1
|
Palepšienė R, Muralidharan A, Maciulevičius M, Ruzgys P, Chopra S, Boukany PE, Šatkauskas S. New insights into the mechanism of electrotransfer of small nucleic acids. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 158:108696. [PMID: 38583283 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful and rapidly developing technology that enables precise silencing of genes of interest. However, the clinical development of RNAi is hampered by the limited cellular uptake and stability of the transferred molecules. Electroporation (EP) is an efficient and versatile technique for the transfer of both RNA and DNA. Although the mechanism of electrotransfer of small nucleic acids has been studied previously, too little is known about the potential effects of significantly larger pDNA on this process. Here we present a fundamental study of the mechanism of electrotransfer of oligonucleotides and siRNA that occur independently and simultaneously with pDNA by employing confocal fluorescence microscopy. In contrast to the conditional understanding of the mechanism, we have shown that the electrotransfer of oligonucleotides and siRNA is driven by both electrophoretic forces and diffusion after EP, followed by subsequent entry into the nucleus within 5 min after treatment. The study also revealed that the efficiency of siRNA electrotransfer decreases in response to an increase in pDNA concentration. Overall, the study provides new insights into the mechanism of electrotransfer of small nucleic acids which may have broader implications for the future application of RNAi-based strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rūta Palepšienė
- Research Institute of Natural Sciences and Technology, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto str. 10, Akademija, Kaunas district LT-53361, Lithuania.
| | - Aswin Muralidharan
- Department of Bionanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft, Netherlands; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft, Netherlands.
| | - Martynas Maciulevičius
- Research Institute of Natural Sciences and Technology, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto str. 10, Akademija, Kaunas district LT-53361, Lithuania.
| | - Paulius Ruzgys
- Research Institute of Natural Sciences and Technology, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto str. 10, Akademija, Kaunas district LT-53361, Lithuania.
| | - Sonam Chopra
- Research Institute of Natural Sciences and Technology, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto str. 10, Akademija, Kaunas district LT-53361, Lithuania.
| | - Pouyan E Boukany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft, Netherlands.
| | - Saulius Šatkauskas
- Research Institute of Natural Sciences and Technology, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto str. 10, Akademija, Kaunas district LT-53361, Lithuania.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Berdecka D, De Smedt SC, De Vos WH, Braeckmans K. Non-viral delivery of RNA for therapeutic T cell engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 208:115215. [PMID: 38401848 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell transfer has shown great success in treating blood cancers, resulting in a growing number of FDA-approved therapies using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells. However, the effectiveness of this treatment for solid tumors is still not satisfactory, emphasizing the need for improved T cell engineering strategies and combination approaches. Currently, CAR T cells are mainly manufactured using gammaretroviral and lentiviral vectors due to their high transduction efficiency. However, there are concerns about their safety, the high cost of producing them in compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP), regulatory obstacles, and limited cargo capacity, which limit the broader use of engineered T cell therapies. To overcome these limitations, researchers have explored non-viral approaches, such as membrane permeabilization and carrier-mediated methods, as more versatile and sustainable alternatives for next-generation T cell engineering. Non-viral delivery methods can be designed to transport a wide range of molecules, including RNA, which allows for more controlled and safe modulation of T cell phenotype and function. In this review, we provide an overview of non-viral RNA delivery in adoptive T cell therapy. We first define the different types of RNA therapeutics, highlighting recent advancements in manufacturing for their therapeutic use. We then discuss the challenges associated with achieving effective RNA delivery in T cells. Next, we provide an overview of current and emerging technologies for delivering RNA into T cells. Finally, we discuss ongoing preclinical and clinical studies involving RNA-modified T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Berdecka
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Winnok H De Vos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hogue J, Cusson P, Meunier M, Seletskiy DV, Reuter S. Sensitive detection of electric field-induced second harmonic signals. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:4601-4604. [PMID: 37656565 DOI: 10.1364/ol.492443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate sensitive electric field measurements by coherent homodyne amplification of the electric field induced second harmonic generation (E-FISH) technique. In the process of E-FISH, an applied electric field breaks the centrosymmetry of an otherwise homogeneous medium, in turn promoting the generation of the second harmonic frequency of an incident field. Due to weak third-order hyperpolarizability and the requirement of an applied field to break the symmetry, the E-FISH technique has been mainly used to study high fields, also requiring a strong optical field and sensitive detection. Here we superimpose the E-FISH signal with an auxiliary beam, also termed a local oscillator (LO), at double the incident frequency. Coherent superposition of the LO and the E-FISH output (LOE-FISH) allows for a homodyne amplification of the otherwise weak nonlinear signal. We have demonstrated an increase of signal-to-noise by a factor of seven, which results in a measurement time reduction of a factor of 49. This technique, LOE-FISH, has a number of advantages: detection with intensified detectors is not required. Furthermore, instead of millijoule pulsed lasers, we can work with microjoule pulsed lasers, which allows measuring at repetition rates of megahertz and opens single shot and real-time capability. The LOE-FISH technique increases in sensitivity at lower electric field values. Our work is a demonstration of the principle. Already with our first results from the demonstration, one can see the high potential of LOE-FISH.
Collapse
|
4
|
Chathoth NE, Nair AG, Anjukandi P. Multifaceted folding-unfolding landscape of the TrpZip2 β-hairpin and the role of external sub-piconewton mechanical tensions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:11093-11101. [PMID: 36938693 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05770k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteins can experience uneven tensions of the order of tens of piconewtons when exposed to different solvent environment due to the thermal motion of the solvent. It is also true that biomolecules, especially proteins, are subjected to a variety of mechanical tensions generated by several factors, including mechanically assisted translocation and pressure gradients within living systems. Here, we use metadynamics simulations to revisit the folding-unfolding of the TrpZip2 β-hairpin and redefine it from the perspective of an external force of a sub-piconewton magnitude acting on the ends of the hairpin. The chosen forces, while preserving the morphology of the β-hairpin chain when it is pulled, are capable of influencing the conformational behavior of the chain during folding and unfolding. Our investigations confirm that the TrpZip2 β-hairpin exhibits a zipper (zip-out) mechanism for folding-unfolding in both mechanically unbiased and biased (with a 30 pN end force) situations. However, it is important to note that they present marked differences in their folding and unfolding paths, with the mechanically biased system capable of becoming trapped in various intermediate states. Both unbiased and biased scenarios of the hairpin indicate that the hairpin turn is highly stable during the folding-unfolding event and initiates folding. More importantly we confirm that the existing heterogeneity in the TrpZip2 β-hairpin folding-unfolding is a consequence of the wide range of conformations observed, owing to the different trapped intermediates caused by the uneven forces it may experience in solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nayana Edavan Chathoth
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Palakkad-678557, Kerala, India.
| | - Aparna G Nair
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Palakkad-678557, Kerala, India.
