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Tanaka R, Kafle A, Akamatsu M, Bhadani A, Sakai K, Kaise C, Kaneko T, Sakai H. Impact of Doping a Phytosteryl Sulfate on the Properties of Liposomes Made of Saturated and Unsaturated Phosphatidylcholines. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:1093-1101. [PMID: 34248096 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The size, dispersibility, and fluidity of DPPC (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), POPC (1-palmitoy-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), and DOPC (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) liposomes doped with β-sitosteryl sulfate (PSO4) were comparatively studied. In all three types of liposomes, PSO4 reduced sizes and enhanced the negative values of the ζ-potential. However, the effect on sizes quantitatively differed in the three cases in a manner dependent on their phase behaviors. PSO4 rigidified each type of membrane in its liquid crystalline phase and fluidized the gel phase. It enhanced the glucose trapping efficiency (TE) of both DPPC and DOPC liposomes. The TE of DPPC first increased with the increasing concentration of PSO4, then decreased gradually. On the other hand, in the case of DOPC, the TE increased significantly upon addition of PSO4, then remained nearly constant. Though the exact dependence of TE on the PSO4 concentration differed in the two cases, its effect, in each case, was more than the effect of β-sitosterol (POH). The ability of PSO4 for reducing the size and enhancing dispersibility and TE of liposomes can be useful for preparing cosmetics and pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Tanaka
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Ananda Kafle
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Masaaki Akamatsu
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Avinash Bhadani
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Kenichi Sakai
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science.,Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Chihiro Kaise
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science.,L. V. M. C. Inc
| | - Teruhisa Kaneko
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science.,L. V. M. C. Inc
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science.,Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
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2
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Regulating structural and mechanical properties of pectin reinforced liposomes at fluid/solid interface. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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3
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Jie F, Yang X, Wu L, Wang M, Lu B. Linking phytosterols and oxyphytosterols from food to brain health: origins, effects, and underlying mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:3613-3630. [PMID: 33397124 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1867819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phytosterols and their oxidation products, namely oxyphytosterols, are natural compounds present in plant foods. With increased intake of phytosterol-enriched functional food products, the exposure of both phytosterols and oxyphytosterols is rising. Over the past ten years, researches have been focused on their absorption and metabolism in human body, as well as their biological effects. More importantly, recent studies showed that phytosterols and oxyphytosterols can traverse the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in the brain. As brain health problems resulting from ageing being more serious, attenuating central nervous system (CNS) disorders with active compounds in food are becoming a hot topic. Phytosterols and oxyphytosterols have been shown to implicated in cognition altering and the pathologies of several CNS disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. We will overview these findings with a focus on the contents of phytosterols and oxyphytosterols in food and their dietary intake, as well as their origins in the brain, and illustrate molecular pathways through which they affect brain health, in terms of inflammation, cholesterol homeostasis, oxidative stress, and mitochondria function. The existing scientific gaps of phytosterols and oxyphytosterols to brain health in knowledge are also discussed, highlighting research directions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jie
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Lipeng Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
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Bin Sintang MD, Danthine S, Khalenkow D, Tavernier I, Tzompa Sosa DA, Julmohammad NB, Van de Walle D, Rimaux T, Skirtach A, Dewettinck K. Modulating the crystallization of phytosterols with monoglycerides in the binary mixture systems: mixing behavior and eutectic formation. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 230:104912. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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5
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Altunayar Unsalan C, Sahin I, Kazanci N. A concentration dependent spectroscopic study of binary mixtures of plant sterol stigmasterol and zwitterionic dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine multilamellar vesicles: An FTIR study. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.02.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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6
