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Ouyang M, Wu F, Hu C. Efficacy of Short Novel Antimicrobial Peptides in a Mouse Model of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Skin Infection. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:508. [PMID: 38927175 PMCID: PMC11200854 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As the clinical application of antibiotics for bacterial skin infections in companion animals becomes increasingly prevalent, the issue of bacterial resistance has become more pronounced. Antimicrobial peptides, as a novel alternative to traditional antibiotics, have garnered widespread attention. In our study, synthetic peptides ADD-A and CBD3-ABU were tested against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius skin infections in KM mice. ADD-A was applied topically and through intraperitoneal injection, compared with control groups and treatments including CBD3-ABU, ampicillin sodium, and saline. Wound contraction, bacterial counts and histology were assessed on days 3 and 11 post-infection. ADD-A and ampicillin treatments significantly outperformed saline in wound healing (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.001, respectively). ADD-A also showed a markedly lower bacterial count than ampicillin (p < 0.0001). Histologically, ADD-A-applied wounds had better epidermal continuity and a thicker epidermis than normal, with restored follicles and sebaceous glands. ADD-A's effectiveness suggests it as a potential alternative to antibiotics for treating skin infections in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Changmin Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.O.); (F.W.)
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2
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Yaraguppi DA, Bagewadi ZK, Patil NR, Mantri N. Iturin: A Promising Cyclic Lipopeptide with Diverse Applications. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1515. [PMID: 37892197 PMCID: PMC10604914 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review examines iturin, a cyclic lipopeptide originating from Bacillus subtilis and related bacteria. These compounds are structurally diverse and possess potent inhibitory effects against plant disease-causing bacteria and fungi. Notably, Iturin A exhibits strong antifungal properties and low toxicity, making it valuable for bio-pesticides and mycosis treatment. Emerging research reveals additional capabilities, including anticancer and hemolytic features. Iturin finds applications across industries. In food, iturin as a biosurfactant serves beyond surface tension reduction, enhancing emulsions and texture. Biosurfactants are significant in soil remediation, agriculture, wound healing, and sustainability. They also show promise in Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) in the petroleum industry. The pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries recognize iturin's diverse properties, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, and anti-obesity effects. Cosmetic applications span emulsification, anti-wrinkle, and antibacterial use. Understanding iturin's structure, synthesis, and applications gains importance as biosurfactant and lipopeptide research advances. This review focuses on emphasizing iturin's structural characteristics, production methods, biological effects, and applications across industries. It probes iturin's antibacterial, antifungal potential, antiviral efficacy, and cancer treatment capabilities. It explores diverse applications in food, petroleum, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, considering recent developments, challenges, and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak A. Yaraguppi
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580031, Karnataka, India;
| | - Zabin K. Bagewadi
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580031, Karnataka, India;
| | - Ninganagouda R. Patil
- Department of Physics, B. V Bhoomaraddi College of Engineering and Technology, Hubballi 580031, Karnataka, India;
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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3
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Vicente-Garcia C, Colomer I. Lipopeptides as tools in catalysis, supramolecular, materials and medicinal chemistry. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:710-731. [PMID: 37726383 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00532-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Lipopeptides are amphiphilic peptides in which an aliphatic chain is attached to either the C or N terminus of peptides. Their self-assembly - into micelles, vesicles, nanotubes, fibres or nanobelts - leads to applications in nanotechnology, catalysis or medicinal chemistry. Self-organization of lipopeptides is dependent on both the length of the lipid tail and the amino acid sequence, in which the chirality of the peptide sequence can be transmitted into the supramolecular species. This Review describes the use of lipopeptides to design synthetic advanced dynamic supramolecular systems, nanostructured materials or self-responsive delivery systems in the area of medical biotechnology. We examine the influence of external stimuli, the ability of lipopeptide-derived structures to adapt over time and their application as medicinal agents with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral or anticancer activities. Finally, we discuss the catalytic efficiency of lipopeptides, with the aim of building minimal synthetic enzymes, and recent efforts to incorporate metals into lipopeptide assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ignacio Colomer
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Yu F, Shen Y, Qin Y, Pang Y, Fan H, Peng J, Pei X, Liu X. Isolation and purification of antibacterial lipopeptides from Bacillus velezensis YA215 isolated from sea mangroves. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1064764. [PMID: 36505249 PMCID: PMC9730517 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1064764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing burden and health risks of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pose a great threat to society overall. Lipopeptides exhibit great potential as novel and safe alternatives to traditional antibiotics. In this study, the strain YA215, which was isolated from the mangrove area in Beibu Gulf, Guangxi, China, was identified as Bacillus velezensis. Then, YA215 lipopeptide extracts (YA215LE) from B. velezensis was found to exhibit a wide spectrum of antibacterial and antifungal activities. Additionally, YA215LE was identified and found to contain three groups of lipopeptides (surfactin, iturin, and fengycin). Furthermore, one separation fraction (BVYA1) with significant antibacterial activity was obtained. Additionally, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of BVYA1 showed three molecular ion peaks ([M + H]+: m/z 980.62; 994.66; 1008.66) corresponding to conventional surfactin homologs. By MS/MS analysis, BVYA1 was identified as sufactin with the precise amino acid sequence Glu-Leu/Ile-Leu-Val-Asp-Leu-Leu/Ile and hydroxyl fatty acids with 11-13 carbons. [M + H]+ at m/z 980.62 was detected for the first time in B. velezensis, which demonstrates that the strain corresponds to a new surfactin variant. In particular, BVYA1 showed antibacterial activity with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 7.5-15 μg/ml. Finally, the preliminary mechanism of inhibiting E. coli treated with BVYA1 showed that BVYA1 effectively permeabilized the cytoplasmic membrane and disrupted the morphology of targeted bacterial cells. In conclusion, this study suggests that the YA215LE from B. velezensis YA215 might be a potential candidate for a bactericide.