| | - Padmesh Anjukandi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Palakkad-678557, Kerala, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lazaridis T. Molecular origins of asymmetric proton conduction in the influenza M2 channel. Biophys J 2023; 122:90-98. [PMID: 36403086 PMCID: PMC9822799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The M2 proton channel of influenza A is embedded into the viral envelope and allows acidification of the virion when the external pH is lowered. In contrast, no outward proton conductance is observed when the internal pH is lowered, although outward current is observed at positive voltage. Residues Trp41 and Asp44 are known to play a role in preventing pH-driven outward conductance, but the mechanism for this is unclear. We investigate this issue using classical molecular dynamics simulations with periodic proton hops. When all key His37 residues are neutral, inward proton movement is much more facile than outward movement if the His are allowed to shuttle the proton. The preference for inward movement increases further as the charge on the His37 increases. Analysis of the trajectories reveals three factors accounting for this asymmetry. First, in the outward direction, Asp44 traps the hydronium by strong electrostatic interactions. Secondly, Asp44 and Trp41 orient the hydronium with the protons pointing inward, hampering outward Grotthus hopping. As a result, the effective barrier is lower in the inward direction. Trp41 adds to the barrier by weakly H-bonding to potential H+ acceptors. Finally, for charged His, the H3O+ in the inner vestibule tends to get trapped at lipid-lined fenestrations of the cone-shaped channel. Simulations qualitatively reproduce the experimentally observed higher outward conductance of mutants. The ability of positive voltage, unlike proton gradient, to induce an outward current appears to arise from its ability to bias H3O+ and the waters around it toward more H-outward orientations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Themis Lazaridis
- Department of Chemistry, City College of New York/CUNY, New York, New York; Graduate Programs in Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Moderate electric field-assisted hydro-distillation of thyme essential oil: Characterization of microstructural changes. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
7
|
Wang F, Lin S, Yu Z, Wang Y, Zhang D, Cao C, Wang Z, Cui D, Chen D. Recent advances in microfluidic-based electroporation techniques for cell membranes. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2624-2646. [PMID: 35775630 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00122e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electroporation is a fundamental technique for applications in biotechnology. To date, the ongoing research on cell membrane electroporation has explored its mechanism, principles and potential applications. Therefore, in this review, we first discuss the primary electroporation mechanism to help establish a clear framework. Within the context of its principles, several critical terms are highlighted to present a better understanding of the theory of aqueous pores. Different degrees of electroporation can be used in different applications. Thus, we discuss the electric factors (shock strength, shock duration, and shock frequency) responsible for the degree of electroporation. In addition, finding an effective electroporation detection method is of great significance to optimize electroporation experiments. Accordingly, we summarize several primary electroporation detection methods in the following sections. Finally, given the development of micro- and nano-technology has greatly promoted the innovation of microfluidic-based electroporation devices, we also present the recent advances in microfluidic-based electroporation devices. Also, the challenges and outlook of the electroporation technique for cell membrane electroporation are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shujing Lin
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zixian Yu
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yanpu Wang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Electronic Materials and Devices (AEMD), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chengxi Cao
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Di Chen
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sarkar MK, Karal MAS, Levadny V, Belaya M, Ahmed M, Ahamed MK, Ahammed S. Effects of sugar concentration on the electroporation, size distribution and average size of charged giant unilamellar vesicles. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2022; 51:401-412. [PMID: 35716178 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-022-01607-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of sugar concentration on the electroporation, size distribution and average size of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). GUVs were prepared from 40 mol% of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (DOPG) and 60 mol% of 1, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) lipids. Pulsed electric field was applied to the 40%DOPG/60%DOPC-GUVs and it induced lateral electric tension (σc) in the membranes of vesicles. The σc-induced probability of rupture (Ppore) and the rate constant of rupture (kp) of GUVs under the sugar concentration, c = 40, 100 and 300 mM, were determined. Both the Ppore and kp increased with the increase of σc, but higher tension was required to generate the same values of Ppore and kp with increasing c. We also investigated average sizes of GUVs from the size distribution of vesicles under various sugar concentrations. With the increase of c, the peak of the size distribution histograms shifted to the region of smaller vesicles. The average size decreased 1.6-fold when c increased from 10 to 300 mM. These investigations help to understand various biomedical, biophysical, and biochemical processes in vesicles and cells. Electroporation, size distribution and average size of charged GUVs were investigated under various sugar concentrations. The sugar concentration influences the electroporation of vesicles and the average size of GUVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malay Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- Department of Arts and Sciences, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1208, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Victor Levadny
- Theoretical Problem Center of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117977, Russia
| | - Marina Belaya
- Department of Mathematics, Russian State University for the Humanities, GSP-3, Moscow, 125993, Russia
| | - Marzuk Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kabir Ahamed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Shareef Ahammed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Numerical study on the effect of capacitively coupled electrical stimulation on biological cells considering model uncertainties. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4744. [PMID: 35304501 PMCID: PMC8933463 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08279-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation of biological samples such as tissues and cell cultures attracts growing attention due to its capability of enhancing cell activity, proliferation, and differentiation. Eventually, a profound knowledge of the underlying mechanisms paves the way for innovative therapeutic devices. Capacitive coupling is one option of delivering electric fields to biological samples that has advantages regarding biocompatibility. However, its biological mechanism of interaction is not well understood. Experimental findings could be related to voltage-gated channels, which are triggered by changes of the transmembrane potential. Numerical simulations by the finite element method provide a possibility to estimate the transmembrane potential. Since a full resolution of the cell membrane within a macroscopic model would lead to prohibitively expensive models, we suggest the adaptation of an approximate finite element method. Starting from a basic 2.5D model, the chosen method is validated and applied to realistic experimental situations. To understand the influence of the dielectric properties on the modelling outcome, uncertainty quantification techniques are employed. A frequency-dependent influence of the uncertain dielectric properties of the cell membrane on the modelling outcome is revealed. This may have practical implications for future experimental studies. Our methodology can be easily adapted for computational studies relying on experimental data.
Collapse
|
10
|
Casillas-Popova S, Bernad-Bernad M, Gracia-Mora J. Modeling of adsorption and release kinetics of methotrexate from thermo/magnetic responsive CoFe2O4–BaTiO3, CoFe2O4–Bi4Ti3O12 and Fe3O4–BaTiO3 core-shell magnetoelectric nanoparticles functionalized with PNIPAm. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
11
|
Kasprzycka W, Trębińska-Stryjewska A, Lewandowski RB, Stępińska M, Osuchowska PN, Dobrzyńska M, Achour Y, Osuchowski ŁP, Starzyński J, Mierczyk Z, Trafny EA. Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field Only Transiently Affects the Cellular and Molecular Processes of Leydig Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011236. [PMID: 34681896 PMCID: PMC8541366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to verify whether the nanosecond pulsed electric field, not eliciting thermal effects, permanently changes the molecular processes and gene expression of Leydig TM3 cells. The cells were exposed to a moderate electric field (80 quasi-rectangular shape pulses, 60 ns pulse width, and an electric field of 14 kV/cm). The putative disturbances were recorded over 24 h. After exposure to the nanosecond pulsed electric field, a 19% increase in cell diameter, a loss of microvilli, and a 70% reduction in cell adhesion were observed. Some cells showed the nonapoptotic externalization of phosphatidylserine through the pores in the plasma membrane. The cell proportion in the subG1 phase increased by 8% at the expense of the S and G2/M phases, and the DNA was fragmented in a small proportion of the cells. The membrane mitochondrial potential and superoxide content decreased by 37% and 23%, respectively. Microarray’s transcriptome analysis demonstrated a negative transient effect on the expression of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, DNA repair, cell proliferation, and the overexpression of plasma membrane proteins. We conclude that nanosecond pulsed electric field affected the physiology and gene expression of TM3 cells transiently, with a noticeable heterogeneity of cellular responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Kasprzycka
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.T.-S.); (R.B.L.); (M.S.); (P.N.O.); (M.D.); (Ł.P.O.); (Z.M.)
| | - Alicja Trębińska-Stryjewska
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.T.-S.); (R.B.L.); (M.S.); (P.N.O.); (M.D.); (Ł.P.O.); (Z.M.)
| | - Rafał Bogdan Lewandowski
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.T.-S.); (R.B.L.); (M.S.); (P.N.O.); (M.D.); (Ł.P.O.); (Z.M.)
| | - Małgorzata Stępińska
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.T.-S.); (R.B.L.); (M.S.); (P.N.O.); (M.D.); (Ł.P.O.); (Z.M.)
| | - Paulina Natalia Osuchowska
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.T.-S.); (R.B.L.); (M.S.); (P.N.O.); (M.D.); (Ł.P.O.); (Z.M.)
