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Geddie ML, Kirpotin DB, Kohli N, Kornaga T, Boll B, Razlog M, Drummond DC, Lugovskoy AA. Development of disulfide-stabilized Fabs for targeting of antibody-directed nanotherapeutics. MAbs 2022; 14:2083466. [PMID: 35708974 PMCID: PMC9225506 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2083466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-directed nanotherapeutics (ADNs) represent a promising delivery platform for selective delivery of an encapsulated drug payload to the site of disease that improves the therapeutic index. Although both single-chain Fv (scFv) and Fab antibody fragments have been used for targeting, no platform approach applicable to any target has emerged. scFv can suffer from intrinsic instability, and the Fabs are challenging to use due to native disulfide over-reduction and resulting impurities at the end of the conjugation process. This occurs because of the close proximity of the disulfide bond connecting the heavy and light chain to the free cysteine at the C-terminus, which is commonly used as the conjugation site. Here we show that by engineering an alternative heavy chain-light chain disulfide within the Fab, we can maintain efficient conjugation while eliminating the process impurities and retaining stability. We have demonstrated the utility of this technology for efficient ADN delivery and internalization for a series of targets, including EphA2, EGFR, and ErbB2. We expect that this technology will be broadly applicable for targeting of nanoparticle encapsulated payloads, including DNA, mRNA, and small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Geddie
- Discovery, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Research & Development, Diagonal Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dmitri B Kirpotin
- Discovery, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Research & Development, Akagera Medicines, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Neeraj Kohli
- Discovery, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tad Kornaga
- Discovery, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bjoern Boll
- Discovery, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Drug Product Design, ten23 Health, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maja Razlog
- Discovery, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Research, Verseau Therapeutics, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daryl C Drummond
- Discovery, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Research & Development, Akagera Medicines, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexey A Lugovskoy
- Discovery, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Research & Development, Diagonal Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Mohamed SMA, Wohlmann A, Schofield P, Sia KCS, McCalmont H, Savvides SN, Verstraete K, Kavallaris M, Christ D, Friedrich KH, Bayat N, Lock RB. A recombinant antibody fragment directed to the thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor (CRLF2) efficiently targets pediatric Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:214-223. [PMID: 34481852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Antibody fragments are promising building blocks for developing targeted therapeutics, thus improving treatment efficacy while minimising off-target toxicity. Despite recent advances in targeted therapeutics, patients with Philadelphia-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-like ALL), a high-risk malignancy, lack specific and effective targeted treatments. Cytokine receptor-like factor 2 (CRLF2) is overexpressed in 50% of Ph-like ALL cases, conferring the survival of leukemia blasts through activation of the JAK/STAT signalling pathway. Targeting such a vital cell-surface protein could result in potent anti-leukaemic efficacy and reduce the likelihood of relapse associated with antigen loss. Herein, we developed a novel single-chain variable fragment (scFv) against CRLF2 based on a monoclonal antibody raised against the recombinant extracellular domain of human TSLPRα chain. The scFv fragment demonstrated excellent binding affinity with CRLF2 protein in the nanomolar range. Cellular association studies in vitro using an inducible CRLF2 knockdown cell line and ex vivo using patient-derived xenografts revealed the selective association of the scFv with CRLF2. The fragment exhibited significant receptor antagonistic effects on STAT5 signalling, suggesting possible therapeutic implications in vivo. This study is the first to describe the potential use of a novel scFv for targeting Ph-like ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M A Mohamed
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.; University of New South Wales Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Andreas Wohlmann
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Schofield
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St.Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Keith C S Sia
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.; University of New South Wales Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Hannah McCalmont
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.; University of New South Wales Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.; University of New South Wales Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia; Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Christ
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St.Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Narges Bayat
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.; University of New South Wales Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard B Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.; University of New South Wales Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
