of the plasma membrane. Thus, excessive activity of MDR-transporters can adversely affect plasma membrane properties. Moreover, broad substrate specificity of ABC-transporters also suggests the possibility of unintentional efflux of some natural metabolic intermediates from the cells. Furthermore, in some microorganisms, transport of quorum-sensing factors is mediated by MDR transporters; thus, overexpression of the transporters can also disturb cell-to-cell communications. As a result, under normal conditions, cells keep MDR-transporter genes repressed and activate them only upon exposure to stresses. We speculate that exploiting limitations of the drug-efflux system is a promising strategy to counteract MDR in pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Knorre
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - K V Galkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - T Shirokovskikh
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A Banerjee
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology and Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Haryana, Amity Education Valley, Gurugram, 122413, India
| | - R Prasad
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology and Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Haryana, Amity Education Valley, Gurugram, 122413, India
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2
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Protonophore FCCP provides fitness advantage to PDR-deficient yeast cells. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2020; 52:383-395. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-020-09849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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3
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Csáky Z, Garaiová M, Kodedová M, Valachovič M, Sychrová H, Hapala I. Squalene lipotoxicity in a lipid droplet‐less yeast mutant is linked to plasma membrane dysfunction. Yeast 2020; 37:45-62. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Csáky
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Martina Garaiová
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Marie Kodedová
- Department of Membrane Transport, Division BIOCEV Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Martin Valachovič
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Hana Sychrová
- Department of Membrane Transport, Division BIOCEV Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Hapala
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia
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4
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Valiakhmetov AY, Kuchin AV, Suzina NE, Zvonarev AN, Shepelyakovskaya AO. Glucose causes primary necrosis in exponentially grown yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 19:5347945. [PMID: 30785621 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foz019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present data on sugar-induced cell death (SICD) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the exponential phase of growth. We suggest that the nature of SICD in exponentially grown yeast is primary necrosis, in contrast to cells in the stationary growth phase, which exhibit apoptotic SICD. The following findings confirm this conclusion: (i) the process rate; (ii) the impairments of plasma membrane integrity; (iii) the drastic morphological changes in the intracellular content; (iv) the absence of chromatin condensation; (v) the absence of externalization of phosphotidylserine (PS) on the outer leaflet of plasma membrane and (vi) the insensitivity of the SICD process to cycloheximide (CHX). Research shows that SICD occurs in a subpopulation of cells in the S-phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ya Valiakhmetov
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, FRC PCBR RAS.,Moscow Region State University
| | - A V Kuchin
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, FRC PCBR RAS
| | - N E Suzina
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, FRC PCBR RAS
| | - A N Zvonarev
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, FRC PCBR RAS
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Jindal S, Yang L, Day PJ, Kell DB. Involvement of multiple influx and efflux transporters in the accumulation of cationic fluorescent dyes by Escherichia coli. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:195. [PMID: 31438868 PMCID: PMC6704527 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is widely believed that most xenobiotics cross biomembranes by diffusing through the phospholipid bilayer, and that the use of protein transporters is an occasional adjunct. According to an alternative view, phospholipid bilayer transport is negligible, and several different transporters may be involved in the uptake of an individual molecular type. We recognise here that the availability of gene knockout collections allows one to assess the contributions of all potential transporters, and flow cytometry based on fluorescence provides a convenient high-throughput assay for xenobiotic uptake in individual cells. Results We used high-throughput flow cytometry to assess the ability of individual gene knockout strains of E coli to take up two membrane-permeable, cationic fluorescent dyes, namely the carbocyanine diS-C3(5) and the DNA dye SYBR Green. Individual strains showed a large range of distributions of uptake. The range of modal steady-state uptakes for the carbocyanine between the different strains was 