| | - Monika Dobrzyńska
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.T.-S.); (R.B.L.); (M.S.); (P.N.O.); (M.D.); (Ł.P.O.); (Z.M.)
| | - Yahia Achour
- Faculty of Electronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (Y.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Łukasz Paweł Osuchowski
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.T.-S.); (R.B.L.); (M.S.); (P.N.O.); (M.D.); (Ł.P.O.); (Z.M.)
| | - Jacek Starzyński
- Faculty of Electronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (Y.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Zygmunt Mierczyk
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.T.-S.); (R.B.L.); (M.S.); (P.N.O.); (M.D.); (Ł.P.O.); (Z.M.)
| | - Elżbieta Anna Trafny
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.T.-S.); (R.B.L.); (M.S.); (P.N.O.); (M.D.); (Ł.P.O.); (Z.M.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Szlasa W, Kiełbik A, Szewczyk A, Novickij V, Tarek M, Łapińska Z, Saczko J, Kulbacka J, Rembiałkowska N. Atorvastatin Modulates the Efficacy of Electroporation and Calcium Electrochemotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011245. [PMID: 34681903 PMCID: PMC8539882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroporation is influenced by the features of the targeted cell membranes, e.g., the cholesterol content and the surface tension of the membrane. The latter is eventually affected by the organization of actin fibers. Atorvastatin is a statin known to influence both the cholesterol content and the organization of actin. This work analyzes the effects of the latter on the efficacy of electroporation of cancer cells. In addition, herein, electroporation was combined with calcium chloride (CaEP) to assess as well the effects of the statin on the efficacy of electrochemotherapy. Cholesterol-rich cell lines MDA-MB231, DU 145, and A375 underwent (1) 48 h preincubation or (2) direct treatment with 50 nM atorvastatin. We studied the impact of the statin on cholesterol and actin fiber organization and analyzed the cells’ membrane permeability. The viability of cells subjected to PEF (pulsed electric field) treatments and CaEP with 5 mM CaCl2 was examined. Finally, to assess the safety of the therapy, we analyzed the N-and E-cadherin localization using confocal laser microscopy. The results of our investigation revealed that depending on the cell line, atorvastatin preincubation decreases the total cholesterol in the steroidogenic cells and induces reorganization of actin nearby the cell membrane. Under low voltage PEFs, actin reorganization is responsible for the increase in the electroporation threshold. However, when subject to high voltage PEF, the lipid composition of the cell membrane becomes the regulatory factor. Namely, preincubation with atorvastatin reduces the cytotoxic effect of low voltage pulses and enhances the cytotoxicity and cellular changes induced by high voltage pulses. The study confirms that the surface tension regulates of membrane permeability under low voltage PEF treatment. Accordingly, to reduce the unfavorable effects of preincubation with atorvastatin, electroporation of steroidogenic cells should be performed at high voltage and combined with a calcium supply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Szlasa
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Aleksander Kiełbik
- Medical University Hospital, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (Z.Ł.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Anna Szewczyk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (Z.Ł.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-335 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Vitalij Novickij
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 03227 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Mounir Tarek
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Zofia Łapińska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (Z.Ł.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (Z.Ł.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (Z.Ł.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Nina Rembiałkowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (Z.Ł.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-717840692
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Karal MAS, Ahamed MK, Ahmed M, Mahbub ZB. Recent developments in the kinetics of ruptures of giant vesicles under constant tension. RSC Adv 2021; 11:29598-29619. [PMID: 35479542 PMCID: PMC9040846 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04647k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
External tension in membranes plays a vital role in numerous physiological and physicochemical phenomena. In this review, recent developments in the constant electric- and mechanical-tension-induced rupture of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are considered. We summarize the results relating to the kinetics of GUV rupture as a function of membrane surface charge, ions in the bathing solution, lipid composition, cholesterol content in the membrane, and osmotic pressure. The mechanical stability and line tension of the membrane under these conditions are discussed. The membrane tension due to osmotic pressure and the critical tension of rupture for various membrane compositions are also discussed. The results and their analysis provide a biophysical description of the kinetics of rupture, along with insight into biological processes. Future directions and possible developments in this research area are included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
| | - Md Kabir Ahamed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
| | - Marzuk Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
| | - Zaid Bin Mahbub
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North South University Dhaka-1229 Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wiczew D, Szulc N, Tarek M. Molecular dynamics simulations of the effects of lipid oxidation on the permeability of cell membranes. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 141:107869. [PMID: 34119820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The formation of transient pores in their membranes is a well-known mechanism of permeabilization of cells exposed to high-intensity electric pulses. However, the formation of such pores is not able to explain all aspects of the so-called electroporation phenomenon. In particular, the reasons for sustained permeability of cell membranes, persisting long after the pulses' application, remain elusive. The complete resealing of cell membranes takes indeed orders of magnitude longer than the time for electropore closure as reported from molecular dynamics (MD) investigations. Lipid peroxidation has been suggested as a possible mechanism to explain the sustainable permeability of cell membranes. However, theoretical investigations of membrane lesions containing excess amounts of hydroperoxides have shown that the conductivities of such lesions were not high enough to account for the experimental measurements. Here, expanding on these studies, we investigate quantitatively the permeability of cell membrane lesions that underwent secondary oxidation. MD simulations and free energy calculations of lipid bilayers show that such lesions provide a better model of post-pulse permeable and conductive electropermeabilized cells. These results are further discussed in the context of sonoporation and ferroptosis, respectively a procedure and a phenomenon, among others, in which, alike electroporation, substantial lipid oxidation might be triggered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wiczew
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Natalia Szulc
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Mounir Tarek
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Calin VL, Mihailescu M, Tarba N, Sandu AM, Scarlat E, Moisescu MG, Savopol T. Digital holographic microscopy evaluation of dynamic cell response to electroporation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:2519-2530. [PMID: 33996245 PMCID: PMC8086444 DOI: 10.1364/boe.421959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Phase-derived parameters and time autocorrelation functions were used to analyze the behavior of murine B16 cells exposed to different amplitudes of electroporation pulses. Cells were observed using an off-axis digital holographic microscope equipped with a fast camera. Series of quantitative phase images of cells were reconstructed and further processed using MATLAB codes. Projected area, dry mass density, and entropy proved to be predictors for permeabilized cells that swell or collapse. Autocorrelation functions of phase fluctuations in different regions of the cell showed a good correlation with the local effectiveness of permeabilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta L. Calin
- Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., Bucharest, 050474, Romania
- Excellence Center for Research in Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., Bucharest, 050474, Romania
| | - Mona Mihailescu
- Digital Holography Imaging and Processing Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, 060042, Romania
| | - Nicolae Tarba
- Physics Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Doctoral School of Automatic Control and Computers, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, 060042, Romania
| | - Ana Maria Sandu
- CAMPUS Research Center, Doctoral School of Electrical Engineering, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, 060042, Romania
| | - Eugen Scarlat
- Digital Holography Imaging and Processing Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, 060042, Romania
| | - Mihaela G. Moisescu
- Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., Bucharest, 050474, Romania
- Excellence Center for Research in Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., Bucharest, 050474, Romania
| | - Tudor Savopol
- Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., Bucharest, 050474, Romania
- Excellence Center for Research in Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., Bucharest, 050474, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dixit M, Lazaridis T. Free energy of hydrophilic and hydrophobic pores in lipid bilayers by free energy perturbation of a restraint. J Chem Phys 2021; 153:054101. [PMID: 32770888 DOI: 10.1063/5.0016682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The free energy of pore formation in lipid bilayers has been previously calculated using a variety of reaction coordinates. Here, we use free energy perturbation of a cylindrical lipid exclusion restraint to compute the free energy profile as a function of pore radius in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) bilayers. Additionally restraining the headgroups to lie on the membrane surface allows us to also calculate the free energy profile of hydrophobic pores, i.e., cylindrical pores lined by acyl chains. For certain pore radii, the free energy of wetting of hydrophobic pores is calculated using the density bias method. It is found that wetting of hydrophobic pores becomes thermodynamically favorable at 5.0 Å for DMPC and 6.5 Å for DOPC, although significant barriers prevent spontaneous wetting of the latter on a nanosecond time scale. The free energy of transformation of hydrophilic pores to hydrophobic ones is also calculated using free energy perturbation of headgroup restraints along the bilayer normal. This quantity, along with wetting and pore growth free energies, provides complete free energy profiles as a function of radius. Pore line tension values for the hydrophilic pores obtained from the slope of the free energy profiles are 37.6 pN for DMPC and 53.7 pN for DOPC. The free energy profiles for the hydrophobic pores are analyzed in terms of elementary interfacial tensions. It is found that a positive three-phase line tension is required to explain the results. The estimated value for this three-phase line tension (51.2 pN) lies within the expected range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, City College of New York, 160 Convent Ave., New York, New York 10031, USA