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Almeida PF, Carter FE, Kilgour KM, Raymonda MH, Tejada E. Heat Capacity of DPPC/Cholesterol Mixtures: Comparison of Single Bilayers with Multibilayers and Simulations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:9798-9809. [PMID: 30088940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The excess heat capacity (Δ C p) of mixtures of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and cholesterol (Chol) is examined in detail in large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs), both experimentally, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and theoretically, using a three-state Ising model. The model postulates that DPPC can access three conformational states: gel, liquid-disordered (Ld), and liquid-ordered (Lo). The Lo state, however, is only available if coupled with interaction with an adjacent Chol. Δ C p was calculated using Monte Carlo simulations on a lattice and compared to experiment. The DSC results in LUVs are compared with literature data on multilamellar vesicles (MLVs). The enthalpy change of the complete phase transition from gel to Ld is identical in LUVs and MLVs, and the melting temperatures ( Tm) are similar. However, the DSC curves in LUVs are significantly broader, and the maxima of Δ C p are accordingly smaller. The parameters in the Ising model were chosen to match the DSC curves in LUVs and the nearest-neighbor recognition (NNR) data. The model reproduces the NNR data very well. It also reproduces the phase transition in DPPC, the freezing point depression induced by Chol, and the broad component of Δ C p in DPPC/Chol LUVs. However, there is a sharp component, between 5 and 15 mol % Chol, that the model does not reproduce. The broad component of Δ C p becomes dominant as Chol concentration increases, indicating that it involves melting of the Lo phase. Because the simulations reproduce this component, the conclusions regarding the nature of the phase transition at high Chol concentrations and the structure of the Lo phase are important: there is no true phase separation in DPPC/Chol LUVs. There are large domains of gel and Lo phase coexisting below Tm of DPPC, but above Tm the three states of DPPC are mixed with Chol, although clusters persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo F Almeida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of North Carolina Wilmington , Wilmington , North Carolina 28403 , United States
| | - Faith E Carter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of North Carolina Wilmington , Wilmington , North Carolina 28403 , United States
| | - Katie M Kilgour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of North Carolina Wilmington , Wilmington , North Carolina 28403 , United States
| | - Matthew H Raymonda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of North Carolina Wilmington , Wilmington , North Carolina 28403 , United States
| | - Emmanuel Tejada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of North Carolina Wilmington , Wilmington , North Carolina 28403 , United States
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7
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Grosjean K, Der C, Robert F, Thomas D, Mongrand S, Simon-Plas F, Gerbeau-Pissot P. Interactions between lipids and proteins are critical for organization of plasma membrane-ordered domains in tobacco BY-2 cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3545-3557. [PMID: 29722895 PMCID: PMC6022670 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The laterally heterogeneous plant plasma membrane (PM) is organized into finely controlled specialized areas that include membrane-ordered domains. Recently, the spatial distribution of such domains within the PM has been identified as playing a key role in cell responses to environmental challenges. To examine membrane order at a local level, BY-2 tobacco suspension cell PMs were labelled with an environment-sensitive probe (di-4-ANEPPDHQ). Four experimental models were compared to identify mechanisms and cell components involved in short-term (1 h) maintenance of the ordered domain organization in steady-state cell PMs: modulation of the cytoskeleton or the cell wall integrity of tobacco BY-2 cells; and formation of giant vesicles using either a lipid mixture of tobacco BY-2 cell PMs or the original lipid and protein combinations of the tobacco BY-2 cell PM. Whilst inhibiting phosphorylation or disrupting either the cytoskeleton or the cell wall had no observable effects, we found that lipids and proteins significantly modified both the abundance and spatial distribution of ordered domains. This indicates the involvement of intrinsic membrane components in the local physical state of the plant PM. Our findings support a major role for the 'lipid raft' model, defined as the sterol-dependent ordered assemblies of specific lipids and proteins in plant PM organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Grosjean
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Christophe Der
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Franck Robert
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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8
