1
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Glukhov G, Karlova M, Kravchuk E, Glukhova A, Trifonova E, Sokolova OS. Purification of Potassium Ion Channels Using Styrene-Maleic Acid Copolymers. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2796:73-86. [PMID: 38856895 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3818-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Structural studies require the production of target proteins in large quantities and with a high degree of purity. For membrane proteins, the bottleneck in determining their structure is the extraction of the target protein from the cell membranes. A detergent that improperly mimics the hydrophobic environment of the protein of interest can also significantly alter its structure. Recently, using lipodiscs with styrene-maleic acid (SMA), copolymers became a promising strategy for the purification of membrane proteins. Here, we describe in detail the one-step affinity purification of potassium ion channels solubilized in SMA and sample preparation for future structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigory Glukhov
- Faculty of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Maria Karlova
- Faculty of Biology, Moscow Lomonosov University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Anna Glukhova
- Faculty of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Olga S Sokolova
- Faculty of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, China.
- Faculty of Biology, Moscow Lomonosov University, Moscow, Russia.
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2
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Hoang Trinh TK, Catalano C, Guo Y. Fabrication of membrane proteins in the form of native cell membrane nanoparticles using novel membrane active polymers. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:5932-5940. [PMID: 37881706 PMCID: PMC10597567 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00381g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins are a widespread class of bio-macromolecules responsible for numerous vital biological processes and serve as therapeutic targets for a vast array of contemporary medications. For membrane protein isolation and purification, detergents have historically been used. Despite this, detergents frequently result in protein instability. Consequently, their application was limited. Recent detergent-free approaches have been invented. Among these, styrene-maleic acid lipid particle (SMALP), diisobutylene-maleic acid lipid particle (DIBMALP), and native cell membrane nanoparticle (NCMN) systems are the most prevalent. The NCMN system intends to create a library of membrane-active polymers suitable for high-resolution structure determination of membrane protein. Design, synthesis, characterization, and comparative application evaluations of three novel classes of NCMN polymers, NCMNP13-x, NCMNP21-x, and NCMNP21b-x, are presented in this article. Although each NCMN polymer can solubilize distinct model membrane proteins and retain native lipids in NCMN particles, only the NCMNP21b-x family produces lipid-protein particles with ideal buffer compatibility and high homogeneity suitable for single-particle cryo-EM analysis. NCMNP21b-x polymers that generate high-quality NCMN particles are particularly desirable for membrane protein structural biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Kim Hoang Trinh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23298 USA
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23219 USA
| | - Claudio Catalano
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23298 USA
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23219 USA
| | - Youzhong Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23298 USA
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23219 USA
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3
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Liang M, Liu D, Nie Y, Liu Y, Qiao X. Exploiting styrene-maleic acid copolymer grafting chromatographic stationary phase materials for separation of membrane lipids. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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4
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Neville GM, Edler KJ, Price GJ. Fluorescent styrene maleic acid copolymers to facilitate membrane protein studies in lipid nanodiscs. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:5689-5693. [PMID: 35315461 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07230g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescently-labelled variants of poly(styrene-co-maleic acid), SMA, have been synthesised by RAFT copolymerisation. We show that low ratios of vinyl fluorophores, analogous to styrene, can be successfully incorporated during polymerisation without detriment to nanodisc formation upon interaction with lipids. These novel copolymers are capable of encapuslating lipids and the model membrane protein, gramicidin, and hence have the potential to be applied in fluorescence-based biological studies. To demonstrate this, energy transfer is used to probe polymer-protein interactions in nanodiscs. The copolymers may also be used to monitor nanodisc self assembly by exploiting aggregation-caused-quenching (ACQ).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen J Edler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Gareth J Price
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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5
