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Kramer M, Rodriguez-Heredia M, Saccon F, Mosebach L, Twachtmann M, Krieger-Liszkay A, Duffy C, Knell RJ, Finazzi G, Hanke GT. Regulation of photosynthetic electron flow on dark to light transition by ferredoxin:NADP(H) oxidoreductase interactions. eLife 2021; 10:56088. [PMID: 33685582 PMCID: PMC7984839 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
During photosynthesis, electron transport is necessary for carbon assimilation and must be regulated to minimize free radical damage. There is a longstanding controversy over the role of a critical enzyme in this process (ferredoxin:NADP(H) oxidoreductase, or FNR), and in particular its location within chloroplasts. Here we use immunogold labelling to prove that FNR previously assigned as soluble is in fact membrane associated. We combined this technique with a genetic approach in the model plant Arabidopsis to show that the distribution of this enzyme between different membrane regions depends on its interaction with specific tether proteins. We further demonstrate a correlation between the interaction of FNR with different proteins and the activity of alternative photosynthetic electron transport pathways. This supports a role for FNR location in regulating photosynthetic electron flow during the transition from dark to light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Kramer
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | | | - Francesco Saccon
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Mosebach
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Manuel Twachtmann
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Chris Duffy
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Knell
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat a` l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut National Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour le Vivant (iRTSV), CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Guy Thomas Hanke
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
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Grzyb J, Gieczewska K, Łabuz J, Sztatelman O. Detailed characterization of Synechocystis PCC 6803 ferredoxin:NADP + oxidoreductase interaction with model membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1860:281-291. [PMID: 29038021 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Direct interaction of ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase (FNR) with thylakoid membranes was postulated as a part of the cyclic electron flow mechanism. In vitro binding of FNR to digalactosyldiacylglycerol and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol membranes was also shown. In this paper we deal with the latter interaction in more detail describing the effect for two FNR forms of Synechocystis PCC 6803. The so-called short FNR (sFNR) is homologous to FNR from higher plant chloroplasts. The long FNR (lFNR) form contains an additional domain, responsible for the interaction with phycobilisomes. We compare the binding of both sFNR and lFNR forms to native and non-native lipids. We also include factors which could modulate this process: pH change, temperature change, presence of ferredoxin, NADP+ and NADPH and heavy metals. For the lFNR, we also include phycobilisomes as a modulating factor. The membrane binding is generally faster at lower pH. The sFNR was binding faster than lFNR. Ferredoxin isoforms with higher midpoint potential, as well as NADPH and NADP+, weakened the binding. Charged lipids and high phosphate promoted the binding. Heavy metal ions decreased the rate of membrane binding only when FNR was preincubated with them before injection beneath the monolayer. FNR binding was limited to surface lipid groups and did not influence hydrophobic chain packing. Taken together, FNR interaction with lipids appears to be non-specific, with an electrostatic component. This suggests that the direct FNR interaction with lipids is most likely not a factor in directing electron transfer, but should be taken into account during in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Grzyb
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot Curie 14a, PL-50383 Wroclaw, Poland; Laboratory of Biological Physics, Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Gieczewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, PL-02096 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie University, M. Sklodowska-Curie sq. 5, PL-20031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Łabuz
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, PL-30387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Olga Sztatelman
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, PL-02106 Warszawa, Poland
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Changes in membrane lipids and carotenoids during light acclimation in a marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. J Biosci 2012; 37:635-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-012-9234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Grzyb J, Gagoś M, Myśliwa-Kurdziel B, Bojko M, Gruszecki WI, Waloszek A, Strzałka K. Cadmium inhibitory action leads to changes in structure of ferredoxin:NADP(+) oxidoreductase. J Biol Phys 2012; 38:415-28. [PMID: 22912532 PMCID: PMC3388194 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-012-9262-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study deals with the influence of cadmium on the structure and function of ferredoxin:NADP(+) oxidoreductase (FNR), one of the key photosynthetic enzymes. We describe changes in the secondary and tertiary structure of the enzyme upon the action of metal ions using circular dichroism measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and fluorometry, both steady-state and time resolved. The decrease in FNR activity corresponds to a gentle unfolding of the protein, caused mostly by a nonspecific binding of metal ions to multiple sites all over the enzyme molecule. The final inhibition event is most probably related to a bond created between cadmium and cysteine in close proximity to the FNR active center. As a result, the flavin cofactor is released. The cadmium effect is compared to changes related to ionic strength and other ions known to interact with cysteine. The complete molecular mechanism of FNR inhibition by heavy metals is discussed.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10867-012-9262-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Grzyb