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Tuorkey MJ. Effects of Moringa oleifera aqueous leaf extract in alloxan induced diabetic mice. Interv Med Appl Sci 2016; 8:109-117. [PMID: 28203392 DOI: 10.1556/1646.8.2016.3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a lack of knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms of the antidiabetic activity of Moringa oleifera. This study investigates the antidiabetic effect of M. oleifera and its impact on the immune tolerance. METHODS Alloxan-induced diabetes model for mice was used. A dose of 100 mg/kg of Moringa extract was orally administered to diabetic treated mice. Glucose and insulin levels were evaluated to calculate insulin resistance. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were measured. The relative percentage of CD44, CD69, and IFN-γ was investigated by flow cytometry. RESULTS In diabetic mice, insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was increased 4.5-fold than in the control group, and HOMA-IR was decreased 1.3-fold in the Moringa treatment group. The level of TAC was declined 1.94-fold in diabetic mice, and increased 1.67-fold in diabetic treated group. In diabetic mice, creatinine and BUN levels were significantly reduced 1.42- and 1.2-fold, respectively, in Moringa treatment mice. The relative percentage of CD44 was not changed in diabetic mice, but the relative percentage of CD69 was found to be increased. INF-γ was decreased 2.4-fold in diabetic mice and elevated in treated groups. CONCLUSION Moringa may ameliorate insulin resistance, increase TAC, and improve immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muobarak J Tuorkey
- Zoology Department, Division of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University , Damanhour, Egypt
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9
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Shaghaghi M, Chen MT, Hsueh YW, Zuckermann MJ, Thewalt JL. Effect of Sterol Structure on the Physical Properties of 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Membranes Determined Using (2)H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:7654-7663. [PMID: 27341069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a series of phytosterols on lipid chain ordering in 1-palmitoyl((2)H31)-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC-d31) multibilayer vesicles was examined by (2)H NMR spectroscopy at 25 °C. These results, along with existing data for other sterols, indicate that the ordering power of sterols in POPC-d31 depends on subtle aspects of sterol structure. Cholesterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC), campesterol, β-sitosterol, ergosterol, brassicasterol, and stigmasterol all increase the lipid chain order as sterol concentration is increased. However, saturation of the ordering occurs at different sterol concentrations for ergosterol (as previously reported), brassicasterol, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol. Here our interest lies in finding which part of the sterol structure is responsible for the observed saturation of the palmitoyl chain order as a function of sterol concentration. In particular, we propose that the saturation of the ordering of POPC-d31/brassicasterol and POPC-d31/stigmasterol membranes at quite low sterol concentrations is due to the presence of a double bond at C22. We also discuss how the structural differences between the sterols affect their ability to intercalate between the POPC acyl chains. Furthermore, the effective solubility of sterols in POPC is discussed in relation to the dependence of maximum POPC-d31 chain order vs sterol concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mei-Ting Chen
- Department of Physics, National Central University , Jung-Li 32001, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wei Hsueh
- Department of Physics, National Central University , Jung-Li 32001, Taiwan
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10
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Reddy ST, Shrivastava S, Mallesham K, Chattopadhyay A. Cholesterol-dependent thermotropic behavior and organization of neuronal membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:2611-2616. [PMID: 27453199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The composition of neuronal membranes is unique with diverse lipid composition due to evolutionary requirement. The organization and dynamics of neuronal membranes are crucial for efficient functioning of neuronal receptors. We have previously established hippocampal membranes as a convenient natural source for exploring lipid-protein interactions, and organization of neuronal receptors. Keeping in mind the pathophysiological role of neuronal cholesterol, in this work, we used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to explore thermotropic phase behavior and organization (thickness) of hippocampal membranes under conditions of varying cholesterol content. Our results show that the apparent phase transition temperature of hippocampal membranes displays characteristic linear dependence on membrane cholesterol content. These results are in contrast to earlier results with binary lipid mixtures containing cholesterol where phase transition temperature was found to be not significantly dependent on cholesterol concentration. Interestingly, SAXS data showed that hippocampal membrane thickness remained more or less invariant, irrespective of cholesterol content. We believe that these results constitute one of the early reports on the thermotropic phase behavior and organizational characterization of hippocampal membranes under varying cholesterol content. These results could have implications in the functioning of neuronal receptors in healthy and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thirupathi Reddy
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Sandeep Shrivastava
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - K Mallesham
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
