1
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Adhyapak P, Liang K, Duan M, Kapoor S. Effect of Host Cholesterol on the Membrane Dynamics of Outer Membrane Lipids of Mycobacteria. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300697. [PMID: 37846643 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to remain dormant after primary infection represents the prime cause of new TB cases throughout the world. Hence, diagnosis and treatment of individuals hosting dormant mycobacterium is one of the crucial strategies to be adopted for the prevention of Tuberculosis. Among many strategies unleashed by the latent bacterium, one of them is scavenging host cholesterol for carbon source. Cholesterol modifies lipid membranes over many scales and here, its effect on mycobacterial membrane biophysics and the subsequent effect on partitioning of antibiotics into cholesterol- enriched mycobacterial membranes was investigated. Our research showed that cholesterol alters the phase state behavior of mycobacterial outer membrane lipids by enhancing the overall membrane order at the headgroup and acyl chain region and is integrated into both ordered and disordered domains/phases, with a preference for the latter. Exogenous cholesterol further alters the drug partitioning behavior of structurally different drugs, pointing to a larger clinical potential of using more hydrophobic medications to target dormant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Adhyapak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Kuan Liang
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Mojie Duan
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Shobhna Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
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2
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Kumar G, Kapoor S. Targeting mycobacterial membranes and membrane proteins: Progress and limitations. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 81:117212. [PMID: 36804747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Among the various bacterial infections, tuberculosis continues to hold center stage. Its causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, possesses robust defense mechanisms against most front-line antibiotic drugs and host responses due to their complex cell membranes with unique lipid molecules. It is now well-established that bacteria change their membrane composition to optimize their environment to survive and elude drug action. Thus targeting membrane or membrane components is a promising avenue for exploiting the chemical space focussed on developing novel membrane-centric anti-bacterial small molecules. These approaches are more effective, non-toxic, and can attenuate resistance phenotype. We present the relevance of targeting the mycobacterial membrane as a practical therapeutic approach. The review highlights the direct and indirect targeting of membrane structure and function. Direct membrane targeting agents cause perturbation in the membrane potential and can cause leakage of the cytoplasmic contents. In contrast, indirect membrane targeting agents disrupt the function of membrane-associated proteins involved in cell wall biosynthesis or energy production. We discuss the chronological chemical improvements in various scaffolds targeting specific membrane-associated protein targets, their clinical evaluation, and up-to-date account of their ''mechanisms of action, potency, selectivity'' and limitations. The sources of anti-TB drugs/inhibitors discussed in this work have emerged from target-based identification, cell-based phenotypic screening, drug repurposing, and natural products. We believe this review will inspire the exploration of uncharted chemical space for informing the development of new scaffolds that can inhibit novel mycobacterial membrane targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India; Departemnt of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500037, India.
| | - Shobhna Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India; Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan.
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3
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Adhyapak P, Dong W, Dasgupta S, Dutta A, Duan M, Kapoor S. Lipid Clustering in Mycobacterial Cell Envelope Layers Governs Spatially Resolved Solvation Dynamics. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200146. [PMID: 35419975 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The mycobacterial cell envelope acts as a multilayered barrier to drugs. However, the role of lipid composition in the properties of different mycobacterial membranes, otherwise dictating their interactions with drugs, is poorly understood. In this study, we found that hydration states, solvation relaxation kinetics, rotational lipid mobility, and lateral lipid diffusion differed between inner and outer mycobacterial membranes. Molecular modeling showed that lipid clustering patterns governed membrane dynamics in the different layers of the cell envelope. By regulating membrane properties, lipid composition and structure modulated water abundance and interactions with lipid head groups. These findings can help deepen our understanding of the physical chemistry underlying membrane structure and function, as well as the interaction of mycobacterial membranes with drugs and host membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Adhyapak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Wanqian Dong
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Souradip Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Anindya Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Mojie Duan
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Shobhna Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.,Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
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4
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Menon AP, Dong W, Lee TH, Aguilar MI, Duan M, Kapoor S. Mutually Exclusive Interactions of Rifabutin with Spatially Distinct Mycobacterial Cell Envelope Membrane Layers Offer Insights into Membrane-Centric Therapy of Infectious Diseases. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2022; 2:395-408. [PMID: 35996474 PMCID: PMC9389580 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.2c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anjana P. Menon