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Laboratory of Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, PAS, al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Gagoś
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Myśliwa-Kurdziel
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Bojko
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Waloszek
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Strzałka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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Photosynthetic electron partitioning between [FeFe]-hydrogenase and ferredoxin:NADP+-oxidoreductase (FNR) enzymes in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:9396-401. [PMID: 21606330 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1103659108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic water splitting, coupled to hydrogenase-catalyzed hydrogen production, is considered a promising clean, renewable source of energy. It is widely accepted that the oxygen sensitivity of hydrogen production, combined with competition between hydrogenases and NADPH-dependent carbon dioxide fixation are the main limitations for its commercialization. Here we provide evidence that, under the anaerobic conditions that support hydrogen production, there is a significant loss of photosynthetic electrons toward NADPH production in vitro. To elucidate the basis for competition, we bioengineered a ferredoxin-hydrogenase fusion and characterized hydrogen production kinetics in the presence of Fd, ferredoxin:NADP(+)-oxidoreductase (FNR), and NADP(+). Replacing the hydrogenase with a ferredoxin-hydrogenase fusion switched the bias of electron transfer from FNR to hydrogenase and resulted in an increased rate of hydrogen photoproduction. These results suggest a new direction for improvement of biohydrogen production and a means to further resolve the mechanisms that control partitioning of photosynthetic electron transport.
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Johnson GN. Reprint of: physiology of PSI cyclic electron transport in higher plants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1807:906-11. [PMID: 21620796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Having long been debated, it is only in the last few years that a concensus has emerged that the cyclic flow of electrons around Photosystem I plays an important and general role in the photosynthesis of higher plants. Two major pathways of cyclic flow have been identified, involving either a complex termed NDH or mediated via a pathway involving a protein PGR5 and two functions have been described-to generate ATP and to provide a pH gradient inducing non-photochemical quenching. The best evidence for the occurrence of the two pathways comes from measurements under stress conditions-high light, drought and extreme temperatures. In this review, the possible relative functions and importance of the two pathways is discussed as well as evidence as to how the flow through these pathways is regulated. Our growing knowledge of the proteins involved in cyclic electron flow will, in the future, enable us to understand better the occurrence and diversity of cyclic electron transport pathways. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Regulation of Electron Transport in Chloroplasts.
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Schultz ZD, Levin IW. Vibrational spectroscopy of biomembranes. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2011; 4:343-66. [PMID: 21456972 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061010-114048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational spectroscopy, commonly associated with IR absorption and Raman scattering, has provided a powerful approach for investigating interactions between biomolecules that make up cellular membranes. Because the IR and Raman signals arise from the intrinsic properties of these molecules, vibrational spectroscopy probes the delicate interactions that regulate biomembranes with minimal perturbation. Numerous innovative measurements, including nonlinear optical processes and confined bilayer assemblies, have provided new insights into membrane behavior. In this review, we highlight the use of vibrational spectroscopy to study lipid-lipid interactions. We also examine recent work in which vibrational measurements have been used to investigate the incorporation of peptides and proteins into lipid bilayers, and we discuss the interactions of small molecules and drugs with membrane structures. Emerging techniques and measurements on intact cellular membranes provide a prospective on the future of vibrational spectroscopic studies of biomembranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
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8
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Physiology of PSI cyclic electron transport in higher plants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1807:384-9. [PMID: 21118673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Having long been debated, it is only in the last few years that a concensus has emerged that the cyclic flow of electrons around Photosystem I plays an important and general role in the photosynthesis of higher plants. Two major pathways of cyclic flow have been identified, involving either a complex termed NDH or mediated via a pathway involving a protein PGR5 and two functions have been described-to generate ATP and to provide a pH gradient inducing non-photochemical quenching. The best evidence for the occurrence of the two pathways comes from measurements under stress conditions-high light, drought and extreme temperatures. In this review, the possible relative functions and importance of the two pathways is discussed as well as evidence as to how the flow through these pathways is regulated. Our growing knowledge of the proteins involved in cyclic electron flow will, in the future, enable us to understand better the occurrence and diversity of cyclic electron transport pathways. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Regulation of Electron Transport in Chloroplasts.
