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Maleš P, Nikšić-Franjić I, Wang A, Pem B, Bakarić D. Optical and molecular features of negatively curved surfaces created by POPE lipids: A crucial role of the initial conditions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 317:124462. [PMID: 38754204 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Membrane fusion is closely related to plasma membrane domains rich in cone-shaped phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) lipids that can reverse membrane curvature under certain conditions. The phase transition of PE-based lipid membranes from the lamellar fluid phase (Lα) to the inverse hexagonal phase (HII) is commonly taken as a general model in reconstructing the membrane fusion pathway, and whose structural features have been mostly described so far using structural and microscopic techniques. The aim of this paper is to decipher the optical and molecular features of Lβ → Lα and especially of Lα → HII transition of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE) lipids at pH = 7.0 when they are initially prepared in the form of both multi- and unilamellar liposomes (MLVs and LUVs). The distinction between optical properties of MLS- and LUVs-derived HII phase, provided from turbidity-sensitive temperature-dependent UV-Vis spectra, was attributed to different formation mechanisms of HII phase. Most importantly, from FTIR spectroscopic data of POPE lipids in Lβ (15 °C), Lα (50 °C) and HII (85 °C) phases we identified the changes in molecular features of POPE lipids during phase transitions. Among the latter, by far the most significant is different hydration pattern of POPE lipids in MLVs- and LUVs-derived HII phase which extends from the polar-apolar interface all the way to the terminal amino group of the POPE lipid, along with the changes in the conformation of glycerol backbone as evidenced by the signature of α-methylene groups. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed higher water penetration in HII phase and provided insight into hydrogen bonding patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Maleš
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Nikšić-Franjić
- School of Science, Constructor University, Bremen GmbH, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Anna Wang
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for Astrobiology, and ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Bedegal Country, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Barbara Pem
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danijela Bakarić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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2
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Mazahir F, Yadav AK. Recent progress in engineered extracellular vesicles and their biomedical applications. Life Sci 2024; 350:122747. [PMID: 38797364 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To present the recent update on the isolation, engineering techniques for extracellular vesicles, limitations associated with different isolation techniques, different biomedical applications, and challenges of engineered extracellular vesicles for the benefit of researchers from academic, industry, etc. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peer-reviewed articles from most recognized journals were collected, and presented information was analyzed to discuss collection, chemical, electroporation, cellular, and membrane surface engineering to design extracellular vesicles for various therapeutic applications. In addition, we present the applications and limitations of techniques for the collection of extracellular vesicles. KEY FINDINGS There is a need for isolation techniques with the gold standard. However, advanced extracellular vesicle isolation techniques showed improved recovery, and purity of extracellular vesicles. Tumor therapy is a major part of the therapy section that illustrates the role of engineered extracellular vesicles in synergetic therapy such as phototherapy, theragnostic, and delivery of genetic materials. In addition, extracellular vesicles have shown their potential in the treatment of retinal disorders, neurodegenerative disease, tuberculosis, osteoporosis, inflammatory bowel disease, vaccine production, and wound healing. SIGNIFICANCE Engineered extracellular vesicles can deliver cargo to the specific cells, elicit an immune response and could be used for the development of the vaccines in the future. However, the progress is at the initial stage. Overall, this review will provide a comprehensive understanding and could serve as a reference for researchers in the clinical translation of engineered extracellular vesicles in different biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Mazahir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Raebareli, A Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Bijnor, Lucknow-226002, India
| | - Awesh K Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Raebareli, A Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Bijnor, Lucknow-226002, India.