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Orekhov PS, Bozdaganyan ME, Voskoboynikova N, Mulkidjanian AY, Karlova MG, Yudenko A, Remeeva A, Ryzhykau YL, Gushchin I, Gordeliy VI, Sokolova OS, Steinhoff HJ, Kirpichnikov MP, Shaitan KV. Mechanisms of Formation, Structure, and Dynamics of Lipoprotein Discs Stabilized by Amphiphilic Copolymers: A Comprehensive Review. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030361. [PMID: 35159706 PMCID: PMC8838559 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic copolymers consisting of alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic units account for a major recent methodical breakthrough in the investigations of membrane proteins. Styrene–maleic acid (SMA), diisobutylene–maleic acid (DIBMA), and related copolymers have been shown to extract membrane proteins directly from lipid membranes without the need for classical detergents. Within the particular experimental setup, they form disc-shaped nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution, which serve as a suitable platform for diverse kinds of spectroscopy and other biophysical techniques that require relatively small, homogeneous, water-soluble particles of separate membrane proteins in their native lipid environment. In recent years, copolymer-encased nanolipoparticles have been proven as suitable protein carriers for various structural biology applications, including cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), small-angle scattering, and conventional and single-molecule X-ray diffraction experiments. Here, we review the current understanding of how such nanolipoparticles are formed and organized at the molecular level with an emphasis on their chemical diversity and factors affecting their size and solubilization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp S. Orekhov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.E.B.); (M.G.K.); (O.S.S.); (M.P.K.)
- Faculty of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518172, China
- Institute of Personalized Medicine, Sechenov University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (P.S.O.); (K.V.S.)
| | - Marine E. Bozdaganyan
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.E.B.); (M.G.K.); (O.S.S.); (M.P.K.)
- Faculty of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518172, China
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Voskoboynikova
- Department of Physics, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany; (N.V.); (A.Y.M.); (H.-J.S.)
| | - Armen Y. Mulkidjanian
- Department of Physics, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany; (N.V.); (A.Y.M.); (H.-J.S.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics and Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria G. Karlova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.E.B.); (M.G.K.); (O.S.S.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Anna Yudenko
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (A.Y.); (A.R.); (Y.L.R.); (I.G.); (V.I.G.)
| | - Alina Remeeva
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (A.Y.); (A.R.); (Y.L.R.); (I.G.); (V.I.G.)
| | - Yury L. Ryzhykau
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (A.Y.); (A.R.); (Y.L.R.); (I.G.); (V.I.G.)
| | - Ivan Gushchin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (A.Y.); (A.R.); (Y.L.R.); (I.G.); (V.I.G.)
| | - Valentin I. Gordeliy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (A.Y.); (A.R.); (Y.L.R.); (I.G.); (V.I.G.)
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
- JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Olga S. Sokolova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.E.B.); (M.G.K.); (O.S.S.); (M.P.K.)
- Faculty of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Heinz-Jürgen Steinhoff
- Department of Physics, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany; (N.V.); (A.Y.M.); (H.-J.S.)
| | - Mikhail P. Kirpichnikov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.E.B.); (M.G.K.); (O.S.S.); (M.P.K.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin V. Shaitan
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.E.B.); (M.G.K.); (O.S.S.); (M.P.K.)
- Correspondence: (P.S.O.); (K.V.S.)
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6
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Kopf AH, Lijding O, Elenbaas BOW, Koorengevel MC, Dobruchowska JM, van Walree CA, Killian JA. Synthesis and Evaluation of a Library of Alternating Amphipathic Copolymers to Solubilize and Study Membrane Proteins. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:743-759. [PMID: 34994549 PMCID: PMC8924871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Amphipathic copolymers
such as poly(styrene-maleic acid) (SMA)
are promising tools for the facile extraction of membrane proteins
(MPs) into native nanodiscs. Here, we designed and synthesized a library
of well-defined alternating copolymers of SMA analogues in order to
elucidate polymer properties that are important for MP solubilization
and stability. MP extraction efficiency was determined using KcsA
from E. coli membranes, and general solubilization
efficiency was investigated via turbidimetry experiments on membranes
of E. coli, yeast mitochondria, and synthetic
lipids. Remarkably, halogenation of SMA copolymers dramatically improved
solubilization efficiency in all systems, while substituents on the
copolymer backbone improved resistance to Ca2+. Relevant
polymer properties were found to include hydrophobic balance, size
and positioning of substituents, rigidity, and electronic effects.
