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Hossain KR, Turkewitz DR, Holt SA, Le Brun AP, Valenzuela SM. Sterol Structural Features' Impact on the Spontaneous Membrane Insertion of CLIC1 into Artificial Lipid Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:3286-3300. [PMID: 36821411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Background: A membrane protein interaction with lipids shows distinct specificity in terms of the sterol structure. The structure of the sterol's polar headgroup, steroidal rings, and aliphatic side chains have all been shown to influence protein membrane interactions, including the initial binding and subsequent oligomerization to form functional channels. Previous studies have provided some insights into the regulatory role that cholesterol plays in the spontaneous membrane insertion of the chloride intracellular ion channel protein, CLIC1. However, the manner in which cholesterol interacts with CLIC1 is yet largely unknown. Method: In this study, the CLIC1 interaction with different lipid:sterol monolayers was studied using the Langmuir trough and neutron reflectometry in order to investigate the structural features of cholesterol essential for the spontaneous membrane insertion of the CLIC1 protein. Molecular docking simulations were also performed to study the binding affinities between CLIC1 and the different sterol molecules. Results: This study, for the first time, highlights the vital role of the free sterol 3β-OH group as an essential structural requirement for the interaction of CLIC1 with cholesterol. Furthermore, the presence of additional hydroxyl groups, methylation of the sterol skeleton, and the structure of the sterol alkyl side chain have also been shown to modulate the magnitude of CLIC1 interaction with sterols and hence their spontaneous membrane insertion. This study also reports the ability of CLIC1 to interact with other naturally existing sterol molecules. General Significance: Like the sterol molecules, CLIC proteins are evolutionarily conserved with almost all vertebrates expressing six CLIC proteins (CLIC1-6), and CLIC-like proteins are also present in invertebrates and have also been reported in plants. This discovery of CLIC1 protein interaction with other natural sterols and the sterol structural requirements for CLIC membrane insertion provide key information to explore the feasibility of exploiting these properties for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khondker R Hossain
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Daniel R Turkewitz
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Stephen A Holt
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Anton P Le Brun
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Stella M Valenzuela
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Integrated Device for End-User Analysis at Low-Levels (IDEAL Hub), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, , Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
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2
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Crowley J, Withana M, Deplazes E. The interaction of steroids with phospholipid bilayers and membranes. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:163-179. [PMID: 35340606 PMCID: PMC8921366 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00918-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroids are critical for various physiological processes and used to treat inflammatory conditions. Steroids act by two distinct pathways. The genomic pathway is initiated by the steroid binding to nuclear receptors while the non-genomic pathway involves plasma membrane receptors. It has been proposed that steroids might also act in a more indirect mechanism by altering biophysical properties of membranes. Yet, little is known about the effect of steroids on membranes, and steroid-membrane interactions are complex and challenging to characterise. The focus of this review is to outline what is currently known about the interactions of steroids with phospholipid bilayers and illustrate the complexity of these systems using cortisone and progesterone as the main examples. The combined findings from current work demonstrate that the hydrophobicity and planarity of the steroid core does not provide a consensus for steroid-membrane interactions. Even small differences in the substituents on the steroid core can result in significant changes in steroid-membrane interactions. Furthermore, steroid-induced changes in phospholipid bilayer properties are often dependent on steroid concentration and lipid composition. This complexity means that currently there is insufficient information to establish a reliable structure-activity relationship to describe the effect of steroids on membrane properties. Future work should address the challenge of connecting the findings from studying the effect of steroids on phospholipid bilayers to cell membranes. Insights from steroid-membrane interactions will benefit our understanding of normal physiology and assist drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Crowley
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Minduli Withana
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Evelyne Deplazes
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007 Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
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3
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Sterols are required for the coordinated assembly of lipid droplets in developing seeds. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5598. [PMID: 34552075 PMCID: PMC8458542 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are intracellular organelles critical for energy storage and lipid metabolism. They are typically composed of an oil core coated by a monolayer of phospholipids and proteins such as oleosins. The mechanistic details of LD biogenesis remain poorly defined. However, emerging evidence suggest that their formation is a spatiotemporally regulated process, occurring at specific sites of the endoplasmic reticulum defined by a specific set of lipids and proteins. Here, we show that sterols are required for formation of oleosin-coated LDs in Arabidopsis. Analysis of sterol pathway mutants revealed that deficiency in several ∆5-sterols accounts for the phenotype. Importantly, mutants deficient in these sterols also display reduced LD number, increased LD size and reduced oil content in seeds. Collectively, our data reveal a role of sterols in coordinating the synthesis of oil and oleosins and their assembly into LDs, highlighting the importance of membrane lipids in regulating LD biogenesis. Lipid droplet biogenesis originates at the endoplasmic reticulum and is defined by a specific set of lipids and proteins. Here, the authors show that sterols play an important role in coordinating oil and oleosin biosynthesis for the formation of lipid droplets in plant leaves and seeds.