36-fold. Knockouts of the ATP synthase α- and β-subunits greatly inhibited uptake, implying that most uptake was ATP-driven rather than being driven by a membrane potential. Dozens of transporters changed the steady-state uptake of the dye by more than 50% with respect to that of the wild type, in either direction (increased or decreased); knockouts of known influx and efflux transporters behaved as expected, giving credence to the general strategy. Many of the knockouts with the most reduced uptake were transporter genes of unknown function (‘y-genes’). Similarly, several overexpression variants in the ‘ASKA’ collection had the anticipated, opposite effects. Similar results were obtained with SYBR Green (the range being approximately 69-fold). Although it too contains a benzothiazole motif there was negligible correlation between its uptake and that of the carbocyanine when compared across the various strains (although the membrane potential is presumably the same in each case). Conclusions Overall, we conclude that the uptake of these dyes may be catalysed by a great many transporters of putatively broad and presently unknown specificity, and that the very large range between the ‘lowest’ and the ‘highest’ levels of uptake, even in knockouts of just single genes, implies strongly that phospholipid bilayer transport is indeed negligible. This work also casts serious doubt upon the use of such dyes as quantitative stains for representing either bioenergetic parameters or the amount of cellular DNA in unfixed cells (in vivo). By contrast, it opens up their potential use as transporter assay substrates in high-throughput screening. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-019-1561-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijan Jindal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.,Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Lei Yang
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Philip J Day
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Douglas B Kell
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK. .,Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark. .,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
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Plasma Membrane Potential of Candida albicans Measured by Di-4-ANEPPS Fluorescence Depends on Growth Phase and Regulatory Factors. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7040110. [PMID: 31022974 PMCID: PMC6518178 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7040110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of the plasma membrane (Δѱ) regulates the electrochemical potential between the outer and inner sides of cell membranes. The opportunistic fungal pathogen, Candida albicans, regulates the membrane potential in response to environmental conditions, as well as the physiological state of the cell. Here we demonstrate a new method for detection of cell membrane depolarization/permeabilization in C. albicans using the potentiometric zwitterionic dye di-4-ANEPPS. Di-4-ANEPPS measures the changes in the cell Δѱ depending on the phases of growth and external factors regulating Δѱ, such as potassium or calcium chlorides, amiodarone or DM-11 (inhibitor of H+-ATPase). We also demonstrated that di-4-ANEPPS is a good tool for fast measurement of the influence of amphipathic compounds on Δѱ.
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Valiakhmetov AY, Shepelyakovskaya AO. The Effects of Glucose and Sorbitol on Pore Formation in the Plasma Membrane of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast during Electroporation. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350918010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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8
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Four Saccharomyces species differ in their tolerance to various stresses though they have similar basic physiological parameters. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2017; 63:217-227. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-017-0559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Kodedová M, Sychrová H. High-throughput fluorescence screening assay for the identification and comparison of antimicrobial peptides’ activity on various yeast species. J Biotechnol 2016; 233:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Kodedová M, Sychrová H. Changes in the Sterol Composition of the Plasma Membrane Affect Membrane Potential, Salt Tolerance and the Activity of Multidrug Resistance Pumps in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139306. [PMID: 26418026 PMCID: PMC4587746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the impact of the deletions of genes from the final steps in the biosynthesis of ergosterol (ERG6, ERG2, ERG3, ERG5, ERG4) on the physiological function of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae plasma membrane by a combination of biological tests and the diS-C3(3) fluorescence assay. Most of the erg mutants were more sensitive than the wild type to salt stress or cationic drugs, their susceptibilities were proportional to the hyperpolarization of their plasma membranes. The different sterol composition of the plasma membrane played an important role in the short-term and long-term processes that accompanied the exposure of erg strains to a hyperosmotic stress (effect on cell size, pH homeostasis and survival of yeasts), as well as in the resistance of cells to antifungal drugs. The pleiotropic drug-sensitive phenotypes of erg strains were, to a large extent, a result of the reduced efficiency of the Pdr5 efflux pump, which was shown to be more sensitive to the sterol content of the plasma membrane than Snq2p. In summary, the erg4Δ and erg6Δ mutants exhibited the most compromised phenotypes. As Erg6p is not involved in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, it may become a target for a new generation of antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Kodedová