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3
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Kinnun JJ, Carrillo JMY, Collier CP, Smith MD, Katsaras J. Amantadine interactions with phase separated lipid membranes. Chem Phys Lipids 2024; 262:105397. [PMID: 38740276 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Amantadine, a small amphilphic organic compound that consists of an adamantane backbone and an amino group, was first recognized as an antiviral in 1963 and received approval for prophylaxis against the type A influenza virus in 1976. Since then, it has also been used to treat Parkinson's disease-related dyskinesia and is being considered as a treatment for corona viruses. Since amantadine usually targets membrane-bound proteins, its interactions with the membrane are also thought to be important. Biological membranes are now widely understood to be laterally heterogeneous and certain proteins are known to preferentially co-localize within specific lipid domains. Does amantadine, therefore, preferentially localize in certain lipid composition domains? To address this question, we studied amantadine's interactions with phase separating membranes composed of cholesterol, DSPC (1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine), and DOPC (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), as well as single-phase DPhPC (1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phos-phocholine) membranes. From Langmuir trough and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, we determined, respectively, that amantadine preferentially binds to disordered lipids, such as POPC, and lowers the phase transition temperature of POPC/DSPC/cholesterol mixtures, implying that amantadine increases membrane disorder. Further, using droplet interface bilayers (DIBs), we observed that amantadine disrupts DPhPC membranes, consistent with its disordering properties. Finally, we carried out molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on POPC/DSPC/cholesterol membranes with varying amounts of amantadine. Consistent with experiment, MD simulations showed that amantadine prefers to associate with disordered POPC-rich domains, domain boundaries, and lipid glycerol backbones. Since different proteins co-localize with different lipid domains, our results have possible implications as to which classes of proteins may be better targets for amantadine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Kinnun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States.
| | - Jan Michael Y Carrillo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States
| | - C Patrick Collier
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States
| | - Micholas Dean Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States; UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States
| | - John Katsaras
- Labs and Soft Matter Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States; Shull-Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States.
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4
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Quadri Z, Elsherbini A, Crivelli SM, El-Amouri SS, Tripathi P, Zhu Z, Ren X, Zhang L, Spassieva SD, Nikolova-Karakashian M, Bieberich E. Ceramide-mediated orchestration of oxidative stress response through filopodia-derived small extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12477. [PMID: 38988257 PMCID: PMC11237349 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are shed from the plasma membrane, but the regulation and function of these EVs remain unclear. We found that oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in Hela cells stimulated filopodia formation and the secretion of EVs. EVs were small (150 nm) and labeled for CD44, indicating that they were derived from filopodia. Filopodia-derived small EVs (sEVs) were enriched with the sphingolipid ceramide, consistent with increased ceramide in the plasma membrane of filopodia. Ceramide was colocalized with neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) and acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), two sphingomyelinases generating ceramide at the plasma membrane. Inhibition of nSMase2 and ASM prevented oxidative stress-induced sEV shedding but only nSMase2 inhibition prevented filopodia formation. nSMase2 was S-palmitoylated and interacted with ASM in filopodia to generate ceramide for sEV shedding. sEVs contained nSMase2 and ASM and decreased the level of these two enzymes in oxidatively stressed Hela cells. A novel metabolic labeling technique for EVs showed that oxidative stress induced secretion of fluorescent sEVs labeled with NBD-ceramide. NBD-ceramide-labeled sEVs transported ceramide to mitochondria, ultimately inducing cell death in a proportion of neuronal (N2a) cells. In conclusion, using Hela cells we provide evidence that oxidative stress induces interaction of nSMase2 and ASM at filopodia, which leads to shedding of ceramide-rich sEVs that target mitochondria and propagate cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainuddin Quadri
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ahmed Elsherbini
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Simone M Crivelli
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Salim S El-Amouri
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Priyanka Tripathi
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Zhihui Zhu
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Xiaojia Ren
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Stefka D Spassieva
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Erhard Bieberich
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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5