The library thus contributes to the rational design of copolymers
for the study of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian H Kopf
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Odette Lijding
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Barend O W Elenbaas
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn C Koorengevel
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Justyna M Dobruchowska
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A van Walree
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Antoinette Killian
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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7
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Farrelly MD, Martin LL, Thang SH. Polymer Nanodiscs and Their Bioanalytical Potential. Chemistry 2021; 27:12922-12939. [PMID: 34180107 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins (MPs) play a pivotal role in cellular function and are therefore predominant pharmaceutical targets. Although detailed understanding of MP structure and mechanistic activity is invaluable for rational drug design, challenges are associated with the purification and study of MPs. This review delves into the historical developments that became the prelude to currently available membrane mimetic technologies before shining a spotlight on polymer nanodiscs. These are soluble nanosized particles capable of encompassing MPs embedded in a phospholipid ring. The expanding range of reported amphipathic polymer nanodisc materials is presented and discussed in terms of their tolerance to different solution conditions and their nanodisc properties. Finally, the analytical scope of polymer nanodiscs is considered in both the demonstration of basic nanodisc parameters as well as in the elucidation of structures, lipid-protein interactions, and the functional mechanisms of reconstituted membrane proteins. The final emphasis is given to the unique benefits and applications demonstrated for native nanodiscs accessed through a detergent free process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisandra L Martin
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Vic, Australia
| | - San H Thang
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Vic, Australia
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8
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Reconstitution of Detergent-Solubilized Membrane Proteins into Proteoliposomes and Nanodiscs for Functional and Structural Studies. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2302:21-35. [PMID: 33877620 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1394-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Reconstitution of detergent-solubilized membrane proteins into phospholipid bilayers allows for functional and structural studies under close-to-native conditions that greatly support protein stability and function. Here we outline the detailed steps for membrane protein reconstitution to result in proteoliposomes and nanodiscs. Reconstitution can be achieved via a number of different strategies. The protocols for preparation of proteoliposomes use detergent removal via dialysis or via nonpolar polystyrene beads, or a mixture of the two methods. In this chapter, the protocols for nanodiscs apply polystyrene beads only. Proteoliposome preparation methods allow for substantial control of the lipid-to-protein ratio, from minimal amounts of phospholipid to high concentrations, type of phospholipid, and mixtures of phospholipids. In addition, dialysis affords a fairly large degree of control and variation of parameters such as rate of reconstitution, temperature, buffer conditions, and proteoliposome size. For the nanodisc approach, which is highly advantageous for ensuring equal access to both membrane sides of the protein as well as fast reconstitution of only a single membrane protein into a well-defined bilayer environment in each nanodisc, the protocols outline how a number of these parameters are more restricted in comparison to the proteoliposome protocols.
