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Giri RP, Chowdhury S, Mukhopadhyay MK, Chakrabarti A, Sanyal MK. Ganglioside GM1 Drives Hemin and Protoporphyrin Adsorption in Phospholipid Membranes: A Structural Study. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:2745-2754. [PMID: 38447189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c08239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Monosialoganglioside (GM1), a ubiquitous component of lipid rafts, and hemin, an integral part of heme proteins such as hemoglobin, are essential to the cell membranes of brain neurons and erythrocyte red blood cells for regulating cellular communication and oxygen transport. Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) and its derivative hemin, on the contrary, show significant cytotoxic effects when in excess causing hematological diseases, such as thalassemia, anemia, malaria, and neurodegeneration. However, the in-depth molecular etiology of their interactions with the cell membrane has so far been poorly understood. Herein, the structure of the polymer cushion-supported lipid bilayer (SLB) of the binary mixture of phospholipid and GM1 in the presence of PPIX and its derivative hemin has been investigated to predict the molecular interactions in model phospholipid membranes. A high-resolution synchrotron-based X-ray scattering technique has been employed to explore the out-of-plane structure of the assembly at different compositions and concentrations. The structural changes have been complemented with the isobaric changes in the mean molecular area obtained from the Langmuir monolayer isotherm to predict the additive-induced membrane condensation and fluidization. PPIX-induced fluidization of phospholipid SLB without GM1 was witnessed, which was reversed to condensation with 2-fold higher structural changes in the presence of GM1. A hemin concentration-dependent linear condensing effect was observed in the pristine SLB. The effect was significantly reduced, and the linearity was observed to be lost in the mixed SLB containing GM1. Our study shows that GM1 alters the interaction of hemin and PPIX with the membrane, which could be explained with the aid of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Our study indicates favorable and unfavorable interactions of GM1 with PPIX and hemin, respectively, in the membrane. The observed structural changes in both SLB and the underlying polymer cushion layer lead to the proposal of a molecule-specific interaction model that can benefit the pharmaceutical industries specialized for drug designing. Our study potentially enriches our fundamental biophysical understanding of neurodegenerative diseases and drug-membrane interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra P Giri
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India
| | - Subhadip Chowdhury
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India
| | - Mrinmay K Mukhopadhyay
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India
| | - Abhijit Chakrabarti
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India
- School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational & Research Institute, Narendrapur, Kolkata 700103, India
| | - Milan K Sanyal
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India
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Guo Z. Ganglioside GM1 and the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119558. [PMID: 37298512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
GM1 is one of the major glycosphingolipids (GSLs) on the cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS). Its expression level, distribution pattern, and lipid composition are dependent upon cell and tissue type, developmental stage, and disease state, which suggests a potentially broad spectrum of functions of GM1 in various neurological and neuropathological processes. The major focus of this review is the roles that GM1 plays in the development and activities of brains, such as cell differentiation, neuritogenesis, neuroregeneration, signal transducing, memory, and cognition, as well as the molecular basis and mechanisms for these functions. Overall, GM1 is protective for the CNS. Additionally, this review has also examined the relationships between GM1 and neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, GM1 gangliosidosis, Huntington's disease, epilepsy and seizure, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, depression, alcohol dependence, etc., and the functional roles and therapeutic applications of GM1 in these disorders. Finally, current obstacles that hinder more in-depth investigations and understanding of GM1 and the future directions in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Giri RP, Mukhopadhyay MK, Sanyal MK, Bose D, Chakrabarti A, Quan P, Bu W, Lin B. Structural Flexibility of Proteins Dramatically Alters Membrane Stability─A Novel Aspect of Lipid-Protein Interaction. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11430-11437. [PMID: 36468973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein isoforms are structural variants with changes in the overall flexibility predominantly at the tertiary level. For membrane associated proteins, such structural flexibility or rigidity affects membrane stability by playing modulatory roles in lipid-protein interaction. Herein, we investigate the protein chain flexibility mediated changes in the mechanistic behavior of phospholipid model membranes in the presence of two well-known isoforms, erythroid (ER) and nonerythroid (NER) spectrin. We show dramatic alterations of membrane elasticity and stability induced by spectrin in the Langmuir monolayers of phosphatidylocholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) by a combination of isobaric relaxation, surface pressure-area isotherm, X-ray scattering, and microscopy measurements. The NER spectrin drives all monolayers to possess an approximately equal stability, and that required 25-fold increase and 5-fold decrease of stability in PC and PE monolayers, respectively. The untilting transition of the PC membrane in the presence of NER spectrin observed in X-ray measurements can explain better membrane packing and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra P Giri
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, 700064, West Bengal, India
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118Kiel, Germany
| | - Mrinmay K Mukhopadhyay
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, 700064, West Bengal, India