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- IITB-Monash Academy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Wanqian Dong
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tzong-Hsien Lee
- IITB-Monash Academy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Marie-Isabel Aguilar
- IITB-Monash Academy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Mojie Duan
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shobhna Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- IITB-Monash Academy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
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5
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Agarwala PK, Aneja R, Kapoor S. Lipidomic landscape in cancer: Actionable insights for membrane-based therapy and diagnoses. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:983-1018. [PMID: 34719798 DOI: 10.1002/med.21868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells display altered cellular lipid metabolism, including disruption in endogenous lipid synthesis, storage, and exogenous uptake for membrane biogenesis and functions. Altered lipid metabolism and, consequently, lipid composition impacts cellular function by affecting membrane structure and properties, such as fluidity, rigidity, membrane dynamics, and lateral organization. Herein, we provide an overview of lipid membranes and how their properties affect cellular functions. We also detail how the rewiring of lipid metabolism impacts the lipidomic landscape of cancer cell membranes and influences the characteristics of cancer cells. Furthermore, we discuss how the altered cancer lipidome provides cues for developing lipid-inspired innovative therapeutic and diagnostic strategies while improving our limited understanding of the role of lipids in cancer initiation and progression. We also present the arcade of membrane characterization techniques to cement their relevance in cancer diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prema K Agarwala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shobhna Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.,Depertment of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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6
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Andrade S, Ramalho MJ, Loureiro JA, Pereira MC. Liposomes as biomembrane models: Biophysical techniques for drug-membrane interaction studies. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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7
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Aragón-Muriel A, Liscano Y, Morales-Morales D, Polo-Cerón D, Oñate-Garzón J. A Study of the Interaction of a New Benzimidazole Schiff Base with Synthetic and Simulated Membrane Models of Bacterial and Mammalian Membranes. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11060449. [PMID: 34208443 PMCID: PMC8235182 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11060449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biological membranes are complex dynamic systems composed of a great variety of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, which together play a pivotal role in the protection of organisms and through which the interchange of different substances is regulated in the cell. Given the complexity of membranes, models mimicking them provide a convenient way to study and better understand their mechanisms of action and their interactions with biologically active compounds. Thus, in the present study, a new Schiff base (Bz-Im) derivative from 2-(m-aminophenyl)benzimidazole and 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques. Interaction studies of (Bz-Im) with two synthetic membrane models prepared with 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and DMPC/1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (DMPG) 3:1 mixture, imitating eukaryotic and prokaryotic membranes, respectively, were performed by applying differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Molecular dynamics simulations were also developed to better understand their interactions. In vitro and in silico assays provided approaches to understand the effect of Bz-Im on these lipid systems. The DSC results showed that, at low compound concentrations, the effects were similar in both membrane models. By increasing the concentration of Bz-Im, the DMPC/DMPG membrane exhibited greater fluidity as a result of the interaction with Bz-Im. On the other hand, molecular dynamics studies carried out on the erythrocyte membrane model using the phospholipids POPE (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine), SM (N-(15Z-tetracosenoyl)-sphing-4-enine-1-phosphocholine), and POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) revealed that after 30 ns of interaction, both hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds were responsible for the affinity of Bz-Im for PE and SM. The interactions of the imine with POPG (1-Palmitoyl-2-Oleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphoglycerol) in the E. coli membrane model were mainly based on hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Aragón-Muriel
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Catálisis y Procesos (LICAP), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760031, Colombia;
| | - Yamil Liscano
- Grupo de Investigación en Química y Biotecnología (QUIBIO), Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia;
| | - David Morales-Morales
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacán, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico;
| | - Dorian Polo-Cerón
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Catálisis y Procesos (LICAP), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760031, Colombia;
- Correspondence: (D.P.-C.); (J.O.-G.)
| | - Jose Oñate-Garzón
- Grupo de Investigación en Química y Biotecnología (QUIBIO), Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia;
- Correspondence: (D.P.-C.); (J.O.-G.)