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4
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Influence of steroids on hydrogen bonds in membranes assessed by near infrared spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183553. [PMID: 33422482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The covalent OH bonds of water vibrate and absorb radiation in the near infrared (NIR) region at wavelengths that vary according to the strength of the bonds which, at the same time, are sensitive to the number and/or strength of hydrogen bonds. By means of multivariate analytical tools, such spectral shift was exploited to study the effect of temperature, 25-hydroxycholesterol and progesterone on the H-bonded network of water in DMPA membranes. Temperature was found as the dominating factor altering the NIR spectra of water and then the H-bonds. Increasing temperatures disrupt the H-bonds network, strengthening the OH covalent bonds. The disruption of the H-bonds along the 13-58 °C range was noticeably greater than that caused by lipids or steroids at 500 μM. The H-bonded network of the interfacial water in DMPA membranes was disrupted by the presence of 25-hydroxycholesterol, but no significant disruption was observed in the presence of progesterone. The reduction of the H-bonds entails a reduction in the aggregation of the interfacial water by a reduction in the number of H-bonded molecules. It is proposed that the number of water molecules bonded with two H-bonds diminishes and the number of molecules with no H-bond increases roughly at similar proportions, with a constant population of molecules with one H-bond. The opposed effects of steroids are discussed in the context of their opposed effects on the phase state of membranes, the membrane water content and the steroid molecular structure.
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5
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Lafontaine GMF, Fish NM, Connerton IF. In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Commercial Prebiotic GOS and FOS Products on Human Colonic Caco-2 Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051281. [PMID: 32366023 PMCID: PMC7282019 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prebiotic oligosaccharides are widely used as human and animal feed additives for their beneficial effects on the gut microbiota. However, there are limited data to assess the direct effect of such functional foods on the transcriptome of intestinal epithelial cells. The purpose of this study is to describe the differential transcriptomes and cellular pathways of colonic cells directly exposed to galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS). We have examined the differential gene expression of polarized Caco–2 cells treated with GOS or FOS products and their respective mock-treated cells using mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq). A total of 89 significant differentially expressed genes were identified between GOS and mock-treated groups. For FOS treatment, a reduced number of 12 significant genes were observed to be differentially expressed relative to the control group. KEGG and gene ontology functional analysis revealed that genes up-regulated in the presence of GOS were involved in digestion and absorption processes, fatty acids and steroids metabolism, potential antimicrobial proteins, energy-dependent and -independent transmembrane trafficking of solutes and amino acids. Using our data, we have established complementary non-prebiotic modes of action for these frequently used dietary fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine M. Flaujac Lafontaine
- Division of Microbiology, Brewing and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK;
| | - Neville M. Fish
- Saputo Dairy UK, Innovation Centre, Harper Adams University, Newport TF10 8NB, UK;
| | - Ian F. Connerton
- Division of Microbiology, Brewing and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK;
- Correspondence:
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6
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Biophysical methods: Complementary tools to study the influence of human steroid hormones on the liposome membrane properties. Biochimie 2018; 153:13-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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17β-Estradiol Directly Lowers Mitochondrial Membrane Microviscosity and Improves Bioenergetic Function in Skeletal Muscle. Cell Metab 2018; 27:167-179.e7. [PMID: 29103922 PMCID: PMC5762397 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Menopause results in a progressive decline in 17β-estradiol (E2) levels, increased adiposity, decreased insulin sensitivity, and a higher risk for type 2 diabetes. Estrogen therapies can help reverse these effects, but the mechanism(s) by which E2 modulates susceptibility to metabolic disease is not well understood. In young C57BL/6N mice, short-term ovariectomy decreased-whereas E2 therapy restored-mitochondrial respiratory function, cellular redox state (GSH/GSSG), and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. E2 was detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in mitochondrial membranes and varied according to whole-body E2 status independently of ERα. Loss of E2 increased mitochondrial membrane microviscosity and H2O2 emitting potential, whereas E2 administration in vivo and in vitro restored membrane E2 content, microviscosity, complex I and I + III activities, H2O2 emitting potential, and submaximal OXPHOS responsiveness. These findings demonstrate that E2 directly modulates membrane biophysical properties and bioenergetic function in mitochondria, offering a direct mechanism by which E2 status broadly influences energy homeostasis.