- Department of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Hana Sychrová
- Department of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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11
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Ła̧cka I, Konieczny MT, Bułakowska A, Kodedová M, Gašková D, Maurya IK, Prasad R, Milewski S. Chemosensitization of multidrug resistant Candida albicans by the oxathiolone fused chalcone derivatives. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:783. [PMID: 26300857 PMCID: PMC4525051 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Three structurally related oxathiolone fused chalcone derivatives appeared effective chemosensitizers, able to restore in part sensitivity to fluconazole of multidrug-resistant C. albicans strains. Compound 21 effectively chemosensitized cells resistant due to the overexpression of the MDR1 gene, compound 6 reduced resistance of cells overexpressing the ABC-type drug transporters CDR1/CDR2 and derivative 18 partially reversed fluconazole resistance mediated by both types of yeast drug efflux pumps. The observed effect of sensitization of resistant strains of Candida albicans to fluconazole activity in the presence of active compounds most likely resulted from inhibition of the pump-mediated efflux, as was revealed by the results of studies involving the fluorescent probes, Nile Red, Rhodamine 6G and diS-C3(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Ła̧cka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marek T Konieczny
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anita Bułakowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marie Kodedová
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Gašková
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Indresh K Maurya
- Membrane Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- Membrane Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi, India
| | - Sławomir Milewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology Gdańsk, Poland
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12
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Herman P, Vecer J, Opekarova M, Vesela P, Jancikova I, Zahumensky J, Malinsky J. Depolarization affects the lateral microdomain structure of yeast plasma membrane. FEBS J 2014; 282:419-34. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Herman
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Vecer
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Opekarova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petra Vesela
- Institute of Experimental Medicine; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Iva Jancikova
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Zahumensky
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jan Malinsky
- Institute of Experimental Medicine; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
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Correlation between glucose uptake and membrane potential in Leishmania parasites isolated from DCL patients with therapeutic failure: a proof of concept. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:2121-8. [PMID: 24671239 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-3862-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Besides infection with drug-resistant parasites, therapeutic failure in leishmaniasis may be caused by altered drug pharmacokinetics, re-infection, and host immunologic compromise. Our aim has been to evaluate if relapses that occur in patients suffering from diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) associate with changes in the fitness of infecting organisms. Therefore, in isolates from patients suffering DCL, we correlated glucose uptake and plasma membrane potential and compared the results with those obtained from reference strains. The data demonstrate that Leishmania parasites causing DCL incorporate glucose at an efficient rate, albeit without significant changes in the plasma membrane potential as their corresponding reference strains. The isolate that did not change its accumulation rate of glucose compared to its reference strain expressed a less polarized membrane potential that was insensitive to mitochondrial inhibitors, suggesting a metabolic dysfunction that may result in glycolysis being the main source of ATP. The results constitute a proof of concept that indicates that parasites causing DCL adapted well to drug pressure and expressed an increased fitness. That is, that in Leishmania mexicana and Leishmania amazonensis, parasites isolated from DCL patients, a strong modification of the parasite physiology might occur. As consequences, the parasites adapted well to drug pressure, increased their fitness, and they had an efficient glucose uptake rate albeit not significant changes in membrane potential as their corresponding reference strains. Further validation of the concepts herein established and whether or not the third isolate corresponds with a drug-resistant phenotype need to be demonstrated at the genetic level.