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Synthetic Antimicrobial Immunomodulatory Peptides: Ongoing Studies and Clinical Trials. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081062. [PMID: 36009931 PMCID: PMC9405281 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasingly widespread antimicrobial resistance forces the search for new antimicrobial substances capable of fighting infection. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their synthetic analogs form an extensive group of compounds of great structural diversity and multifunctionality, different modes of antimicrobial action, and considerable market potential. Some AMPs, in addition to their proven antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity, also demonstrate anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory capabilities; these are called innate defense regulator (IDR) peptides. IDR peptides stimulate or inhibit the body’s immune system, e.g., by stimulating leukocyte migration to the site of infection, driving macrophage differentiation and activation, providing chemotactic action for neutrophils, degranulation and activation of mast cells, altering chemokine and cytokine production, and even induction of angiogenesis and wound healing. Such multifunctional immunomodulatory peptide molecules are currently being investigated and developed. Exploring and utilizing IDR peptides as an indirect weapon against infectious diseases could represent a completely new strategy to cope with the issue of antimicrobial resistance.
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Zhang C, Yang M. Antimicrobial Peptides: From Design to Clinical Application. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030349. [PMID: 35326812 PMCID: PMC8944448 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli, brings public health issues and causes economic burden. Pathogenic bacteria develop several methods to resist antibiotic killing or inhibition, such as mutation of antibiotic function sites, activation of drug efflux pumps, and enzyme-mediated drug degradation. Antibiotic resistance components can be transferred between bacteria by mobile genetic elements including plasmids, transposons, and integrons, as well as bacteriophages. The development of antibiotic resistance limits the treatment options for bacterial infection, especially for MDR bacteria. Therefore, novel or alternative antibacterial agents are urgently needed. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) display multiple killing mechanisms against bacterial infections, including directly bactericidal activity and immunomodulatory function, as potential alternatives to antibiotics. In this review, the development of antibiotic resistance, the killing mechanisms of AMPs, and especially, the design, optimization, and delivery of AMPs are reviewed. Strategies such as structural change, amino acid substitution, conjugation with cell-penetration peptide, terminal acetylation and amidation, and encapsulation with nanoparticles will improve the antimicrobial efficacy, reduce toxicity, and accomplish local delivery of AMPs. In addition, clinical trials in AMP studies or applications of AMPs within the last five years were summarized. Overall, AMPs display diverse mechanisms of action against infection of pathogenic bacteria, and future research studies and clinical investigations will accelerate AMP application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunye Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Correspondence:
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Can Immobilized Artificial Membrane Chromatography Support the Characterization of Antimicrobial Peptide Origin Derivatives? Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101237. [PMID: 34680817 PMCID: PMC8532876 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of multiple drug-resistant bacteria strains caused the development of new antibiotics to be one of the most important challenges of medicinal chemistry. Despite many efforts, the commercial availability of peptide-based antimicrobials is still limited. The presented study aims to explain that immobilized artificial membrane chromatography can support the characterization of antimicrobial peptides. Consequently, the chromatographic experiments of three groups of related peptide substances: (i) short cationic lipopeptides, (ii) citropin analogs, and (iii) conjugates of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, with a cell-penetrating peptide were discussed. In light of the discussion of the mechanisms of action of these compounds, the obtained results were interpreted.