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3
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Huang Y, Huang Y, He J, Wang H, Luo Y, Li Y, Liu J, Zhong L, Zhao Y. PEGylated immunoliposome-loaded endoglin single-chain antibody enhances anti-tumor capacity of porcine α1,3GT gene. Biomaterials 2019; 217:119231. [PMID: 31254933 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tumor could not be completely removed due to the absence of immune storm against tumor. The porcine α1,3 galactosyltransferase (α1,3 GT) induce the hyperacute rejection by synthesizing Galα1-3Galβ1-(3)4GlcNAc-R (αGal) on the surface of graft endothelial cells (ECs) during xeno-transplantation. This study aimed to develop anti-endoglin single-chain Fv fragments (ENG-scFv) conjugated PEGylated immunoliposomes (iLPs) to induce immune storm against tumor. Immune fluorescence was performed to detect the binding of ENG-scFv to human ENG, the endosomal/lysosomal escape of ENG-scFv-iLPs/α1,3 GT, and αGal expression in hENG-HEK293 cells. In vitro MTT assay was performed to measure ENG-scFv-iLPs/α1,3 GT cytotoxicity. NOD/SCID mouse born A549 tumor model was used to evaluate the therapeutic potency of ENG-scFv-iLPs/α1,3 GT. ENG-scFv-iLPs enabled efficient targeting delivery of α1,3 GT plasmid to ENG + tumors neovascular endothelial cells (TnECs), promoted endosomal/lysosomal escape due to the pH-sensitive ability, then synthesized carbohydrate epitope αGal on the surface of these cells to achieve the purpose of destroying the tumor. The mechanism of uptake for nanoparticles was energy driven, the clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the main endocytic pathway of the ENG-mAb-iLPs/α1,3 GT and lipid-raft-mediated of the ENG-scFv-iLPs/α1,3 GT, and macropinocytosis was also involved in intracellular entry. The inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and proliferation by ENG-scFv-iLPs/α1,3 GT was closely related to down-regulation of VEGF. Our findings establish an alternative therapeutic paradigm for scFv-conjugated nanoparticles to induce tumor cell apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth early. Such iLPs nanocarrier could efficiently release α1,3 GT to their distinct sites of action, where the endoglin + tumor neovascular endothelial cells (ENG + TnECs) exist, in a site-specific manner. Therefore, we believe that these scFv-targeted core-shell immunocomplexes are an important potential α1,3 GT delivery system for various solid tumor-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Huang
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yong Huang
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Jian He
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yiqun Luo
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
| | - Liping Zhong
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
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4
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Suzuki R, Omata D, Oda Y, Unga J, Negishi Y, Maruyama K. Cancer Therapy with Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Applications and Challenges of Liposome Technologies for Advanced Cancer Therapy. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3121-7_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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5
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Myers DE, Yiv S, Qazi S, Ma H, Cely I, Shahidzadeh A, Arellano M, Finestone E, Gaynon PS, Termuhlen A, Cheng J, Uckun FM. CD19-antigen specific nanoscale liposomal formulation of a SYK P-site inhibitor causes apoptotic destruction of human B-precursor leukemia cells. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 6:766-80. [PMID: 24910947 DOI: 10.1039/c4ib00095a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the anti-leukemic potency of a unique biotargeted nanoscale liposomal nanoparticle (LNP) formulation of the spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) P-site inhibitor C61. C61-loaded LNP were decorated with a murine CD19-specific monoclonal antibody directed against radiation-resistant CD19-receptor positive aggressive B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. The biotargeted C61-LNP were more potent than untargeted C61-LNP and consistently caused apoptosis in B-precursor ALL cells. The CD19-directed C61-LNP also destroyed B-precursor ALL xenograft cells and their leukemia-initiating in vivo clonogenic fraction. This unique nanostructural therapeutic modality targeting the SYK-dependent anti-apoptotic blast cell survival machinery shows promise for overcoming the clinical radiochemotherapy resistance of B-precursor ALL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea E Myers
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
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6