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Winnikoff JR, Milshteyn D, Vargas-Urbano SJ, Pedraza-Joya MA, Armando AM, Quehenberger O, Sodt A, Gillilan RE, Dennis EA, Lyman E, Haddock SHD, Budin I. Homeocurvature adaptation of phospholipids to pressure in deep-sea invertebrates. Science 2024; 384:1482-1488. [PMID: 38935710 DOI: 10.1126/science.adm7607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Hydrostatic pressure increases with depth in the ocean, but little is known about the molecular bases of biological pressure tolerance. We describe a mode of pressure adaptation in comb jellies (ctenophores) that also constrains these animals' depth range. Structural analysis of deep-sea ctenophore lipids shows that they form a nonbilayer phase at pressures under which the phase is not typically stable. Lipidomics and all-atom simulations identified phospholipids with strong negative spontaneous curvature, including plasmalogens, as a hallmark of deep-adapted membranes that causes this phase behavior. Synthesis of plasmalogens enhanced pressure tolerance in Escherichia coli, whereas low-curvature lipids had the opposite effect. Imaging of ctenophore tissues indicated that the disintegration of deep-sea animals when decompressed could be driven by a phase transition in their phospholipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Winnikoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Daniel Milshteyn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | - Aaron M Armando
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego Health Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Oswald Quehenberger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego Health Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alexander Sodt
- Unit on Membrane Chemical Physics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard E Gillilan
- Center for High-Energy X-ray Sciences, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego Health Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Edward Lyman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Steven H D Haddock
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Itay Budin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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6
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Kondrashov OV, Akimov SA. Gramicidin A as a mechanical sensor for mixed nonideal lipid membranes. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:064404. [PMID: 39020903 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.064404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Gramicidin A (gA) is a short hydrophobic β-helical peptide that forms cation-selective channels in lipid membranes in the course of transbilayer dimerization. The length of the gA helix is smaller than the thickness of a typical lipid monolayer. Consequently, elastic deformations of the membrane arise in the configurations of gA monomers, conducting dimer, and the intermediate state of coaxial pair, where gA monomers from opposing membrane monolayers are located one on top of the other. The gA channel is characterized by the average lifetime of the conducting state. The elastic properties of the membrane influence the average lifetime, thus making gA a convenient sensor of membrane elasticity. However, the utilization of gA to investigate the elastic properties of mixed membranes comprising two or more components frequently relies on the assumption of ideality, namely that the elastic parameters of mixed-lipid bilayers depend linearly on the concentrations of the components. Here, we developed a general approach that does not rely on the aforementioned assumption. Instead, we explicitly accounted for the possibility of inhomogeneous lateral distribution of all lipid components, as well as for membrane-mediated lateral interactions of gA monomers, dimer, coaxial pair, and minor lipid components. This approach enabled us to derive unknown elastic parameters of lipid monolayer from experimentally determined lifetimes of gA channel in mixed-lipid bilayers. A general algorithm was formulated that allows the unknown elastic parameters of a lipid monolayer to be obtained using gA as a mechanical sensor.
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7
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Heller WT. Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Study of a Phosphatidylcholine-Phosphatidylethanolamine Mixture. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:33755-33762. [PMID: 37744859 PMCID: PMC10515593 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The properties of single-component phospholipid lipid bilayers have been extensively characterized. Natural cell membranes are not so simple, consisting of a diverse mixture of lipids and proteins. While having detailed structural information on complex membranes would be useful for understanding their structure and function, experimentally characterizing such membranes at a level of detail applied to model phospholipid bilayers is challenging. Here, small-angle neutron scattering with selective deuteration was used to characterize a binary lipid mixture composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-3-sn-glycero-phosphatidylcholine and 1,2-dimyristoyl-3-sn-glycero-phosphatidylethanolamine. The data analysis provided the area per lipid in each leaflet as well as the asymmetry of the composition of the inner and outer leaflets of the bilayer. The results provide new insight into the structure of the lipid bilayer when this lipid mixture is used to prepare vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T. Heller
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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8