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9
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Janson K, Zierath J, Kyrilis FL, Semchonok DA, Hamdi F, Skalidis I, Kopf AH, Das M, Kolar C, Rasche M, Vargas C, Keller S, Kastritis PL, Meister A. Solubilization of artificial mitochondrial membranes by amphiphilic copolymers of different charge. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183725. [PMID: 34384757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Certain amphiphilic copolymers form lipid-bilayer nanodiscs from artificial and natural membranes, thereby rendering incorporated membrane proteins optimal for structural analysis. Recent studies have shown that the amphiphilicity of a copolymer strongly determines its solubilization efficiency. This is especially true for highly negatively charged membranes, which experience pronounced Coulombic repulsion with polyanionic polymers. Here, we present a systematic study on the solubilization of artificial multicomponent lipid vesicles that mimic inner mitochondrial membranes, which harbor essential membrane-protein complexes. In particular, we compared the lipid-solubilization efficiencies of established anionic with less densely charged or zwitterionic and even cationic copolymers in low- and high-salt concentrations. The nanodiscs formed under these conditions were characterized by dynamic light scattering and negative-stain electron microscopy, pointing to a bimodal distribution of nanodisc diameters with a considerable fraction of nanodiscs engaging in side-by-side interactions through their polymer rims. Overall, our results show that some recent, zwitterionic copolymers are best suited to solubilize negatively charged membranes at high ionic strengths even at low polymer/lipid ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Janson
- Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Jennifer Zierath
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Fotis L Kyrilis
- Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Dmitry A Semchonok
- Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Farzad Hamdi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Ioannis Skalidis
- Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Adrian H Kopf
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Manabendra Das
- Molecular Biophysics, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK), Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Cenek Kolar
- GLYCON Biochemicals GmbH, Im Biotechnologie Park TGZ 1, 14943 Luckenwalde, Germany
| | - Marie Rasche
- GLYCON Biochemicals GmbH, Im Biotechnologie Park TGZ 1, 14943 Luckenwalde, Germany
| | - Carolyn Vargas
- Molecular Biophysics, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK), Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; Biophysics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences (IMB), NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Humboldtstr. 50/III, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandro Keller
- Molecular Biophysics, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK), Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; Biophysics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences (IMB), NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Humboldtstr. 50/III, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Panagiotis L Kastritis
- Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; Biozentrum, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Annette Meister
- Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
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10
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Guo Y. Detergent-free systems for structural studies of membrane proteins. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1361-1374. [PMID: 34110369 PMCID: PMC8276625 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins play vital roles in living organisms, serving as targets for most currently prescribed drugs. Membrane protein structural biology aims to provide accurate structural information to understand their mechanisms of action. The advance of membrane protein structural biology has primarily relied on detergent-based methods over the past several decades. However, detergent-based approaches have significant drawbacks because detergents often damage the native protein-lipid interactions, which are often crucial for maintaining the natural structure and function of membrane proteins. Detergent-free methods recently have emerged as alternatives with a great promise, e.g. for high-resolution structure determinations of membrane proteins in their native cell membrane lipid environments. This minireview critically examines the current status of detergent-free methods by a comparative analysis of five groups of membrane protein structures determined using detergent-free and detergent-based methods. This analysis reveals that current detergent-free systems, such as the styrene-maleic acid lipid particles (SMALP), the diisobutyl maleic acid lipid particles (DIBMALP), and the cycloalkane-modified amphiphile polymer (CyclAPol) technologies are not better than detergent-based approaches in terms of maintenance of native cell membrane lipids on the transmembrane domain and high-resolution structure determination. However, another detergent-free technology, the native cell membrane nanoparticles (NCMN) system, demonstrated improved maintenance of native cell membrane lipids with the studied membrane proteins, and produced particles that were suitable for high-resolution structural analysis. The ongoing development of new membrane-active polymers and their optimization will facilitate the maturation of these new detergent-free systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhong Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA
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11
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Overduin M, Trieber C, Prosser RS, Picard LP, Sheff JG. Structures and Dynamics of Native-State Transmembrane Protein Targets and Bound Lipids. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:451. [PMID: 34204456 PMCID: PMC8235241 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11060451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins work within asymmetric bilayers of lipid molecules that are critical for their biological structures, dynamics and interactions. These properties are lost when detergents dislodge lipids, ligands and subunits, but are maintained in native nanodiscs formed using styrene maleic acid (SMA) and diisobutylene maleic acid (DIBMA) copolymers. These amphipathic polymers allow extraction of multicomponent complexes of post-translationally modified membrane-bound proteins directly from organ homogenates or membranes from diverse types of cells and organelles. Here, we review the structures and mechanisms of transmembrane targets and their interactions with lipids including phosphoinositides (PIs), as resolved using nanodisc systems and methods including cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). We focus on therapeutic targets including several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), as well as ion channels and transporters that are driving the development of next-generation native nanodiscs. The design of new synthetic polymers and complementary biophysical tools bodes well for the future of drug discovery and structural biology of native membrane:protein assemblies (memteins).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Overduin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada;
| | - Catharine Trieber
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada;
| | - R. Scott Prosser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, UTM, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (R.S.P.); (L.-P.P.)