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8
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Kepczynski M, Róg T. Functionalized lipids and surfactants for specific applications. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:2362-2379. [PMID: 26946243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic lipids and surfactants that do not exist in biological systems have been used for the last few decades in both basic and applied science. The most notable applications for synthetic lipids and surfactants are drug delivery, gene transfection, as reporting molecules, and as support for structural lipid biology. In this review, we describe the potential of the synergistic combination of computational and experimental methodologies to study the behavior of synthetic lipids and surfactants embedded in lipid membranes and liposomes. We focused on select cases in which molecular dynamics simulations were used to complement experimental studies aiming to understand the structure and properties of new compounds at the atomistic level. We also describe cases in which molecular dynamics simulations were used to design new synthetic lipids and surfactants, as well as emerging fields for the application of these compounds. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biosimulations edited by Ilpo Vattulainen and Tomasz Róg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Kepczynski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, FI-33101, Tampere, Finland; Department of Physics, Helsinki University, P.O. Box 64, FI 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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9
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Nåbo LJ, List NH, Witzke S, Wüstner D, Khandelia H, Kongsted J. Design of new fluorescent cholesterol and ergosterol analogs: Insights from theory. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:2188-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Wenz JJ. Molecular properties of steroids involved in their effects on the biophysical state of membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:2448-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Róg T, Pöyry S, Vattulainen I. Building Synthetic Sterols Computationally - Unlocking the Secrets of Evolution? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:121. [PMID: 26347865 PMCID: PMC4543873 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is vital in regulating the physical properties of animal cell membranes. While it remains unclear what renders cholesterol so unique, it is known that other sterols are less capable in modulating membrane properties, and there are membrane proteins whose function is dependent on cholesterol. Practical applications of cholesterol include its use in liposomes in drug delivery and cosmetics, cholesterol-based detergents in membrane protein crystallography, its fluorescent analogs in studies of cholesterol transport in cells and tissues, etc. Clearly, in spite of their difficult synthesis, producing the synthetic analogs of cholesterol is of great commercial and scientific interest. In this article, we discuss how synthetic sterols non-existent in nature can be used to elucidate the roles of cholesterol’s structural elements. To this end, we discuss recent atomistic molecular dynamics simulation studies that have predicted new synthetic sterols with properties comparable to those of cholesterol. We also discuss more recent experimental studies that have vindicated these predictions. The paper highlights the strength of computational simulations in making predictions for synthetic biology, thereby guiding experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , Tampere , Finland
| | - Sanja Pöyry
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , Tampere , Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , Tampere , Finland ; MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
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12
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A DSC and FTIR spectroscopic study of the effects of the epimeric coprostan-3-ols and coprostan-3-one on the thermotropic phase behaviour and organization of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer membranes: Comparison with their 5-cholesten analogues. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 188:10-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Effect of Progesterone, Its Hydroxylated and Methylated Derivatives, and Dydrogesterone on Lipid Bilayer Membranes. J Membr Biol 2015; 248:811-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-015-9803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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A DSC and FTIR spectroscopic study of the effects of the epimeric cholestan-3-ols and cholestan-3-one on the thermotropic phase behavior and organization of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer membranes: Comparison with their 5-cholesten analogs. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 187:34-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Robalo JR, Ramalho JPP, Huster D, Loura LMS. Influence of the sterol aliphatic side chain on membrane properties: a molecular dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:22736-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03097h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol provides best hydrophobic matching, induces maximal membrane ordering, and displays highest preference for saturated phospholipid acyl chains, among a homologous ser ies of sterols with side chains of varying lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- João R. Robalo
- Centro de Química de Évora and Departamento de Química
- Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade de Évora
- P-7000-671 Évora
- Portugal
| | - J. P. Prates Ramalho