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Venkatraman K, Lee CT, Garcia GC, Mahapatra A, Milshteyn D, Perkins G, Kim KY, Pasolli HA, Phan S, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Ellisman MH, Rangamani P, Budin I. Cristae formation is a mechanical buckling event controlled by the inner membrane lipidome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.13.532310. [PMID: 36993370 PMCID: PMC10054968 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.13.532310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Cristae are high curvature structures in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) that are crucial for ATP production. While cristae-shaping proteins have been defined, analogous mechanisms for lipids have yet to be elucidated. Here we combine experimental lipidome dissection with multi-scale modeling to investigate how lipid interactions dictate IMM morphology and ATP generation. When modulating phospholipid (PL) saturation in engineered yeast strains, we observed a surprisingly abrupt breakpoint in IMM topology driven by a continuous loss of ATP synthase organization at cristae ridges. We found that cardiolipin (CL) specifically buffers the IMM against curvature loss, an effect that is independent of ATP synthase dimerization. To explain this interaction, we developed a continuum model for cristae tubule formation that integrates both lipid and protein-mediated curvatures. The model highlighted a snapthrough instability, which drives IMM collapse upon small changes in membrane properties. We also showed that CL is essential in low oxygen conditions that promote PL saturation. These results demonstrate that the mechanical function of CL is dependent on the surrounding lipid and protein components of the IMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Venkatraman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Christopher T Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Guadalupe C Garcia
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla CA 92097
| | - Arijit Mahapatra
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Daniel Milshteyn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Guy Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Keun-Young Kim
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - H Amalia Pasolli
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn VA 20147
| | - Sebastien Phan
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | | | - Mark H Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Itay Budin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Lead contact
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9
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Frewein MPK, Piller P, Semeraro EF, Czakkel O, Gerelli Y, Porcar L, Pabst G. Distributing aminophospholipids asymmetrically across leaflets causes anomalous membrane stiffening. Biophys J 2023; 122:2445-2455. [PMID: 37120716 PMCID: PMC10322881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the mechanical leaflet coupling of prototypic mammalian plasma membranes using neutron spin-echo spectroscopy. In particular, we examined a series of asymmetric phospholipid vesicles with phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin enriched in the outer leaflet and inner leaflets composed of phosphatidylethanolamine/phosphatidylserine mixtures. The bending rigidities of most asymmetric membranes were anomalously high, exceeding even those of symmetric membranes formed from their cognate leaflets. Only asymmetric vesicles with outer leaflets enriched in sphingolipid displayed bending rigidities in conformity with these symmetric controls. We performed complementary small-angle neutron and x-ray experiments on the same vesicles to examine possible links to structural coupling mechanisms, which would show up in corresponding changes in membrane thickness. In addition, we estimated differential stress between leaflets originating either from a mismatch of their lateral areas or spontaneous curvatures. However, no correlation with asymmetry-induced membrane stiffening was observed. To reconcile our findings, we speculate that an asymmetric distribution of charged or H-bond forming lipids may induce an intraleaflet coupling, which increases the weight of hard undulatory modes of membrane fluctuations and hence the overall membrane stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz P K Frewein
- Biophysics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria; Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, Graz, Austria
| | - Paulina Piller
- Biophysics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, Graz, Austria
| | - Enrico F Semeraro
- Biophysics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Yuri Gerelli
- CNR Institute for Complex Systems, Uos Sapienza, Roma, Italy; Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Georg Pabst
- Biophysics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, Graz, Austria.
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10
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Piller P, Semeraro EF, Rechberger GN, Keller S, Pabst G. Allosteric modulation of integral protein activity by differential stress in asymmetric membranes. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad126. [PMID: 37143864 PMCID: PMC10153742 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The activity of integral membrane proteins is tightly coupled to the properties of the surrounding lipid matrix. In particular, transbilayer asymmetry, a hallmark of all plasma membranes, might be exploited to control membrane-protein activity. Here, we hypothesized that the membrane-embedded enzyme outer membrane phospholipase A (OmpLA) is susceptible to the lateral pressure differences that build up between such asymmetric membrane leaflets. Upon reconstituting OmpLA into synthetic, chemically well-defined phospholipid bilayers exhibiting different lateral pressure profiles, we indeed observed a substantial decrease in the enzyme's hydrolytic activity with increasing membrane asymmetry. No such effects were observed in symmetric mixtures of the same lipids. To quantitatively rationalize how the differential stress in asymmetric lipid bilayers inhibits OmpLA, we developed a simple allosteric model within the lateral pressure framework. Thus, we find that membrane asymmetry can serve as the dominant factor in controlling membrane-protein activity, even in the absence of specific, chemical cues or other physical membrane determinants such as hydrophobic mismatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Piller
- Biophysics, Institute of Molecular Bioscience (IMB), NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth—University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Enrico F Semeraro