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Alte F, Stengel A, Benz JP, Petersen E, Soll J, Groll M, Bölter B. Ferredoxin:NADPH oxidoreductase is recruited to thylakoids by binding to a polyproline type II helix in a pH-dependent manner. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:19260-5. [PMID: 20974920 PMCID: PMC2984204 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1009124107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferredoxin:NADPH oxidoreductase (FNR) is a key enzyme of photosynthetic electron transport required for generation of reduction equivalents. Recently, two proteins were found to be involved in membrane-anchoring of FNR by specific interaction via a conserved Ser/Pro-rich motif: Tic62 and Trol. Our crystallographic study reveals that the FNR-binding motif, which forms a polyproline type II helix, induces self-assembly of two FNR monomers into a back-to-back dimer. Because binding occurs opposite to the FNR active sites, its activity is not affected by the interaction. Surface plasmon resonance analyses disclose a high affinity of FNR to the binding motif, which is strongly increased under acidic conditions. The pH of the chloroplast stroma changes dependent on the light conditions from neutral to slightly acidic in complete darkness or to alkaline at saturating light conditions. Recruiting of FNR to the thylakoids could therefore represent a regulatory mechanism to adapt FNR availability/activity to photosynthetic electron flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Alte
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany; and
| | - Anna Stengel
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department für Biologie I, Pflanzenbiochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - J. Philipp Benz
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department für Biologie I, Pflanzenbiochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Eike Petersen
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department für Biologie I, Pflanzenbiochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jürgen Soll
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department für Biologie I, Pflanzenbiochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michael Groll
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany; and
| | - Bettina Bölter
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department für Biologie I, Pflanzenbiochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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Benz JP, Lintala M, Soll J, Mulo P, Bölter B. A new concept for ferredoxin-NADP(H) oxidoreductase binding to plant thylakoids. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2010; 15:608-13. [PMID: 20851663 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
During the evolution of photosynthesis, regulatory circuits were established that allow the precise coupling of light-driven electron transfer chains with downstream processes such as carbon fixation. The ferredoxin (Fd):ferredoxin-NADP(+) oxidoreductase (FNR) couple is an important mediator for these processes because it provides the transition from exclusively membrane-bound light reactions to the mostly stromal metabolic pathways. Recent progress has allowed us to revisit how FNR is bound to thylakoids and to revaluate the current view that only membrane-bound FNR is active in photosynthetic reactions. We argue that the vast majority of thylakoid-bound FNR of higher plants is not necessary for photosynthesis. We furthermore propose that the correct distribution of FNR between stroma and thylakoids is used to efficiently regulate Fd-dependent electron partitioning in the chloroplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Philipp Benz
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CiPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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Chloroplast-targeted ferredoxin-NADP(+) oxidoreductase (FNR): structure, function and location. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1807:927-34. [PMID: 20934402 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ferredoxin-NADP(+) oxidoreductase (FNR) is a ubiquitous flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-binding enzyme encoded by a small nuclear gene family in higher plants. The chloroplast targeted FNR isoforms are known to be responsible for the final step of linear electron flow transferring electrons from ferredoxin to NADP(+), while the putative role of FNR in cyclic electron transfer has been under discussion for decades. FNR has been found from three distinct chloroplast compartments (i) at the thylakoid membrane, (ii) in the soluble stroma, and (iii) at chloroplast inner envelope. Recent in vivo studies have indicated that besides the membrane-bound FNR, also the soluble FNR is photosynthetically active. Two chloroplast proteins, Tic62 and TROL, were recently identified and shown to form high molecular weight protein complexes with FNR at the thylakoid membrane, and thus seem to act as the long-sought molecular anchors of FNR to the thylakoid membrane. Tic62-FNR complexes are not directly involved in photosynthetic reactions, but Tic62 protects FNR from inactivation during the dark periods. TROL-FNR complexes, however, have an impact on the photosynthetic performance of the plants. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Regulation of Electron Transport in Chloroplasts.
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