| | - Themis Lazaridis
- Department of Chemistry, City College of New York, 160 Convent Ave., New York, New York 10031, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Brooks J, Minnick G, Mukherjee P, Jaberi A, Chang L, Espinosa HD, Yang R. High Throughput and Highly Controllable Methods for In Vitro Intracellular Delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2004917. [PMID: 33241661 PMCID: PMC8729875 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In vitro and ex vivo intracellular delivery methods hold the key for releasing the full potential of tissue engineering, drug development, and many other applications. In recent years, there has been significant progress in the design and implementation of intracellular delivery systems capable of delivery at the same scale as viral transfection and bulk electroporation but offering fewer adverse outcomes. This review strives to examine a variety of methods for in vitro and ex vivo intracellular delivery such as flow-through microfluidics, engineered substrates, and automated probe-based systems from the perspective of throughput and control. Special attention is paid to a particularly promising method of electroporation using micro/nanochannel based porous substrates, which expose small patches of cell membrane to permeabilizing electric field. Porous substrate electroporation parameters discussed include system design, cells and cargos used, transfection efficiency and cell viability, and the electric field and its effects on molecular transport. The review concludes with discussion of potential new innovations which can arise from specific aspects of porous substrate-based electroporation platforms and high throughput, high control methods in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Brooks
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Grayson Minnick
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Prithvijit Mukherjee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Arian Jaberi
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Lingqian Chang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Horacio D. Espinosa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ruiguo Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kiełbik A, Szlasa W, Michel O, Szewczyk A, Tarek M, Saczko J, Kulbacka J. In Vitro Study of Calcium Microsecond Electroporation of Prostate Adenocarcinoma Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:E5406. [PMID: 33227916 PMCID: PMC7699241 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroporation, applied as a non-thermal ablation method has proven to be effective for focal prostate treatment. In this study, we performed pre-clinical research, which aims at exploring the specific impact of this so-called calcium electroporation on prostate cancer. First, in an in-vitro study of DU 145 cell lines, microsecond electroporation (μsEP) parameters were optimized. We determined hence the voltage that provides both high permeability and viability of these prostate cancer cells. Subsequently, we compared the effect of μsEP on cells' viability with and without calcium administration. For high-voltage pulses, the cell death's mechanism was evaluated using flow-cytometry and confocal laser microscopy. For lower-voltage pulses, the influence of electroporation on prostate cancer cell mobility was studied using scratch assays. Additionally, we applied calcium-binding fluorescence dye (Fluo-8) to observe the calcium uptake dynamic with the fluorescence microscopy. Moreover, the molecular dynamics simulation visualized the process of calcium ions inflow during μsEP. According to our results calcium electroporation significantly decreases the cells viability by promoting apoptosis. Furthermore, our data shows that the application of pulsed electric fields disassembles the actin cytoskeleton and influences the prostate cancer cells' mobility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Kiełbik
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.K.); (W.S.)
| | - Wojciech Szlasa
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.K.); (W.S.)
| | - Olga Michel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (O.M.); (A.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Anna Szewczyk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (O.M.); (A.S.); (J.S.)
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mounir Tarek
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (O.M.); (A.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (O.M.); (A.S.); (J.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kholina EG, Kovalenko IB, Bozdaganyan ME, Strakhovskaya MG, Orekhov PS. Cationic Antiseptics Facilitate Pore Formation in Model Bacterial Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:8593-8600. [PMID: 32896131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antiseptics are an essential line of defense against bacterial and viral infections in modern medical practice. Many of them are supposed to act on microbial membranes. However, the detailed mechanisms of their action are still elusive. Here, we utilized coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to investigate interactions of different types of cationic antiseptics (CAs) with a model bacterial membrane. The simulations revealed qualitatively distinct patterns of dynamic and structural alterations of membrane induced by different types of antiseptics although none of them caused disintegration or solubilization of the bilayer even at the highest explored concentration. At the same time, the adsorption of antiseptics rendered membranes more vulnerable to poration under exposure to the external electric field. We further discuss the possible relation of the enhanced pore formation induced by CAs to their cytotoxic action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E G Kholina
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - I B Kovalenko
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.,Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Astrakhan State University, Astrakhan 414056, Russia.,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - M E Bozdaganyan
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.,N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Moscow Polytechnic University, Moscow 107023, Russia
| | - M G Strakhovskaya
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.,Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow 115682, Russia
| | - P S Orekhov
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.,Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Massaro EK, Goswami I, Verbridge SS, von Spakovsky MR. Electro-chemo-mechanical model to investigate multi-pulse electric-field-driven integrin clustering. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 137:107638. [PMID: 33160180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of pulsed electric fields (PEFs) on transmembrane proteins is not fully understood; how do chemo-mechanical cues in the microenvironment mediate the electric field sensing by these proteins? To answer this key gap in knowledge, we have developed a kinetic Monte Carlo statistical model of the integrin proteins that integrates three components of the morphogenetic field (i.e., chemical, mechanical, and electrical cues). Specifically, the model incorporates the mechanical stiffness of the cell membrane, the ligand density of the extracellular environment, the glycocalyx stiffness, thermal Brownian motion, and electric field induced diffusion. The effects of both steady-state electric fields and transient PEF pulse trains on integrin clustering are studied. Our results reveal that electric-field-driven integrin clustering is mediated by membrane stiffness and ligand density. In addition, we explore the effects of PEF pulse-train parameters (amplitude, polarity, and pulse-width) on integrin clustering. In summary, we demonstrate a computational methodology to incorporate experimental data and simulate integrin clustering when exposed to PEFs for time-scales comparable to experiments (seconds-minutes). Thus, we propose a blueprint for understanding PEF/electric field effects on protein induced signaling and highlight key impediments to incorporating experimental values into computational models such as the kinetic Monte Carlo method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan K Massaro
- Center for Computational Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA
| | - Ishan Goswami
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Scott S Verbridge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Michael R von Spakovsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gajula K, Gupta R, Rai B. Multiscale Modeling of Skin Electroporation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:6651-6660. [PMID: 32475118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human skin, the largest external organ of the body, provides a selective barrier to therapeutics applied topically. The molecules having specific chemical and physical properties can only penetrate the deeper layer of the skin. However, the lag time for reaching a steady state in the deeper layer is generally of the order of hours. In order to deliver higher-molecular-weight, charged, and hydrophilic therapeutics in the deeper layer, the skin barrier must be breached. Electroporation is one of the methods used to breach the skin barrier for enhancement of drug permeation and reduction of lag time. However, the underlying mechanism responsible for the enhancement of drug permeation is not well understood. In this study, a multiscale model of skin electroporation is developed by connecting molecular phenomena to a macroscopic model. At the atomic scale, molecular dynamics simulations of the lipid matrix of the human stratum corneum (SC) were performed under the influence of an external electric field. The pores get formed during the electroporation process and the transport properties (diffusivity) of drug molecules are computed. The diffusion coefficient obtained during electroporation was found to be higher than passive diffusion. However, this alone could not explain the multifold increase in the drug flux on application of an electric field as observed in the experiments. Hence, a finite element method (FEM) model of the skin SC is also developed. The release of fentanyl through this model is compared with the available experimental results. Both experimental and simulated results of pore formation on application of an electric field and many folds' increase in drug flux are comparable. Once validated, the framework was used for the design of skin electroporation experiments (in silico) by changing the electric pulse parameters such as voltage, pulse duration, and number of pulses. This multiscale modeling framework provides valuable insight at the molecular and macroscopic levels to design the electroporation experiments. The framework can be utilized as a design tool for skin electroporation applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Gajula