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8
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Kumar G, Narayan R, Kapoor S. Chemical Tools for Illumination of Tuberculosis Biology, Virulence Mechanisms, and Diagnosis. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15308-15332. [PMID: 33307693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases and begs the scientific community to up the ante for research and exploration of completely novel therapeutic avenues. Chemical biology-inspired design of tunable chemical tools has aided in clinical diagnosis, facilitated discovery of therapeutics, and begun to enable investigation of virulence mechanisms at the host-pathogen interface of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This Perspective highlights chemical tools specific to mycobacterial proteins and the cell lipid envelope that have furnished rapid and selective diagnostic strategies and provided unprecedented insights into the function of the mycobacterial proteome and lipidome. We discuss chemical tools that have enabled elucidating otherwise intractable biological processes by leveraging the unique lipid and metabolite repertoire of mycobacterial species. Some of these probes represent exciting starting points with the potential to illuminate poorly understood aspects of mycobacterial pathogenesis, particularly the host membrane-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rishikesh Narayan
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Ponda 403 401, Goa, India
| | - Shobhna Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, Maharashtra, India.,Wadhwani Research Center for Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, Maharashtra, India
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9
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Mishra M, Dadhich R, Mogha P, Kapoor S. Mycobacterium Lipids Modulate Host Cell Membrane Mechanics, Lipid Diffusivity, and Cytoskeleton in a Virulence-Selective Manner. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2386-2399. [PMID: 32786287 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microbial lipids play a critical role in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases by modulating the host cell membrane properties, including lipid/protein diffusion and membrane organization. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) synthesizes various chemically distinct lipids that are exposed on its outer membrane and interact with host cell membranes. However, the effects of the structurally diverse Mtb lipids on the host cell membrane properties to fine-tune the host cellular response remain unknown. In this study, we employed membrane biophysics and cell biology to assess the effects of different Mtb lipids on cell membrane mechanics, lipid diffusion, and the cytoskeleton of THP-1 macrophages. We found that Mtb lipids modulate macrophage membrane properties, actin cytoskeleton, and biochemical processes, such as protein phosphorylation and lipid peroxidation, in a virulence lipid-selective manner. These results emphasize that Mtb can fine-tune its interactions with the host cells governed by modulating the lipid profile on its surface. These observations provide a novel lipid-centric paradigm of Mtb pathogenesis that is amenable to pharmacological inhibition and could promote the development of robust biomarkers of Mtb infection and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ruchika Dadhich
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Pankaj Mogha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Shobhna Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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10
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Dadhich R, Kapoor S. Various Facets of Pathogenic Lipids in Infectious Diseases: Exploring Virulent Lipid-Host Interactome and Their Druggability. J Membr Biol 2020; 253:399-423. [PMID: 32833058 PMCID: PMC7443855 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-020-00135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipids form an integral, structural, and functional part of all life forms. They play a significant role in various cellular processes such as membrane fusion, fission, endocytosis, protein trafficking, and protein functions. Interestingly, recent studies have revealed their more impactful and critical involvement in infectious diseases, starting with the manipulation of the host membrane to facilitate pathogenic entry. Thereafter, pathogens recruit specific host lipids for the maintenance of favorable intracellular niche to augment their survival and proliferation. In this review, we showcase the lipid-mediated host pathogen interplay in context of life-threatening viral and bacterial diseases including the recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. We evaluate the emergent lipid-centric approaches adopted by these pathogens, while delineating the alterations in the composition and organization of the cell membrane within the host, as well as the pathogen. Lastly, crucial nexus points in their interaction landscape for therapeutic interventions are identified. Lipids act as critical determinants of bacterial and viral pathogenesis by altering the host cell membrane structure and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Dadhich
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Shobhna Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
- Wadhwani Research Centre for Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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11
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Dadhich R, Mishra M, Ning S, Jana S, Sarpe VA, Mahato J, Duan M, Kulkarni SS, Kapoor S. A Virulence-Associated Glycolipid with Distinct Conformational Attributes: Impact on Lateral Organization of Host Plasma Membrane, Autophagy, and Signaling. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:740-750. [PMID: 32078292 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) serves as the epitome of how lipids-next to proteins-are utilized as central effectors in pathogenesis. It synthesizes an arsenal of structurally atypical lipids (C60-C90) to impact various membrane-dependent steps involved in host interactions. There is a growing precedent to support insertion of these exposed lipids into the host membrane as part of their mode of action. However, the vital role of specific virulence-associated lipids in modulating cellular functions by altering the host membrane organization and associated signaling pathways remain unanswered questions. Here, we combined chemical synthesis, biophysics, cell biology, and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate host membrane structure modifications and modulation of membrane-associated signaling using synthetic Mycobacterium tuberculosis sulfoglycolipids (Mtb SL). We reveal that Mtb SL reorganizes the host cell plasma membrane domains while showing higher preference for fluid membrane regions. This rearrangement is governed by the distinct conformational states sampled by SL acyl chains. Physicochemical assays with SL analogues reveal insights into their structure-function relationships, highlighting specific roles of lipid acyl chains and headgroup, along with effects on autophagy and cytokine profiles. Our findings uncover a mechanism whereby Mtb uses specific chemical moieties on its lipids to fine-tune host lipid interactions and confer control of the downstream functions by modifying the cell membrane structure and function. These findings will inspire development of chemotherapeutics against Mtb by counteracting their effects on the host-cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Dadhich