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14
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Gášková D, Plášek J, Zahumenský J, Benešová I, Buriánková L, Sigler K. Alcohols are inhibitors of Saccharomyces cerevisiae multidrug-resistance pumps Pdr5p and Snq2p. FEMS Yeast Res 2013; 13:782-95. [PMID: 24028576 DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of alcohols on cell membrane proteins has originally been assumed to be mediated by their primary action on membrane lipid matrix. Many studies carried out later on both animal and yeast cells have revealed that ethanol and other alcohols inhibit the functions of various membrane channels, receptors and solute transport proteins, and a direct interaction of alcohols with these membrane proteins has been proposed. Using our fluorescence diS-C3 (3) diagnostic assay for multidrug-resistance pump inhibitors in a set of isogenic yeast Pdr5p and Snq2p mutants, we found that n-alcohols (from ethanol to hexanol) variously affect the activity of both pumps. Beginning with propanol, these alcohols have an inhibitory effect that increases with increasing length of the alcohol acyl chain. While ethanol does not exert any inhibitory effect at any of the concentration used (up to 3%), hexanol exerts a strong inhibition at 0.1%. The alcohol-induced inhibition of MDR pumps was detected even in cells whose membrane functional and structural integrity were not compromised. This supports a notion that the inhibitory action does not necessarily involve only changes in the lipid matrix of the membrane but may entail a direct interaction of the alcohols with the pump proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Gášková
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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15
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Kodedová M, Sigler K, Lemire BD, Gášková D. Fluorescence method for determining the mechanism and speed of action of surface-active drugs on yeast cells. Biotechniques 2011; 50:58-63. [DOI: 10.2144/000113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
New antifungal agents are needed to treat life-threatening fungal infections, particularly with the development of resistance. Surface-active antifungals have the advantages of minimizing host toxicity and the emergence of drug resistance. We have developed a time-dependent drug exposure assay that allows us to rapidly investigate the mechanism of surface-active antifungal drug action. The assay uses a multidrug pump-deficient strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the potentiometric dye 3,3′-dipropylthiacarbocyanine iodide [diS-C3(3)] and can assess whether cells are depolarized, hyperpolarized, or permeabilized by drug exposure. In this work, we investigated the mechanisms of action of five surface-active compounds: SDS, nystatin, amphotericin B, octenidine dihydrochloride, and benzalkonium chloride. The diS-C3(3) time-dependent drug exposure assay can be used to identify the mechanisms of action of a wide range of drugs. It is a fast and cost-effective method for screening drugs to determine their lowest effective concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Kodedová
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Sigler
- Institute of Microbiology, CR Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bernard D. Lemire
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dana Gášková
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
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16
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General and molecular microbiology and microbial genetics in the IM CAS. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 37:1227-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0859-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Krasowska A, Łukaszewicz M, Bartosiewicz D, Sigler K. Cell ATP level of Saccharomyces cerevisiae sensitively responds to culture growth and drug-inflicted variations in membrane integrity and PDR pump activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 395:51-5. [PMID: 20346916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.03.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular ATP level in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was measured during culture growth of strain US50-18C overproducing all major PDR pumps and its isogenic mutants variously deleted in these pumps. It was found to be inversely proportional to the intensity of cell metabolism during different growth phases and to the activity of PDR pumps, which are thus among major ATP consumers in the cells. The ATP level was increased when membrane integrity was affected by 0.5% butanol, and further increased by compound 23.1, a semisynthetic phenol lipid derivative that acts as inhibitor of Pdr5p and Snq2p pumps. The magnitude of increase in cell ATP caused by inhibition of Pdr5p pump by compound 23.1 and the Pdr5p pump inhibitor FK506 used for comparison reflects the activity and hence the energy demand of the pump. The rise in cell ATP caused by different PDR pump inhibitors can be thus used as an indicator of pump activity and the potency of the inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Krasowska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wrocław University, Przybyszewskiego 63-77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland.