- Physical Sciences Research Area, Tata Research Development and Design Centre, Tata Consultancy Services, 54 B, Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune 411013, India
| | - Rakesh Gupta
- Physical Sciences Research Area, Tata Research Development and Design Centre, Tata Consultancy Services, 54 B, Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune 411013, India
| | - Beena Rai
- Physical Sciences Research Area, Tata Research Development and Design Centre, Tata Consultancy Services, 54 B, Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune 411013, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tang J, Ma J, Guo L, Wang K, Yang Y, Bo W, Yang L, Jiang H, Wu Z, Zeng B, Gong Y. The Effect of KcsA Channel on Lipid Bilayer Electroporation Induced by Picosecond Pulse Trains. J Membr Biol 2020; 253:271-286. [PMID: 32405692 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-020-00123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins are the major component of plasma membranes, and they play crucial roles in all organisms. To understand the influence of the presence of KcsA channel on cell membrane electroporation induced by picosecond pulse trains (psPT), in this paper, the electroporation of KcsA membrane protein system and bare lipid bilayer system (POPC) with the applied psPT are simulated using molecular dynamics (MD) method. First, we find that the average pore formation time of the KcsA system is longer than the bare system with the applied psPT. In the KcsA system, water protrusions appear more slowly. Then, the system size effects of psPT in the MD simulations are investigated. When the system size decreases, the average pore formation time of small KcsA membrane protein system is shorter than the bare system with the applied psPT. It is found that the psPT makes the protein fluctuation of small system increase greatly; meanwhile the instability of protein disturbs the water and then affects the water protrusion appearance time. Furthermore, it shows that the protein fluctuation of constant electric field is smaller than that of psPT and no field, and protein fluctuation increases with the psPT repetition frequency increasing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Tang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,CNRS, UMR 7565, 54506, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Jialu Ma
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianghao Guo
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaicheng Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenfei Bo
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lixia Yang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Baoqing Zeng
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yubin Gong
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tang J, Ma J, Guo L, Wang K, Yang Y, Bo W, Yang L, Wang Z, Jiang H, Wu Z, Zeng B, Gong Y. Interpretation of the molecular mechanism of the electroporation induced by symmetrical bipolar picosecond pulse trains. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183213. [PMID: 32057755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Picosecond pulse trains (psPTs) are emerging as a new characteristic diagnostic and therapeutic tool in biomedical fields. To specifically determine the stimulus provided to cells, in this article, we use a molecular dynamics (MD) model to show the molecular mechanisms of electroporation induced by symmetrical bipolar psPTs and predict a bipolar cancellation for the studied picosecond pulses. Electric field conditions that do not cause electroporation reveal that the interfacial water molecules continuously flip and redirect as the applied bipolar psPT reverses, and the molecules cannot keep moving in one direction or leave the lipid-water interface. Based on our simulation results, we determine the threshold for electroporation with symmetrical bipolar psPTs. For a fixed electric field intensity, a lower repetition frequency leads to more rapid electroporation. For a fixed repetition frequency, a higher electric field intensity leads to more rapid electroporation. We found that the water dipole relaxation time decreases as the electric field magnitude increases. Additionally, the influences of the symmetrical bipolar psPT intensity and frequency on the pore formation time are presented. Discrete nanoscale pores can form with the applied psPT at terahertz (THz) repetition frequency. When the psPT amplitude increases or the frequency decreases, the number of water bridges will increase. Moreover, for the first time, the molecular mechanism of bipolar cancellation for the studied picosecond pulse is discussed preliminarily. Our results indicate that the influence of the unipolar picosecond pulse on the interfacial water dipoles will accumulate in one direction, but the bipolar picosecond pulse does not cause this effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Tang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; CNRS, UMR 7565, F-54506 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Jialu Ma
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lianghao Guo
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Kaicheng Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wenfei Bo
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lixia Yang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Zhao Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Baoqing Zeng
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yubin Gong
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yadav DK, Kumar S, Choi EH, Kim MH. Electric-field-induced electroporation and permeation of reactive oxygen species across a skin membrane. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:1343-1353. [PMID: 32072876 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1730972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electroporation processes affect the permeability of cell membranes, which can be utilized for the delivery of plasma species in cancer therapy. By means of computational dynamics, many aspects of membrane electroporation have been unveiled at the atomic level for lipid membranes. Herein, a molecular dynamics simulation study was performed on native and oxidized membrane systems with transversal electric fields. The simulation result shows that the applied electric field mainly affects the membrane properties so that electroporation takes place and these pores are lined by hydrophilic headgroups of the lipid components. The calculated hydrophobic thickness, lateral diffusion and pair correlation revealed the role of 5α-CH in creation of water-pore in an oxidized membrane. Additionally, the permeability of reactive oxygen species was examined through these electroporated systems. The permeability study suggested that water pores in the membrane facilitate the penetration of these species across the membrane to the interior of the cell. These findings may have significance in experimental applications in vivo as once the reactive oxygen species reaches the interior of the cell, they may cause oxidative stress and induce apoptosis.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea.,Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Surendra Kumar
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea.,Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center/PDP Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea.,Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zakhvataev VE. Dynamic structure factor of a lipid bilayer in the presence of a high electric field. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:234902. [PMID: 31864280 DOI: 10.1063/1.5123786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of a high average electric field (∼1 V/nm) in the hydrophobic interior of a bilayer lipid membrane on short-wavelength in-plane phononic motions of lipid chains is considered. The average electric field is assumed to be nearly constant on a picosecond time scale and a nanometer length scale. This field may be induced, for instance, by externally applied subnanosecond electric pulses or the membrane dipole potential. Using a generalized hydrodynamic approach, we derive a corresponding electrohydrodynamic model generalized to high wave numbers. In the considered approximation, all electric field effects are reduced only to a constant contribution to the generalized isothermal compressibility modulus. The corresponding dynamic structure factor for a lipid bilayer is derived. We show that due to polarization effects, the high field can critically impact the dynamics of longitudinal acousticlike modes at wave numbers near the major peak of the static structure factor. We estimate quantitatively that for typical lipid bilayers, transverse high electric fields can cause strong phonon energy softening, enhancement of phonon population, and formation of a gap in the dispersion of excitation frequency. The results obtained agree with simulations of the initiation of lipid bilayer electropores, suggesting that the proposed model reproduces the essential features of the field's impact on atomic density fluctuations. The proposed mechanism may have significant implications for the understanding of electroporation, passive molecular transport, and spontaneous pore formation in lipid bilayers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V E Zakhvataev
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036 Russia and Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041 Russia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abd Rahman NA, Abdul Jamil MM, Adon MN, Tengku Ibrahim TN. Pulse electric field effect on cancer cell properties: Reversible electroporation study. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS: CONFERENCE SERIES 2019; 1372:012063. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1372/1/012063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
27
|
Buchmann L, Mathys A. Perspective on Pulsed Electric Field Treatment in the Bio-based Industry. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:265. [PMID: 31681745 PMCID: PMC6805697 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The bio-based industry is urged to find solutions to meet the demands of a growing world population. In this context, increased resource efficiency is a major goal. Pulsed electric field (PEF) processing is a promising technological solution. Conventional PEF and the emerging area of nanosecond PEF (nsPEF) have been shown to induce various biological effects, with nsPEF inducing pronounced intracellular effects, which could provide solutions for currently faced challenges. Based on the flexibility and continuous operation of PEF and nsPEF processing, the technology can be integrated into many existing cultivation systems; its modularity provides an approach for inducing specific effects. Depending on the treatment conditions, selective inactivation, continuous extraction without impeding cell viability, as well as the stimulation of cell growth and/or cellular compound stimulation are potential applications in the bio-based industry. However, continuous treatment currently involves heterogeneous energy inputs. Increasing the homogeneity of PEF and nsPEF processing by considering the flow and electric field heterogeneity may allow for more targeted effects on biological cells, further increasing the potential of the technology for bio-based applications. We provide an overview of existing and potential applications of PEF and nsPEF and suggest that theoretical and practical analyses of flow and electric field heterogeneity may provide a basis for obtaining more targeted effects on biological cells and for further increasing the bio-based applications of the technology, which thereby could become a key technology for circular economy approaches in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Buchmann
- Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, IFNH, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Mathys
- Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, IFNH, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vaiwala R, Jadhav S, Thaokar R. Establishing an Electrostatics Paradigm for Membrane Electroporation in the Framework of Dissipative Particle Dynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:5737-5749. [PMID: 31430431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With an exclusive aim to looking into a mechanism of membrane electroporation on mesoscopic length and time scales, we report the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation results for systems with and without electrolytes. A polarizable DPD model of water is employed for accurate modeling of long-range electrostatics near the water-lipid interfaces. A great deal of discussion on field induced change in dipole moments of water and lipids together with the special variation of electric field is made in order to understand the dielectrophoretic movement of water, initiating a pore formation via an intrusion through the bilayer core. The presence of salt alters the dipolar arrangement of lipids and water, and thereby it reduces the external field required to create a pore in the membrane. The species fluxes through the pore, distributions for bead density, electrostatic potential, stresses across the membrane, etc. are used to answer some of the key questions pertaining to mechanism of electroporation. The findings are compared with the molecular dynamics simulation results found in the literature, and the comparison successfully establishes an electrostatics paradigm for biomembrane studies using DPD simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Vaiwala
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400 076 , India
| | - Sameer Jadhav
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400 076 , India
| | - Rochish Thaokar
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400 076 , India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Plasma for cancer treatment: How can RONS penetrate through the cell membrane? Answers from computer modeling. Front Chem Sci Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-018-1786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
30
|
Campana LG, Miklavčič D, Bertino G, Marconato R, Valpione S, Imarisio I, Dieci MV, Granziera E, Cemazar M, Alaibac M, Sersa G. Electrochemotherapy of superficial tumors - Current status:: Basic principles, operating procedures, shared indications, and emerging applications. Semin Oncol 2019; 46:173-191. [PMID: 31122761 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of superficial tumors with electrochemotherapy (ECT) has shown a steep rise over the past decade and indications range from skin cancers to locally advanced or metastatic neoplasms. Based on reversible electroporation, which is a physical method to achieve transient tumor cell membrane permeabilization by means of short electric pulses, ECT increases cellular uptake of bleomycin and cisplatin and their cytotoxicity by 8,000- and 80-fold, respectively. Standard operating procedures were established in 2006 and updated in 2018. Ease of administration, patient tolerability, efficacy across histotypes, and repeatability are peculiar advantages, which make standard ECT (ie, ECT using fixed-geometry electrodes) a reliable option for controlling superficial tumor growth locally and preventing their morbidity. Consolidated indications include superficial metastatic melanoma, breast cancer, head and neck skin tumors, nonmelanoma skin cancers, and Kaposi sarcoma. In well-selected patients with oropharyngeal cancers, ECT ensures appreciable symptom control. Emerging applications include skin metastases from visceral or hematological malignancies, vulvar cancer, and some noncancerous skin lesions (keloids and capillary vascular malformations). Repeatability and integration with other oncologic therapies allow for consolidation of response and sustained tumor control. In this review, we present the basic principles of ECT, recently updated operating procedures, anesthesiological management, and provide a synthesis of the efficacy of standard ECT across histotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca G Campana
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padua, Italy; Surgical Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy.
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Giulia Bertino
- Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Ilaria Imarisio
- Medical Oncology Unit, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Dieci
- Surgical Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Medical Oncology-2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Granziera
- Anesthesiology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mauro Alaibac
- Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Enkavi G, Javanainen M, Kulig W, Róg T, Vattulainen I. Multiscale Simulations of Biological Membranes: The Challenge To Understand Biological Phenomena in a Living Substance. Chem Rev 2019; 119:5607-5774. [PMID: 30859819 PMCID: PMC6727218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Biological
membranes are tricky to investigate. They are complex
in terms of molecular composition and structure, functional
over a wide range of time scales, and characterized
by nonequilibrium conditions. Because of all of these
features, simulations are a great technique to study biomembrane
behavior. A significant part of the functional processes
in biological membranes takes place at the molecular
level; thus computer simulations are the method of
choice to explore how their properties emerge from specific
molecular features and how the interplay among the numerous
molecules gives rise to function over spatial and
time scales larger than the molecular ones. In this
review, we focus on this broad theme. We discuss the current
state-of-the-art of biomembrane simulations that, until
now, have largely focused on a rather narrow picture
of the complexity of the membranes. Given this, we
also discuss the challenges that we should unravel in the
foreseeable future. Numerous features such as the actin-cytoskeleton
network, the glycocalyx network, and nonequilibrium
transport under ATP-driven conditions have so far
received very little attention; however, the potential
of simulations to solve them would be exceptionally high. A
major milestone for this research would be that one day
we could say that computer simulations genuinely research
biological membranes, not just lipid bilayers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giray Enkavi
- Department of Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Matti Javanainen
- Department of Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo naḿesti 542/2 , 16610 Prague , Czech Republic.,Computational Physics Laboratory , Tampere University , P.O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere , Finland
| | - Waldemar Kulig
- Department of Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland.,Computational Physics Laboratory , Tampere University , P.O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere , Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland.,Computational Physics Laboratory , Tampere University , P.O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere , Finland.,MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kotnik T, Rems L, Tarek M, Miklavčič D. Membrane Electroporation and Electropermeabilization: Mechanisms and Models. Annu Rev Biophys 2019; 48:63-91. [PMID: 30786231 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-052118-115451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of biological cells to high-voltage, short-duration electric pulses causes a transient increase in their plasma membrane permeability, allowing transmembrane transport of otherwise impermeant molecules. In recent years, large steps were made in the understanding of underlying events. Formation of aqueous pores in the lipid bilayer is now a widely recognized mechanism, but evidence is growing that changes to individual membrane lipids and proteins also contribute, substantiating the need for terminological distinction between electroporation and electropermeabilization. We first revisit experimental evidence for electrically induced membrane permeability, its correlation with transmembrane voltage, and continuum models of electropermeabilization that disregard the molecular-level structure and events. We then present insights from molecular-level modeling, particularly atomistic simulations that enhance understanding of pore formation, and evidence of chemical modifications of membrane lipids and functional modulation of membrane proteins affecting membrane permeability. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges to our full understanding of electroporation and electropermeabilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadej Kotnik
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; ,
| | - Lea Rems
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 17165 Solna, Sweden;
| | - Mounir Tarek
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; ,
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Buchmann L, Frey W, Gusbeth C, Ravaynia PS, Mathys A. Effect of nanosecond pulsed electric field treatment on cell proliferation of microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 271:402-408. [PMID: 30296747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Photoautotrophic microalgae based biorefinery concepts are currently not competitive compared to other established production systems. Therefore, innovative upstream processes need to be developed to increase the competitiveness of photoautotrophic microalgae biorefinery concepts. Abiotic sub-lethal stress induction via nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) treatment might be a viable process to increase the efficiency of photoautotrophic microalgae cultivation. In this work, an increased cell growth after nsPEF treatment was observable. Application of nsPEF to highly proliferating cells in a repetitive process resulted in a statistical significant increase in cell growth (p = 0.009). The effect was most pronounced after five days wherefore cellular structures and processes were analyzed to reveal a possible mechanism. Within this work, a protocol for increased cell proliferation with a possible mechanism was derived, which improves competitiveness of photoautotrophic microalgae biorefineries in the future. However, based on the derived mechanism, the results are also relevant for other microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Buchmann
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, IFNH, Sustainable Food Processing Laboratory, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology, IHM, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany.