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Wang J, Guo F, Yu M, Liu L, Tan F, Yan R, Li N. Rapamycin/DiR loaded lipid-polyaniline nanoparticles for dual-modal imaging guided enhanced photothermal and antiangiogenic combination therapy. J Control Release 2016; 237:23-34. [PMID: 27388755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Imaging-guided photothermal therapy (PTT) has promising application for treating tumors. Nevertheless, so far imaging-guided photothermal drug-delivery systems have been developed with limited success for tumor chemo-photothermal therapy. In this study, as the proof-of-concept, a stimuli-responsive tumor-targeting rapamycin/DiR loaded lipid-polyaniline nanoparticle (RDLPNP) for dual-modal imaging-guided enhanced PTT efficacy is reported for the first time. In this system, polyaniline (PANI) with π-π electronic conjugated system and effective photothermal efficiency is chosen as the appropriate model receptor of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and loaded cyanine probe (e.g., 1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide, DiR) acts as the donor of near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF). In addition, rapamycin (RAPA), which is used as the antiangiogenesis chemotherapeutic drug, can cutdown the tumor vessels and delay tumor growth obviously. After intravenous treatment of RDLPNPs into Hela tumor bearing mice, fluorescent (from DiR) and enhanced photoacoustic (from DLPNPs) signals were found in tumor site over time, which reached to peak at the 6h time point. After irradiating with an NIR laser, a good anti-tumor effect was observed owing to the enhanced photothermal and antiangiogenic effect of RDLPNPs. These results show that the multifunctional nanoparticle can be used as a promising imaging-guided photothermal drug delivery nanoplatform for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Fang Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Meng Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Fengping Tan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Ran Yan
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Nan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China.
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A calorimetric and spectroscopic comparison of the effects of cholesterol and its sulfur-containing analogs thiocholesterol and cholesterol sulfate on the thermotropic phase behavior and organization of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:168-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Benesch MGK, McElhaney RN. A comparative differential scanning calorimetry study of the effects of cholesterol and various oxysterols on the thermotropic phase behavior of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer membranes. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 195:21-33. [PMID: 26620814 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We have carried out a comparative differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) study of the effects of cholesterol (C) and the eight most physiologically relevant oxysterols on the thermotropic phase behavior of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayer membranes. The structures of these oxysterols differ from that of C by the presence of additional hydroxyl, keto or epoxy groups on the steroid ring system or by the presence of a hydroxyl group in the alkyl side chain. In general, the progressive incorporation of these oxysterols reduces the temperature, cooperativity and enthalpy of the pretransition of DPPC to a greater extent than C, indicating that their presence thermally destabilizes and disorders the gel states of DPPC bilayers to a greater extent than C. Similarly, the incorporation of these oxysterols either increases the temperature of the broad component of the main phase transition to a smaller extent than C or actually decreases it. Again, this indicates that the presence of these compounds is less effective at thermally stabilizing and ordering the sterol-rich domains of DPPC bilayers than is C itself. Moreover, the incorporation of these oxysterols decrease the cooperativity and enthalpy of the main phase transition of DPPC to a smaller extent than C, indicating that they are somewhat less miscible in fluid DPPC bilayers than is C. Particularly notable in this regard is 25-hydroxycholesterol, which exhibits a markedly reduced miscibility in both gel and fluid DPPC bilayers compared to C itself. In general, the effectiveness of these oxysterols in stabilizing and ordering DPPC bilayers decreases as their rate of interbilayer exchange and the polarity of the oxysterol increases. We close by providing a tentative molecular explanation for the results of our DSC studies and of those of previous biophysical studies of the effects of various oxysterol on lipid bilayer model membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G K Benesch
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Ronald N McElhaney
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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14
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Benesch MG, Lewis RN, McElhaney RN. A calorimetric and spectroscopic comparison of the effects of cholesterol and its immediate biosynthetic precursors 7-dehydrocholesterol and desmosterol on the thermotropic phase behavior and organization of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer membranes. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 191:123-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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