| | - Milan K Sanyal
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, 700064, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipayan Bose
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, 700064, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhijit Chakrabarti
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, 700064, West Bengal, India
- School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational & Research Institute, Narendrapur, Kolkata700103, India
| | - Peiyu Quan
- NSF's ChemMatCARS, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60637, United States
| | - Wei Bu
- NSF's ChemMatCARS, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60637, United States
| | - Binhua Lin
- NSF's ChemMatCARS, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60637, United States
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Bose D, Aggarwal S, Das D, Narayana C, Chakrabarti A. Erythroid spectrin binding modulates peroxidase and catalase activity of heme proteins. IUBMB Life 2022; 74:474-487. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.2607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipayan Bose
- Crystallography & Molecular Biology Division Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai India
| | - Shantanu Aggarwal
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Bengaluru India
| | - Debashree Das
- Crystallography & Molecular Biology Division Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata India
| | - Chandrabhas Narayana
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Bengaluru India
| | - Abhijit Chakrabarti
- Crystallography & Molecular Biology Division Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai India
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Bose D, Chakrabarti A. Multiple Functions of Spectrin: Convergent Effects. J Membr Biol 2020; 253:499-508. [PMID: 32990795 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-020-00142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Spectrin is a multifunctional, multi-domain protein most well known in the membrane skeleton of mature human erythrocytes. Here we review the literature on the crosstalk of the chaperone activity of spectrin with its other functionalities. We hypothesize that the chaperone activity is derived from the surface exposed hydrophobic patches present in individual "spectrin-repeat" domains and show a competition between the membrane phospholipid binding functionality and chaperone activity of spectrin. Moreover, we show that post-translational modifications such as glycation which shield these surface exposed hydrophobic patches, reduce the chaperone function. On the other hand, oligomerization which is linked to increase of hydrophobicity is seen to increase it. We note that spectrin seems to prefer haemoglobin as its chaperone client, binding with it preferentially over other denatured proteins. Spectrin is also known to interact with unstable haemoglobin variants with a higher affinity than in the case of normal haemoglobin. We propose that chaperone activity of spectrin could be important in the cellular biochemistry of haemoglobin, particularly in the context of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipayan Bose
- Crystallography & Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Abhijit Chakrabarti
- Crystallography & Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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Torres M, Rosselló CA, Fernández-García P, Lladó V, Kakhlon O, Escribá PV. The Implications for Cells of the Lipid Switches Driven by Protein-Membrane Interactions and the Development of Membrane Lipid Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072322. [PMID: 32230887 PMCID: PMC7177374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell membrane contains a variety of receptors that interact with signaling molecules. However, agonist-receptor interactions not always activate a signaling cascade. Amphitropic membrane proteins are required for signal propagation upon ligand-induced receptor activation. These proteins localize to the plasma membrane or internal compartments; however, they are only activated by ligand-receptor complexes when both come into physical contact in membranes. These interactions enable signal propagation. Thus, signals may not propagate into the cell if peripheral proteins do not co-localize with receptors even in the presence of messengers. As the translocation of an amphitropic protein greatly depends on the membrane's lipid composition, regulation of the lipid bilayer emerges as a novel therapeutic strategy. Some of the signals controlled by proteins non-permanently bound to membranes produce dramatic changes in the cell's physiology. Indeed, changes in membrane lipids induce translocation of dozens of peripheral signaling proteins from or to the plasma membrane, which controls how cells behave. We called these changes "lipid switches", as they alter the cell's status (e.g., proliferation, differentiation, death, etc.) in response to the modulation of membrane lipids. Indeed, this discovery enables therapeutic interventions that modify the bilayer's lipids, an approach known as membrane-lipid therapy (MLT) or melitherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Torres
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Spain; (M.T.); (C.A.R.); (P.F.-G.); (V.L.)
- Department of R&D, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL. ParcBit, Ed. Naorte B, E-07121 Palma, Spain
| | - Catalina Ana Rosselló
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Spain; (M.T.); (C.A.R.); (P.F.-G.); (V.L.)
- Department of R&D, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL. ParcBit, Ed. Naorte B, E-07121 Palma, Spain
| | - Paula Fernández-García
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Spain; (M.T.); (C.A.R.); (P.F.-G.); (V.L.)
- Department of R&D, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL. ParcBit, Ed. Naorte B, E-07121 Palma, Spain
| | - Victoria Lladó
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Spain; (M.T.); (C.A.R.); (P.F.-G.); (V.L.)
- Department of R&D, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL. ParcBit, Ed. Naorte B, E-07121 Palma, Spain
| | - Or Kakhlon
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel;
| | - Pablo Vicente Escribá
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Spain; (M.T.); (C.A.R.); (P.F.-G.); (V.L.)
- Correspondence:
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