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Toporkiewicz M, Meissner J, Matusewicz L, Czogalla A, Sikorski AF. Toward a magic or imaginary bullet? Ligands for drug targeting to cancer cells: principles, hopes, and challenges. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:1399-414. [PMID: 25733832 PMCID: PMC4337502 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s74514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many problems directly correlated with the systemic administration of drugs and how they reach their target site. Targeting promises to be a hopeful strategy as an improved means of drug delivery, with reduced toxicity and minimal adverse side effects. Targeting exploits the high affinity of cell-surface-targeted ligands, either directly or as carriers for a drug, for specific retention and uptake by the targeted diseased cells. One of the most important parameters which should be taken into consideration in the selection of an appropriate ligand for targeting is the binding affinity (K D). In this review we focus on the importance of binding affinities of monoclonal antibodies, antibody derivatives, peptides, aptamers, DARPins, and small targeting molecules in the process of selection of the most suitable ligand for targeting of nanoparticles. In order to provide a critical comparison between these various options, we have also assessed each technology format across a range of parameters such as molecular size, immunogenicity, costs of production, clinical profiles, and examples of the level of selectivity and toxicity of each. Wherever possible, we have also assessed how incorporating such a targeted approach compares with, or is superior to, original treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Toporkiewicz
- Laboratory of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Justyna Meissner
- Laboratory of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Lucyna Matusewicz
- Laboratory of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksander Czogalla
- Laboratory of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksander F Sikorski
- Laboratory of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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7
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Uckun FM, Qazi S. Spleen tyrosine kinase as a molecular target for treatment of leukemias and lymphomas. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 10:1407-18. [DOI: 10.1586/era.10.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Uckun FM, Sun L, Qazi S, Ma H, Ozer Z. Recombinant human CD19-ligand protein as a potent anti-leukaemic agent. Br J Haematol 2011; 153:15-23. [PMID: 21323891 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08583.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We report the cloning and characterization of a novel 54-kDa high-mobility group (HMG)-box protein as the ligand for the human pan-B cell co-receptor CD19 (CD19-L), which interacts with the extracellular domain of CD19 in trans. CD19-L is the first CD19-specific recombinant human protein with potent anti-leukaemic activity against B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), the most common form of childhood cancer and the second most common form of acute leukaemia in adults. Soluble recombinant CD19-L protein exhibited exquisite specificity for the extracellular domain of CD19 and strong binding to the surface of B-lineage leukaemia/lymphoma cells. Engagement of CD19 co-receptor on B-lineage ALL cells with CD19-L perturbed the CD19-associated signalling network, altering the expression levels of multiple genes directly involved in regulation of apoptosis, and triggered rapid apoptotic cell death in a CD19-specific manner. The identification of human CD19-L may lead to therapeutic innovation for B-lineage ALL and other B-lineage lymphoid malignancies as well as B-cell lymphoproliferative states and systemic autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih M Uckun
- Institute for Pediatric Clinical Research, Children's Hospital, LA, CA, USA.
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9
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Buse J, El-Aneed A. Properties, engineering and applications of lipid-based nanoparticle drug-delivery systems: current research and advances. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 5:1237-60. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based drug-delivery systems have evolved from micro- to nano-scale, enhancing the efficacy and therapeutic applications of these delivery systems. Production of lipid-based pharmaceutical nanoparticles is categorized into top-down (fragmentation of particulate material to reduce its average total dimensions) and bottom-up (amalgamation of molecules through chemical interactions creating particles of greater size) production methods. Selection of the appropriate method depends on the physiochemical properties of individual entities within the nanoparticles. The production method also influences the type of nanoparticle formulations being produced. Liposomal formulations and solid-core micelles are the most widely utilized lipid-based nanoparticles, with surface modifications improving their therapeutic outcomes through the production of long-circulating, tissue-targeted and/or pH-sensitive nanoparticles. More recently, solid lipid nanoparticles have been engineered to reduce toxicity toward mammalian cells, while multifunctional lipid-based nanoparticles (i.e., hybrid lipid nanoparticles) have been formulated to simultaneously perform therapeutic and diagnostic functions. This article will discuss novel lipid-based drug-delivery systems, outlining the properties and applications of lipid-based nanoparticles alongside their methods of production. In addition, a comparison between generations of the lipid-based nano-formulations is examined, providing insight into the current directions of lipid-based nanoparticle drug-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Buse
- Drug Design & Discover Research Group, College of Pharmacy & Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N5C9, Canada
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10