| | - Christian Gusbeth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology, IHM, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany.
| | - Paolo S Ravaynia
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bio Engineering Laboratory, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel 4058, Switzerland.
| | - Alexander Mathys
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, IFNH, Sustainable Food Processing Laboratory, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lai PK, Kaznessis YN. Insights into Membrane Translocation of Protegrin Antimicrobial Peptides by Multistep Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:6056-6065. [PMID: 29978143 PMCID: PMC6026836 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Protegrin-1 (PG-1) is a cationic arginine-rich antimicrobial peptide. It is widely accepted that PG-1 induces membrane disruption by forming pores that lead to cell death. However, the insertion mechanism for these highly cationic peptides into the hydrophobic membrane environment is still poorly understood at the molecular scale. It has previously been determined that the association of arginine guanidinium and lipid phosphate groups results in strong bidentate bonds that stabilize peptide-lipid complexes. It has also been suggested that arginine residues are able to drag phosphate groups as they insert inside the membrane to form a toroidal pore. However, whether bidentate bonds play a significant role in inducing a pore formation remains unclear. To investigate the role of bidentate complexes in PG-1 translocation, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations. Two computational electroporation methods were implemented to examine the translocation process. We found that PG-1 could insert into the membrane, provided the external electric potential is large enough to first induce a water column or a pore within the lipid bilayer membrane. We also found that the highly charged PG-1 is capable in itself of inducing molecular electroporation. Substitution of arginines with charge-equivalent lysines showed a markedly reduced tendency for insertion. This indicates that the guanidinium group likely facilitates PG-1 translocation. Potential of mean force calculations suggests that peptide insertion inside the hydrophobic environment of the membrane core is not favored. We found that formation of a water column or a pore might be a prerequisite for PG-1 translocation. We also found that PG-1 can stabilize the pore after insertion. We suggest that PG-1 could be a pore inducer and stabilizer. This work sheds some light on PG-1 translocation mechanisms at the molecular level. Methods presented in this study may be extended to other arginine-rich antimicrobial and cell-penetrating peptides.
Collapse
|
35
|
Buchmann L, Böcker L, Frey W, Haberkorn I, Nyffeler M, Mathys A. Energy input assessment for nanosecond pulsed electric field processing and its application in a case study with Chlorella vulgaris. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
36
|
Babaeva NY, Naidis GV. Modeling of Plasmas for Biomedicine. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 36:603-614. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
37
|
Klug J, Triguero C, Del Pópolo MG, Tribello GA. Using Intrinsic Surfaces To Calculate the Free-Energy Change When Nanoparticles Adsorb on Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:6417-6422. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b03661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Klug
- Atomistic Simulation Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
- CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Padre Jorge Contreras 1300, CP5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Carles Triguero
- Atomistic Simulation Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Mario G. Del Pópolo
- Atomistic Simulation Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
- CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Padre Jorge Contreras 1300, CP5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Gareth A. Tribello
- Atomistic Simulation Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gupta R, Rai B. Electroporation of Skin Stratum Corneum Lipid Bilayer and Molecular Mechanism of Drug Transport: A Molecular Dynamics Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:5860-5870. [PMID: 29708340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The electroporation technique has been used significantly to increase drug permeation through the skin. This technique relies on the application of short-timed (microseconds to millisecond) electric fields (generally, order of 50--300 V) on the skin to create microscopic pores. However, the molecular mechanism of pore formation, resulting in an enhanced flux of active molecules through the skin, remains poorly understood. In this study, extensive atomistic molecular dynamics simulation of skin lipids [made up of ceramide (CER), cholesterol (CHOL), and free fatty acid (FFA)] has been performed at various external electric fields. We show for the first time the pore formation in the skin lipid bilayer during electroporation. We show the effect of the applied external electrical field (0.6-1.0 V/nm) on the pore formation dynamics in the lipid bilayer of different sizes (154, 616, and 2464 lipids) and compositions (CER/CHOL/FFA, 1:0:0, 1:0:1, 1:1:0, 1:1:1). The pore formation and resealing kinetics were different and were found to be highly dependent on the composition of the skin lipid bilayer. The pore formation time decreased with increase in the bilayer size. The pore sustaining electric field was found to be in the range of 0.20-0.25 V/nm for equimolar CER, CHOL, and FFA lipid bilayers. The skin lipid bilayer (1:1:1) sealed itself within 20 ns after the removal of the external electric field. We also present the molecular mechanism of enhancement of drug permeation in the presence of external field as compared to the passive diffusion. The molecular-level understanding obtained here could help in optimizing/designing the electroporation experiments for effective drug delivery. For a given skin composition and size of the drug molecule, the combination of pore formation time and pore growth model can be used to know a priori the desired electric field and time for the application of the electric field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Gupta
- Physical Science Research Area, Tata Research Development & Design Centre, TCS Innovation Labs , Pune 411013 , India
| | - Beena Rai
- Physical Science Research Area, Tata Research Development & Design Centre, TCS Innovation Labs , Pune 411013 , India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Atomistic Simulations of Electroporation of Model Cell Membranes. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY EMBRYOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY 2018; 227:1-15. [PMID: 28980037 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56895-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Electroporation is a phenomenon that modifies the fundamental function of the cell since it perturbs transiently or permanently the integrity of its membrane. Today, this technique is applied in fields ranging from biology and biotechnology to medicine, e.g., for drug and gene delivery into cells, tumor therapy, etc., in which it made it to preclinical and clinical treatments. Experimentally, due to the complexity and heterogeneity of cell membranes, it is difficult to provide a description of the electroporation phenomenon in terms of atomically resolved structural and dynamical processes, a prerequisite to optimize its use. Atomistic modeling in general and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in particular have proven to be an effective approach for providing such a level of detail. This chapter provides the reader with a comprehensive account of recent advances in using such a technique to complement conventional experimental approaches in characterizing several aspects of cell membranes electroporation.