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Nasompag S, Siritongsuk P, Thammawithan S, Srichaiyapol O, Prangkio P, Camesano TA, Sinthuvanich C, Patramanon R. AFM Study of Nanoscale Membrane Perturbation Induced by Antimicrobial Lipopeptide C 14 KYR. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11070495. [PMID: 34208993 PMCID: PMC8307486 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11070495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipopeptides have been extensively studied as potential antimicrobial agents. In this study, we focused on the C14-KYR lipopeptide, a modified version of the KYR tripeptide with myristic acid at the N-terminus. Here, membrane perturbation of live E. coli treated with the parent KYR and C14-KYR peptides was compared at the nanoscale level using AFM imaging. AFM analyses, including average cellular roughness and force spectroscopy, revealed the severe surface disruption mechanism of C14-KYR. A loss of surface roughness and changes in topographic features included membrane shrinkage, periplasmic membrane separation from the cell wall, and cytosolic leakage. Additional evidence from synchrotron radiation FTIR microspectroscopy (SR-FTIR) revealed a marked structural change in the membrane component after lipopeptide attack. The average roughness of the E. coli cell before and after treatment with C14-KYR was 129.2 ± 51.4 and 223.5 ± 14.1 nm, respectively. The average rupture force of the cell treated with C14-KYR was 0.16 nN, four times higher than that of the untreated cell. Our study demonstrates that the mechanistic effect of the lipopeptide against bacterial cells can be quantified through surface imaging and adhesion force using AFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawinee Nasompag
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, The Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (S.N.); (C.S.)
| | - Pawinee Siritongsuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.T.); (O.S.)
| | - Saengrawee Thammawithan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.T.); (O.S.)
| | - Oranee Srichaiyapol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.T.); (O.S.)
| | - Panchika Prangkio
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Terri A. Camesano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA;
| | - Chomdao Sinthuvanich
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, The Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (S.N.); (C.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Rina Patramanon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.T.); (O.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Xuan M, Liang J, Li J, Wu W. Multi-functional lipopeptide micelles as a vehicle for curcumin delivery. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Liu L, Zhao L, Liu L, Yue S, Wang J, Cao Z. Influence of Different Aromatic Hydrophobic Residues on the Antimicrobial Activity and Membrane Selectivity of BRBR-NH 2 Tetrapeptide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:15331-15342. [PMID: 33295774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ultrashort linear antimicrobial tetrapeptide BRBR-NH2 with an unnatural residue biphenylalanine (B) has potent and rapid antimethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity but lacks hemolytic activity. The anti-MRSA activity of BRBR-NH2 is 8-fold more potent than that of WRWR-NH2 and 16-fold more potent than that of FRFR-NH2. However, how to influence their antimicrobial activities and mechanisms through the substitution of different aromatic hydrophobic residues is still unclear. In this work, to study the effects of varying hydrophobic interactions and membrane selectivities of BRBR-NH2, we performed multiple long-time (1000 ns) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the interactions of a red blood cell (RBC) membrane and a Gram-positive bacterial cell membrane with three different tetrapeptides (BRBR-NH2, WRWR-NH2, and FRFR-NH2) under different ratios of peptides and lipids and also explored the changes in the membrane and structural characteristics of peptides. The binding energy results show that BRBR-NH2 interacts weakly with the RBC membrane, while not all BRBR-NH2 can be adsorbed to the RBC membrane surface. The MD simulation results produced significant local membrane thinning of multiBRBR-NH2 peptides in the Gram-positive bacterial cell membrane. An in-depth analysis of structural features and peptide-membrane interactions suggests that the aggregation of BRBR-NH2 on the membrane surface plays a crucial role in the destruction of the cell membrane. Taken together with the observed local membrane thinning, the in-depth analysis demonstrated that the interactions between the lipid bilayer and the BRBR-NH2 aggregation surface result in a local disturbance of the membrane structure. It can be concluded that the high anti-MRSA activity of BRBR-NH2 is attributed to the aggregation of BRBR-NH2 on the membrane surface. On the other hand, WRWR-NH2 and FRFR-NH2 peptides tend to bind with the membrane surface in a monomeric form and cover the membrane surface in a carpet-like manner. Therefore, these results provide an advanced microscopic understanding of how hydrophobic interactions or hydrophobic residues affect the antimicrobial activity and mechanism of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Liling Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Lixia Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Shizhong Yue
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Jihua Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Zanxia Cao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
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Low temperature preservation of porcine semen: influence of short antimicrobial lipopeptides on sperm quality and bacterial load. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13225. [PMID: 32764567 PMCID: PMC7410844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a steadily increasing problem and poses a serious threat to global public health. Therefore, it is highly necessary to advance the development of novel antimicrobial compounds and semen preservation strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate a low temperature, antibiotic-free preservation procedure using Androstar Premium (ASP) extender (Minitüb) with antimicrobial lipopeptides. Firstly, seven lipopeptides in two concentrations (1 × minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)/2 × MIC) were tested on their sperm-compatibility at 17 °C. Two lipopeptides, C16-KKK-NH2 and C16-KKKK-NH2, did not negatively affect sperm quality and were further evaluated for their efficiency of bacterial growth inhibition at 5 °C. Besides an overall diminution of colony forming units, both peptides showed a reduction of bacterial subcultures (n = 103) with a decrement in Gram-positive rods from 65 (ASP w/o supplements) to 39/52 (ASP w/ C16-KKK-NH2/C16-KKKK-NH2), in Gram-positive cocci from 21 to 9/10 and in Gram-negative species from 17 to 8/5 total subcultures. Furthermore, lipopeptides revealed activity towards selected bacteria of potential concern in artificial insemination like Trueperella pyogenes, Alcaligenes faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (not C16-KKK-NH2), Pasteurella sp., Providencia stuartii, Escherichia coli (not C16-KKKK-NH2) and Streptococcus porcinus (not C16-KKKK-NH2). Consequently, both tested lipopeptides are promising candidates for alternative antibiotic-free preservation techniques of boar semen.