- Centro de Química de Évora and Departamento de Química
- Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade de Évora
- P-7000-671 Évora
- Portugal
| | - Daniel Huster
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics
- University of Leipzig
- D-04107 Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Luís M. S. Loura
- Centro de Química de Coimbra
- P-3004-535 Coimbra
- Portugal
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade de Coimbra
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16
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Róg T, Vattulainen I. Cholesterol, sphingolipids, and glycolipids: what do we know about their role in raft-like membranes? Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 184:82-104. [PMID: 25444976 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipids rafts are considered to be functional nanoscale membrane domains enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids, characteristic in particular of the external leaflet of cell membranes. Lipids, together with membrane-associated proteins, are therefore considered to form nanoscale units with potential specific functions. Although the understanding of the structure of rafts in living cells is quite limited, the possible functions of rafts are widely discussed in the literature, highlighting their importance in cellular functions. In this review, we discuss the understanding of rafts that has emerged based on recent atomistic and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation studies on the key lipid raft components, which include cholesterol, sphingolipids, glycolipids, and the proteins interacting with these classes of lipids. The simulation results are compared to experiments when possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland; MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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17
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Benesch MG, Lewis RN, Mannock DA, McElhaney RN. A DSC and FTIR spectroscopic study of the effects of the epimeric 4,6-cholestadien-3-ols and 4,6-cholestadien-3-one on the thermotropic phase behaviour and organization of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer membranes. Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 183:142-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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García-Beltrán O, Yañez O, Caballero J, Galdámez A, Mena N, Nuñez MT, Cassels BK. Synthesis of coumarin derivatives as fluorescent probes for membrane and cell dynamics studies. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 76:79-86. [PMID: 24576613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Three coumarin-derived fluorescent probes, 3-acetyl-7-[(6-bromohexyl)oxy]-2H-chromen-2-one (FM1), 7-[(6-bromohexyl)oxy]-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one (FM2) and ethyl 2-{7-[(6-bromohexyl)oxy]-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl}acetate (FM3), are described, with their photophysical constants. The compounds were tested in preliminary studies employing epifluorescence microscopy demonstrating that they allow the imaging of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell membranes. The structure of FM3 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to characterize the localization and interactions of the studied compounds with a lipid bilayer model of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpo García-Beltrán
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 Calle 67, Ibagué, Colombia.
| | - Osvaldo Yañez
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile
| | - Julio Caballero
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile
| | - Antonio Galdámez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Mena
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco T Nuñez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bruce K Cassels
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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19
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A DSC and FTIR spectroscopic study of the effects of the epimeric 4-cholesten-3-ols and 4-cholesten-3-one on the thermotropic phase behaviour and organization of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer membranes: Comparison with their 5-cholesten analogues. Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 177:71-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Song Y, Kenworthy AK, Sanders CR. Cholesterol as a co-solvent and a ligand for membrane proteins. Protein Sci 2013; 23:1-22. [PMID: 24155031 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
As of mid 2013 a Medline search on "cholesterol" yielded over 200,000 hits, reflecting the prominence of this lipid in numerous aspects of animal cell biology and physiology under conditions of health and disease. Aberrations in cholesterol homeostasis underlie both a number of rare genetic disorders and contribute to common sporadic and complex disorders including heart disease, stroke, type II diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. The corresponding author of this review and his lab stumbled only recently into the sprawling area of cholesterol research when they discovered that the amyloid precursor protein (APP) binds cholesterol, a topic covered by the Hans Neurath Award lecture at the 2013 Protein Society Meeting. Here, we first provide a brief overview of cholesterol-protein interactions and then offer our perspective on how and why binding of cholesterol to APP and its C99 domain (β-CTF) promotes the amyloidogenic pathway, which is closely related to the etiology of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanli Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Structural Biology and Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
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