Collapse
|
40
|
Batista Napotnik T, Miklavčič D. In vitro electroporation detection methods – An overview. Bioelectrochemistry 2018; 120:166-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
41
|
Merla C, Liberti M, Marracino P, Muscat A, Azan A, Apollonio F, Mir LM. A wide-band bio-chip for real-time optical detection of bioelectromagnetic interactions with cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5044. [PMID: 29568067 PMCID: PMC5864909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23301-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The analytical and numerical design, implementation, and experimental validation of a new grounded closed coplanar waveguide for wide-band electromagnetic exposures of cells and their optical detection in real-time is reported. The realized device fulfills high-quality requirements for novel bioelectromagnetic experiments, involving elevated temporal and spatial resolutions. Excellent performances in terms of matching bandwidth (less than -10 dB up to at least 3 GHz), emission (below 1 × 10-6 W/m2) and efficiency (around 1) have been obtained as revealed by both numerical simulations and experimental measurements. A low spatial electric field inhomogeneity (coefficient of variation of around 10 %) has been achieved within the cell solutions filling the polydimethylsiloxane reservoir of the conceived device. This original bio-chip based on the grounded closed coplanar waveguide concept opens new possibilities for the development of controlled experiments combining electromagnetic exposures and sophisticated imaging using optical spectroscopic techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Merla
- Laboratory of Vectorology and Anticancer Therapies, UMR 8203, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 114 rue E. Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France. .,National Italian Agency for New Technology Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Division of Health Protection Technologies, via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy.
| | - Micaela Liberti
- "Sapienza" University of Rome, Department of Information Engineering Electronics and Telecommunications, via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Marracino
- "Sapienza" University of Rome, Department of Information Engineering Electronics and Telecommunications, via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Adeline Muscat
- Laboratory of Vectorology and Anticancer Therapies, UMR 8203, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 114 rue E. Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Antoine Azan
- Laboratory of Vectorology and Anticancer Therapies, UMR 8203, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 114 rue E. Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Francesca Apollonio
- "Sapienza" University of Rome, Department of Information Engineering Electronics and Telecommunications, via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Lluis M Mir
- Laboratory of Vectorology and Anticancer Therapies, UMR 8203, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 114 rue E. Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Damage-free peripheral nerve stimulation by 12-ns pulsed electric field. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10453. [PMID: 28874684 PMCID: PMC5585227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern technologies enable deep tissue focusing of nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) for non-invasive nerve and muscle stimulation. However, it is not known if PEF orders of magnitude shorter than the activation time of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) would evoke action potentials (APs). One plausible scenario requires the loss of membrane integrity (electroporation) and resulting depolarization as an intermediate step. We report, for the first time, that the excitation of a peripheral nerve can be accomplished by 12-ns PEF without electroporation. 12-ns stimuli at 4.1-11 kV (3.3-8.8 kV/cm) evoked APs similarly to conventional stimuli (100-250 μs, 1-5 V, 103-515 V/m), except for having higher selectivity for the faster nerve fibers. Nerves sustained repeated tetanic stimulations (50 Hz or 100 Hz for 1 min) alternately by 12-ns PEF and by conventional pulses. Such tetani caused a modest AP decrease, to a similar extent for both types of stimuli. Nerve refractory properties were not affected. The lack of cumulative damages even from tens of thousands of 12-ns stimuli and the similarities with the conventional stimulation prove VGSC activation by nsPEF without nerve membrane damage.
Collapse
|
43
|
Mahboubi M, Movahed S, Hosseini Abardeh R, Hoshyargar V. Theoretical Study of Molecular Transport Through a Permeabilized Cell Membrane in a Microchannel. J Membr Biol 2017; 250:285-299. [PMID: 28456838 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-017-9961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A two-dimensional model is developed to study the molecular transport into an immersed cell in a microchannel and to investigate the effects of finite boundary (a cell is suspended in a microchannel), amplitude of electric pulse, and geometrical parameter (microchannel height and size of electrodes) on cell uptake. Embedded electrodes on the walls of the microchannel generate the required electric pulse to permeabilize the cell membrane, pass the ions through the membrane, and transport them into the cell. The shape of electric pulses is square with the time span of 6 ms; their intensities are in the range of 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 3 V. Numerical simulations have been performed to comprehensively investigate the molecular uptake into the cell. The obtained results of the current study demonstrate that calcium ions enter the cell from the anodic side (the side near positive electrode); after a while, the cell faces depletion of the calcium ions on a positive electrode-facing side within the microchannel; the duration of depletion depends on the amplitude of electric pulse and geometry that lasts from microseconds to milliseconds. By keeping geometrical parameters and time span constant, increment of a pulse intensity enhances molecular uptake and rate of propagation inside the cell. If a ratio of electrode size to cell diameter is larger than 1, the transported amount of Ca 2+ into the cell, as well as the rate of propagation, will be significantly increased. By increasing the height of the microchannel, the rate of uptake is decreased. In an infinite domain, the peak concentration becomes constant after reaching the maximum value; this value depends on the intra-extracellular conductivity and diffusion coefficient of interior and exterior domains of the cell. In comparison, the maximum concentration is changed by geometrical parameters in the microchannel. After reaching the maximum value, the peak concentration reduces due to the depletion of Ca 2+ ions within the microchannel. Electrophoretic velocity has a significant effect on the cell uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Mahboubi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), 424 Hafez Avenue, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Saeid Movahed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), 424 Hafez Avenue, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran.
| | - Reza Hosseini Abardeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), 424 Hafez Avenue, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Vahid Hoshyargar
- Research Lab for Advanced Separation Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Neuronal excitation and permeabilization by 200-ns pulsed electric field: An optical membrane potential study with FluoVolt dye. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1273-1281. [PMID: 28432032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Electric field pulses of nano- and picosecond duration are a novel modality for neurostimulation, activation of Ca2+ signaling, and tissue ablation. However it is not known how such brief pulses activate voltage-gated ion channels. We studied excitation and electroporation of hippocampal neurons by 200-ns pulsed electric field (nsPEF), by means of time-lapse imaging of the optical membrane potential (OMP) with FluoVolt dye. Electroporation abruptly shifted OMP to a more depolarized level, which was reached within <1ms. The OMP recovery started rapidly (τ=8-12ms) but gradually slowed down (to τ>10s), so cells remained above the resting OMP level for at least 20-30s. Activation of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) enhanced the depolarizing effect of electroporation, resulting in an additional tetrodotoxin-sensitive OMP peak in 4-5ms after nsPEF. Omitting Ca2+ in the extracellular solution did not reduce the depolarization, suggesting no contribution of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC). In 40% of neurons, nsPEF triggered a single action potential (AP), with the median threshold of 3kV/cm (range: 1.9-4kV/cm); no APs could be evoked by stimuli below the electroporation threshold (1.5-1.9kV/cm). VGSC opening could already be detected in 0.5ms after nsPEF, which is too fast to be mediated by the depolarizing effect of electroporation. The overlap of electroporation and AP thresholds does not necessarily reflect the causal relation, but suggests a low potency of nsPEF, as compared to conventional electrostimulation, for VGSC activation and AP induction.
Collapse
|
45
|
Yusupov M, Van der Paal J, Neyts E, Bogaerts A. Synergistic effect of electric field and lipid oxidation on the permeability of cell membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:839-847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
46
|
Technological and Theoretical Aspects for Testing Electroporation on Liposomes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5092704. [PMID: 28393078 PMCID: PMC5368396 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5092704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the use of nanometer liposomes as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems mediated by nanoelectroporation has been proposed. This technique takes advantage of the possibility of simultaneously electroporating liposomes and cell membrane with 10-nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) facilitating the release of the drug from the liposomes and at the same time its uptake by the cells. In this paper the design and characterization of a 10 nsPEF exposure system is presented, for liposomes electroporation purposes. The design and the characterization of the applicator have been carried out choosing an electroporation cuvette with 1 mm gap between the electrodes. The structure efficiency has been evaluated at different experimental conditions by changing the solution conductivity from 0.25 to 1.6 S/m. With the aim to analyze the influence of device performances on the liposomes electroporation, microdosimetric simulations have been performed considering liposomes of 200 and 400 nm of dimension with different inner and outer conductivity (from 0.05 to 1.6 S/m) in order to identify the voltage needed for their poration.
Collapse
|
47
|
Rems L. Applicative Use of Electroporation Models. ADVANCES IN BIOMEMBRANES AND LIPID SELF-ASSEMBLY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.abl.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
48
|
Vattulainen I, Róg T. Lipid membranes: Theory and simulations bridged to experiments. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:2251-2253. [PMID: 27316372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 64, FI-00014, Finland; MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 64, FI-00014, Finland
| |
Collapse
|