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Cheng WW, Allen TM. The use of single chain Fv as targeting agents for immunoliposomes: an update on immunoliposomal drugs for cancer treatment. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:461-78. [PMID: 20331354 PMCID: PMC4006819 DOI: 10.1517/17425240903579963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Targeted liposomal drugs represent the next evolution of liposomal drug delivery in cancer treatment. In various preclinical cancer models, antibody-targeted PEGylated liposomal drugs have demonstrated superior therapeutic effects over their non-targeted counterparts. Single chain Fv (scFv) has gained popularity in recent years as the targeting agent of choice over traditional targeting agents such as monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and antibody fragments (e.g., Fab'). AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review is focused mainly on advances in scFv-targeted liposomal drug delivery for the treatment of cancers, based on a survey of the recent literature, and on experiments done in a murine model of human B-lymphoma, using anti-CD19 targeted liposomes targeted with whole mAb, Fab' fragments and scFv fragments. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN This review examines the recent advances in PEGylated immunoliposomal drug delivery, focusing on scFv fragments as targeting agents, in comparison with Fab' and mAb. TAKE HOME MESSAGE For clinical development, scFv are potentially preferred targeting agents for PEGylated liposomes over mAb and Fab', owing to factors such as decreased immunogenicity, and pharmacokinetics/biodistribution profiles that are similar to non-targeted PEGylated (Stealth) liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Cheng
- Centre for Drug Research & Development, 364-2259 Lower Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Abstract
The paradigm of using nanoparticulate pharmaceutical carriers has been well established over the past decade, both in pharmaceutical research and in the clinical setting. Drug carriers are expected to stay in the blood for long time, accumulate in pathological sites with affected and leaky vasculature (tumors, inflammations, and infarcted areas) via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, and facilitate targeted delivery of specific ligand-modified drugs and drug carriers into poorly accessible areas. Among various approaches to specifically target drug-loaded carrier systems to required pathological sites in the body, two seem to be most advanced--passive (EPR effect-mediated) targeting, based on the longevity of the pharmaceutical carrier in the blood and its accumulation in pathological sites with compromised vasculature, and active targeting, based on the attachment of specific ligands to the surface of pharmaceutical carriers to recognize and bind pathological cells. Here, we will consider and discuss these two targeting approaches using tumor targeting as an example.
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12
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Zhang J, Tang Y, Shen H, Qian B. Targeting and internalization of sterically stabilized liposome modified with ZCH-4-2E8. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 29:273-80. [PMID: 19513605 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-009-0302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sterically stabilized liposome (SL) modified with 2E8 monoclonal antibody (2E8-SL) was prepared in order to evaluate its targeting ability and internalization efficiency against tumor cells with high expression of CD19. 2E8 was coupled to the surface of SL using post-insertion technique. The shape of liposomes was observed under a transmission electronic microscope. The average size of liposomes was determined by using the Zetasizer instrument. The binding and internalization of 2E8-SL against tumor cells with higher expression of CD19 were tested by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The mean diameter of 2E8-SL was 121.25 nm. 2E8-SL was stable after up to 24 days in various buffers. 2E8-SL showed specific binding to tumor cells with high expression of CD19, including B cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). 2E8-SL could efficiently internalize into Nalm6 cells with CD19 high expression. It is suggested that 2E8-SL may serve as useful delivery carrier of anti-cancer drugs targeting to hematological malignant tumors with CD19 high expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Zhang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Children' Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Puri A, Loomis K, Smith B, Lee JH, Yavlovich A, Heldman E, Blumenthal R. Lipid-based nanoparticles as pharmaceutical drug carriers: from concepts to clinic. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2009; 26:523-80. [PMID: 20402623 PMCID: PMC2885142 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.v26.i6.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 542] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, various nanotechnology platforms in the area of medical biology, including both diagnostics and therapy, have gained remarkable attention. Moreover, research and development of engineered multifunctional nanoparticles as pharmaceutical drug carriers have spurred exponential growth in applications to medicine in the last decade. Design principles of these nanoparticles, including nanoemulsions, dendrimers, nano-gold, liposomes, drug-carrier conjugates, antibody-drug complexes, and magnetic nanoparticles, are primarily based on unique assemblies of synthetic, natural, or biological components, including but not limited to synthetic polymers, metal ions, oils, and lipids as their building blocks. However, the potential success of these particles in the clinic relies on consideration of important parameters such as nanoparticle fabrication strategies, their physical properties, drug loading efficiencies, drug release potential, and, most importantly, minimum toxicity of the carrier itself. Among these, lipid-based nanoparticles bear the advantage of being the least toxic for in vivo applications, and significant progress