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18
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Yeast and stress: from the laboratory to the brewery. KVASNY PRUMYSL 2010. [DOI: 10.18832/kp2010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Palková Z, Váchová L, Gásková D, Kucerová H. Synchronous plasma membrane electrochemical potential oscillations during yeast colony development and aging. Mol Membr Biol 2009; 26:228-35. [PMID: 19418350 DOI: 10.1080/09687680902893130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms that survive in natural environments form organized multicellular communities, biofilms and colonies with specific properties. During stress and nutrient limitation, slow growing and senescent cells in such communities retain vital processes by maintaining plasma membrane integrity and retaining the ability to generate transmembrane electrochemical gradients. We report the use of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae colonial model to show that population growth in a multicellular community depends on nutrient diffusion and that resting cells start to accumulate from the beginning of the second acidic phase of colony development. Despite differentiation of colony members, synchronous transmembrane potential oscillation was detected in the organized colony. The electrochemical membrane potential periodically oscillated at frequencies between those for circadian to infradian rhythms during colony aging and transiently decreased at time points previously linked with rebuilding of yeast metabolism. Despite extensive decreases in the intracellular ATP concentration and in the amount and activity of the plasma membrane proton pump during nutrient limited growth and colony aging, the transmembrane electrochemical potential appeared to be maintained above a level critical for population survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdena Palková
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
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Hendrych T, Kodedová M, Sigler K, Gášková D. Characterization of the kinetics and mechanisms of inhibition of drugs interacting with the S. cerevisiae multidrug resistance pumps Pdr5p and Snq2p. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2009; 1788:717-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Revised: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Gásková D, DeCorby A, Lemire BD. DiS-C3(3) monitoring of in vivo mitochondrial membrane potential in C. elegans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 354:814-9. [PMID: 17266929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Accepted: 01/15/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial respiratory chain plays a crucial role in cellular and organismal health. In addition to being the major source of energy for most cells, mitochondrial respiratory chain function regulates or modulates redox and metabolite homeostasis, apoptosis and the generation of reactive oxygen species. In order to measure the relative in vivo mitochondrial membrane potential of different strains of the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, we have developed a fluorescence assay using the cationic, lipophilic carbocyanine dye, diS-C(3)(3). We demonstrate that two complex I-deficient mutants have significantly lower mitochondrial membrane potentials in vivo than wild type animals. Our fluorescence assay will enable us to better dissect and understand the complex phenotypic consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Gásková
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Ke Karlovu 5, 12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada T6G 2H7
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Malác J, Urbánková E, Sigler K, Gásková D. Activity of yeast multidrug resistance pumps during growth is controlled by carbon source and the composition of growth-depleted medium: DiS-C3(3) fluorescence assay. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2005; 37:2536-43. [PMID: 16061415 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2005.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2005] [Revised: 06/10/2005] [Accepted: 06/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Like other tested wild-type strains (DTXII and IL-125-2B), exponential glucose- and/or fructose-grown cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 exhibit the previously described high activity of Pdr5p and Snq2p pumps (measured as export of the potentiometric fluorescent probe diS-C3(3)). Upon saccharide depletion from the medium the pump activity in these cells, which differ from other strains in having a lower membrane potential, sharply drops to a very low level similar to that found in cells grown on ethanol or glycerol. This negligible pump activity in respiring cells thus appears to have a universal character. Addition of glucose or fructose to respiring BY4742 cells grown to low culture densities restores multidrug resistance pump activity due partly to pump synthesis in pre-existing cells and partly to the high pump activity of newly grown cells; no such pump activity boost occurs when the sugar is added to high-density cultures of ethanol-grown or post-diauxic glucose-grown cells, even if these cultures are diluted to low density by their original growth-depleted medium. A strong sugar-induced increase in pump activity is found solely if respiring cells from high-density cultures are resuspended in fresh YPD or YPE medium before sugar addition. Its absence in respiring cells suspended in growth-depleted medium reflects an as yet unidentified effect of the composition of the growth-exhausted medium (depletion of some components and/or accumulation of extracellular metabolites during yeast growth) on sugar-induced pump activity rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Malác
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Ke Karlovu 5, 12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Malác J, Sigler K, Gásková D. Glucose-induced MDR pump resynthesis in respiring yeast cells depends on nutrient level. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 337:138-41. [PMID: 16176804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2005] [Accepted: 09/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucose addition to a stationary culture of wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 cells with zero activity of MDR pumps resuspended in a fresh medium causes pump resynthesis (measured as pump-effected diS-C3(3) efflux). In a stationary culture in its original growth medium, this glucose-induced pump resynthesis fails to occur due to depletion of essential nutrients or to extracellular metabolites produced by cells during growth. Direct pump inactivation by metabolites is excluded since exponential cells with high MDR pump activity cultured in a medium with high concentration of extracellular metabolites retain this activity for at least 2 h. The metabolites also do not affect pump synthesis on the level of gene expression as addition of concentrated growth medium or an amino acid mixture to stationary cells in spent growth medium restores glucose-induced pump synthesis. The block of MDR pump synthesis is therefore due to the lack of essential nutrients in spent medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Malác
- Institute of Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Vitality and viability of pitching yeast: methods of assessment and the effect of cellular stress resistance systems. KVASNY PRUMYSL 2005. [DOI: 10.18832/kp2005001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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