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Manjari Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Shangbo Ning
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Santanu Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Vikram A. Sarpe
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Jaladhar Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Mojie Duan
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Suvarn S. Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Shobhna Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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12
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Adhyapak P, Srivatsav AT, Mishra M, Singh A, Narayan R, Kapoor S. Dynamical Organization of Compositionally Distinct Inner and Outer Membrane Lipids of Mycobacteria. Biophys J 2020; 118:1279-1291. [PMID: 32061274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium species, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, employs atypical long (C60-90) and branched lipids to produce a complex cell wall and localizes these toward distinct spatial locations, inner membrane (IM) and outer membrane (OM), thus forming a robust permeability barrier. The properties and functional roles of these spatially orchestrated membrane platforms remain unknown. Herein, we report the distinctive lateral organization, fluidity, and lipid domain architecture of protein-free membranes reconstituted from IM and OM lipids in vitro from M. smegmatis (Msm) underscored by their lipid packing and lipid dynamics. We show that Msm OM, against common notion, is more dynamic and fluid compared with IM and reveal the role of cell wall-associated peptidoglycans and lipoarabinomannan on the Msm OM organization. Overall, these studies indicate that mycobacterial species may regulate their overall membrane functionality by regulating the synthesis of these complex arrays of lipids. Based on the structure-function relationship drawn here, documented alteration in the mycobacterial lipidome during cellular infection and/or drug treatment could reflect a mechanism to fine-tune M. tuberculosis membrane properties to its advantage. These findings are expected to inspire development of lipid-centric therapeutic approaches targeted toward its membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Adhyapak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Aswin T Srivatsav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Manjari Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Abhishek Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Rishikesh Narayan
- School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Goa, India
| | - Shobhna Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India; Wadhwani Research Center for Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.
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13
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Pyta K, Janas A, Skrzypczak N, Schilf W, Wicher B, Gdaniec M, Bartl F, Przybylski P. Specific Interactions between Rifamycin Antibiotics and Water Influencing Ability To Overcome Natural Cell Barriers and the Range of Antibacterial Potency. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:1754-1763. [PMID: 31461259 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rifamycins are a group of macrocyclic antibiotics mainly used for the treatment of various bacterial infections including tuberculosis. Spectroscopic studies of rifamycins evidence the formation of temperature- and solvent-dependent equilibria between A-, B-, and C-type conformers in solutions. The B- and C-type conformers of rifamycin antibiotics are exclusively formed in the presence of water molecules. A- and B-type conformers exhibit a hydrophilic and "open" ansa-bridge nature whereas the C-type conformer is more lipophilic due to the presence of a "closed" ansa-bridge structure. The involvement of the lactam moiety of the ansa-bridge in intramolecular H-bonds within rifapentine and rifampicin implicates the formation of a more hydrophilic A-type conformer. In contrast to rifampicin and rifapentine, for rifabutin and rifaximin, the "free" lactam group enhances conformational flexibility of the ansa-bridge, thereby enabling interconversion between A- and C-type conformers. In turn, an equilibrium between A- and C-type conformers for rifamycins improves their adaptation to the changing nature of bacteria cell membranes, especially those of Gram-negative strains and/or to efflux pump systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystian Pyta
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Janas
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Skrzypczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Schilf
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Wicher
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Gdaniec
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Franz Bartl
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Institut für Biologie, Biophysikalische Chemie, Invalidenstr. 42, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Piotr Przybylski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
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14
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Membrane Dynamics in Health and Disease: Impact on Cellular Signalling. J Membr Biol 2019; 252:213-226. [PMID: 31435696 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-019-00087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biological membranes display a staggering complexity of lipids and proteins orchestrating cellular functions. Superior analytical tools coupled with numerous functional cellular screens have enabled us to query their role in cellular signalling, trafficking, guiding protein structure and function-all of which rely on the dynamic membrane lipid properties indispensable for proper cellular functions. Alteration of these has led to emergence of various pathological conditions, thus opening an area of lipid-centric therapeutic approaches. This perspective is a short summary of the dynamic properties of membranes essential for proper cellular functions, dictating both protein and lipid functions, and mis-regulated in diseases. Towards the end, we focus on some challenges lying ahead and potential means to tackle the same, mainly underscored by multi-disciplinary approaches.
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