has been made in the area of DNA/RNA and drug delivery using lipid-based nanoassemblies. In this review, we will primarily focus on the recent advances and updates on lipid-based nanoparticles for their projected applications in drug delivery. We begin with a review of current activities in the field of liposomes (the so-called honorary nanoparticles), and challenging issues of targeting and triggering will be discussed in detail. We will further describe nanoparticles derived from a novel class of amphipathic lipids called bolaamphiphiles with unique lipid assembly features that have been recently examined as drug/DNA delivery vehicles. Finally, an overview of an emerging novel class of particles (based on lipid components other than phospholipids), solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers will be presented. We conclude with a few examples of clinically successful formulations of currently available lipid-based nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Puri
- Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Torchilin
- Northeastern University, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA ;
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15
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Cheng WW, Allen TM. Targeted delivery of anti-CD19 liposomal doxorubicin in B-cell lymphoma: A comparison of whole monoclonal antibody, Fab′ fragments and single chain Fv. J Control Release 2008; 126:50-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Revised: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 11/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Messerschmidt SKE, Kolbe A, Müller D, Knoll M, Pleiss J, Kontermann RE. Novel Single-Chain Fv′ Formats for the Generation of Immunoliposomes by Site-Directed Coupling. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 19:362-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bc700349k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia K. E. Messerschmidt
- Institut für Zellbiologie und Immunologie, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, and Institut für Technische Biochemie, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anke Kolbe
- Institut für Zellbiologie und Immunologie, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, and Institut für Technische Biochemie, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dafne Müller
- Institut für Zellbiologie und Immunologie, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, and Institut für Technische Biochemie, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Knoll
- Institut für Zellbiologie und Immunologie, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, and Institut für Technische Biochemie, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jürgen Pleiss
- Institut für Zellbiologie und Immunologie, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, and Institut für Technische Biochemie, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roland E. Kontermann
- Institut für Zellbiologie und Immunologie, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, and Institut für Technische Biochemie, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Weiss HM, Wirz B, Schweitzer A, Amstutz R, Rodriguez Perez MI, Andres H, Metz Y, Gardiner J, Seebach D. ADME Investigations of Unnatural Peptides: Distribution of a14C-Labeledβ3-Octaarginine in Rats. Chem Biodivers 2007; 4:1413-37. [PMID: 17638323 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200790121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The highly positively charged, cell-penetrating beta3-octaarginine has been prepared with a radioactive label by acetylation at the N-terminus with a doubly (14)C-labeled acetyl group ((14)CH3-(14)CO). With the radioactive compound, an ADME study (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion) was performed in male rats following an intravenous or oral dose of 1 mg/kg. Sampling was carried out after periods ranging from 5 min to 4 d or 7 d for blood/excretia and quantitative whole-body autoradioluminography (QWBA), respectively. After p.o. dosing, no systemic exposure to peptide-related radioactivity was observed, and the dose was completely excreted in the feces within 24 h suggesting the absence of relevant absorption; less than 3% of the i.v. dose was excreted from the animals within 4 d. Blood levels, after i.v. dosing, dropped within 4 d to less than 2% of Cmax and decreased afterwards only very slowly. No metabolites were observed in the systemic circulation. QWBA Data indicated that the distribution of the acetyl-beta-octaarginine-related radioactivity in the organs and tissues shifted over time. Notably, after 7 d, the highest concentration was measured in the lymph nodes, and the largest amount was found in the liver. A comparison with the results of two previous ADME investigations of beta-peptides (cf. Table 1) reveals that the distribution of the compounds within the animals is structure-dependent, and that there is a full range from oral availability with rather rapid excretion (of a tetrapeptide) to essentially complete lack of both oral absorption and excretion after i.v. administration (of a highly charged octapeptide). A discussion is presented about the in vivo stability and 'drug-ability' of peptides. In general, beta-peptides bearing proteinogenic side chains are compared with peptides consisting entirely of D-alpha-amino acid residues (the enantiomers of the 'natural' building blocks), and suggestions are made regarding a possible focus of future biomedical investigations with beta-peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Markus Weiss
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Pharma AG, Postfach, CH-4002 Basel
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