| | - Louis-Philippe Picard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, UTM, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (R.S.P.); (L.-P.P.)
| | - Joey G. Sheff
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada;
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12
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Brady NG, Workman CE, Cawthon B, Bruce BD, Long BK. Protein Extraction Efficiency and Selectivity of Esterified Styrene-Maleic Acid Copolymers in Thylakoid Membranes. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2544-2553. [PMID: 34038122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic styrene-maleic acid copolymers (SMAs) have been shown to effectively extract membrane proteins surrounded by an annulus of native membrane lipids via the formation of nanodiscs. Recent reports have shown that 2-butoxyethanol-functionalized SMA derivatives promote the extraction of membrane proteins from thylakoid membranes, whereas unfunctionalized SMA is essentially ineffective. However, it is unknown how the extent of functionalization and identity of sidechains impact protein solubilization and specificity. Herein, we show that the monoesterification of an SMA polymer with hydrophobic alkoxy ethoxylate sidechains leads to an increased solubilization efficiency (SE) of trimeric photosystem I (PSI) from the membranes of cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus. The specific SMA polymer used in this study, PRO 10235, cannot encapsulate single PSI trimers from this cyanobacterium; however, as it is functionalized with alkoxy ethoxylates of increasing alkoxy chain length, a clear increase in the trimeric PSI SE is observed. Furthermore, an exponential increase in the SE is observed when >50% of the maleic acid repeat units are monoesterified with long alkoxy ethoxylates, suggesting that the PSI extraction mechanism is highly dependent on both the number and length of the attached side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan G Brady
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996-1939, Tennessee, United States
| | - Cameron E Workman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996-1600, Tennessee, United States
| | - Bridgie Cawthon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996-0840, Tennessee, United States
| | - Barry D Bruce
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996-1939, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996-0840, Tennessee, United States
| | - Brian K Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996-1600, Tennessee, United States
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Brown CJ, Trieber C, Overduin M. Structural biology of endogenous membrane protein assemblies in native nanodiscs. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2021; 69:70-77. [PMID: 33915422 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The advent of amphiphilic copolymers enables integral membrane proteins to be solubilized into stable 10-30 nm native nanodiscs to resolve their multisubunit structures, post-translational modifications, endogenous lipid bilayers, and small molecule ligands. This breakthrough has positioned biological membrane:protein assemblies (memteins) as fundamental functional units of cellular membranes. Herein, we review copolymer design strategies and methods for the characterization of transmembrane proteins within native nanodiscs by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), transmission electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction, surface plasmon resonance, and mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanelle J Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA
| | - Catharine Trieber
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Michael Overduin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada.
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Lemieux MJ, Overduin M. Structure and function of proteins in membranes and nanodiscs. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1863:183445. [PMID: 32841614 PMCID: PMC7443088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The field of membrane structural biology represents a fast-moving field with exciting developments including native nanodiscs that allow preparation of complexes of post-translationally modified proteins bound to biological lipids. This has led to conceptual advances including biological membrane:protein assemblies or “memteins” as the fundamental functional units of biological membranes. Tools including cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography are maturing such that it is becoming increasingly feasible to solve structures of large, multicomponent complexes, while complementary methods including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy yield unique insights into interactions and dynamics. Challenges remain, including elucidating exactly how lipids and ligands are recognized at atomic resolution and transduce signals across asymmetric bilayers. In this special volume some of the latest thinking and methods are gathered through the analysis of a range of transmembrane targets. Ongoing work on areas including polymer design, protein labelling and microfluidic technologies will ensure continued progress on improving resolution and throughput, providing deeper understanding of this most important group of targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Joanne Lemieux
- Department of Biochemistry, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Michael Overduin
- Department of Biochemistry, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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