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Greber KE, Roch M, Rosato MA, Martinez MP, Rosato AE. Efficacy of newly generated short antimicrobial cationic lipopeptides against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 55:105827. [PMID: 31634552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (MRSA) is a serious clinical challenge and research to develop new antimicrobials is imperative. METHODS This study investigated the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of the short cationic dialkyl lipopeptides (C10)2-KKKK-NH2 and (C12)2-KKKK-NH2. The antibacterial efficacy of (C10)2-KKKK-NH2 and (C12)2-KKKK-NH2 was evaluated in representative clinical methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and MRSA strains by both in vitro (MIC, time-kill curve) and in vivo (wax worms model) approaches. RESULTS These studies revealed that both (C10)2-KKKK-NH2 and (C12)2-KKKK-NH2 have rapid bactericidal activity, with a decrease of > 3 log10 colony forming units (CFU)/mL achieved in the first 6 hours of treatment. Furthermore, (C10)2-KKKK-NH2 performed similarly to daptomycin, with a sustained bacterial killing after 24 hours. Wax worms infected and treated with these lipopeptides showed a decreased survival rate of 90% to 50% within the first day of treatment. Scanning electron microscopy determined that the effect of the short lipopeptides in S. aureus was associated with important morphological structural changes that may suggest cell membrane perturbation. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the short lipopeptides (C10)2-KKKK-NH2 and (C12)2-KKKK-NH2 may be potential new options for treating MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna E Greber
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Melanie Roch
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tx, USA
| | | | - Maria P Martinez
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tx, USA
| | - Adriana E Rosato
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tx, USA.
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Antibacterial Activities of Lipopeptide (C 10)₂-KKKK-NH₂ Applied Alone and in Combination with Lens Liquids to Fight Biofilms Formed on Polystyrene Surfaces and Contact Lenses. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020393. [PMID: 30658481 PMCID: PMC6358866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of biomaterials such as contact lenses is associated with the development of biofilm-related infections which are very difficult to manage with standard therapies. The formation of bacterial biofilms on the surface of biomaterials is associated with increased antibiotic resistance. Owing to their promising antimicrobial potential, lipopeptides are being intensively investigated as novel antimicrobials. However, due to the relatively high toxicity exhibited by numerous compounds, a lot of attention is being paid to designing new lipopeptides with optimal biological activities. The principal aim of this study was to evaluate the potential ophthalmic application of lipopeptide (C10)2-KKKK-NH2. This lipopeptide was synthesized according to Fmoc chemistry using the solid-phase method. The antibiofilm activities of the lipopeptide, antibiotics used in ocular infections, and commercially available lens liquids were determined using the broth dilution method on polystyrene 96-well plates and contact lenses. Resazurin was applied as the cell-viability reagent. The effectiveness of the commercially available lens liquids supplemented with the lipopeptide was evaluated using the same method and materials. (C10)2-KKKK-NH2 exhibited stronger anti-biofilm properties compared to those of the tested conventional antimicrobials and showed the ability to enhance the activity of lens liquids at relatively low concentrations (4–32 mg/L). Estimation of the eye irritation potential of the lipopeptide using Toxtree software 2.6.13 suggests that the compound could be safely applied on the human eye. The results of performed experiments encourage further studies on (C10)2-KKKK-NH2 and its potential application in the prophylaxis of contact lens-related eye infections.
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