- Biophysics, Institute of Molecular Bioscience (IMB), NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth—University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Gerald N Rechberger
- Field of Excellence BioHealth—University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
- Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Bioscience (IMB), NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
- Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Sandro Keller
- Biophysics, Institute of Molecular Bioscience (IMB), NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth—University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
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11
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Kwarteng DO, Gangoda M, Kooijman EE. The effect of methylated phosphatidylethanolamine derivatives on the ionization properties of signaling phosphatidic acid. Biophys Chem 2023; 296:107005. [PMID: 36934676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and Phosphatidylcholine (PC) are the most abundant glycerophospholipids in eukaryotic membranes. The differences in the physicochemical properties of their headgroups have contrasting modulatory effects on their interaction with intracellular macromolecules. As such, their overall impact on membrane structure and function differs significantly. Enzymatic methylation of PE's amine headgroup produces two methylated derivatives namely monomethyl PE (MMPE) and dimethyl PE (DMPE) which have physicochemical properties that generally range between that of PE and PC. Additionally, their influence on membrane properties differs from both PE and PC. Although variations in headgroup methylation have been reported to affect signaling pathways, the direct influence that these differences exert on the ionization properties of signaling phospholipids have not been investigated. Here, we briefly review membrane function and structure that are mediated by the differences in headgroup methylation between PE, MMPE, DMPE and PC. In addition, using 31P MAS NMR, we investigate the effect of these four phospholipids on the ionization properties of the ubiquitous signaling anionic lipid phosphatidic acid (PA). Our results show that PA's ionization properties are differentially affected by changes in phospholipid headgroup methylation. This could have important implications for PA-protein binding and hence physiological functions in cells where signaling events lead to changes in abundance of methylated PE derivatives in the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Owusu Kwarteng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, P.O. Box 5190, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
| | - Mahinda Gangoda
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Kent State University, P.O. Box 5190, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Edgar E Kooijman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, P.O. Box 5190, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
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Lipids in Mitochondrial Macroautophagy: Phase Behavior of Bilayers Containing Cardiolipin and Ceramide. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065080. [PMID: 36982156 PMCID: PMC10049649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a key lipid for damaged mitochondrial recognition by the LC3/GABARAP human autophagy proteins. The role of ceramide (Cer) in this process is unclear, but CL and Cer have been proposed to coexist in mitochondria under certain conditions. Varela et al. showed that in model membranes composed of egg sphingomyelin (eSM), dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), and CL, the addition of Cer enhanced the binding of LC3/GABARAP proteins to bilayers. Cer gave rise to lateral phase separation of Cer-rich rigid domains but protein binding took place mainly in the fluid continuous phase. In the present study, a biophysical analysis of bilayers composed of eSM, DOPE, CL, and/or Cer was attempted to understand the relevance of this lipid coexistence. Bilayers were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, confocal fluorescence microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Upon the addition of CL and Cer, one continuous phase and two segregated ones were formed. In bilayers with egg phosphatidylcholine instead of eSM, in which the binding of LC3/GABARAP proteins hardly increased with Cer in the former study, a single segregated phase was formed. Assuming that phase separation at the nanoscale is ruled by the same principles acting at the micrometer scale, it is proposed that Cer-enriched rigid nanodomains, stabilized by eSM:Cer interactions formed within the DOPE- and CL-enriched fluid phase, result in structural defects at the rigid/fluid nanointerfaces, thus hypothetically facilitatingLC3/GABARAP protein interaction.
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Kalutskii MA, Galimzyanov TR, Pinigin KV. Determination of elastic parameters of lipid membranes from simulation under varied external pressure. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:024414. [PMID: 36932616 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.024414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Many cellular processes such as endocytosis, exocytosis, and vesicle trafficking involve membrane deformations, which can be analyzed in the framework of the elastic theories of lipid membranes. These models operate with phenomenological elastic parameters. A connection between these parameters and the internal structure of lipid membranes can be provided by three-dimensional (3D) elastic theories. Considering a membrane as a 3D layer, Campelo et al. [F. Campelo et al., Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 208, 25 (2014)10.1016/j.cis.2014.01.018] developed a theoretical basis for the calculation of elastic parameters. In this work we generalize and improve this approach by considering a more general condition of global incompressibility instead of local incompressibility. Crucially, we find an important correction to the theory of Campelo et al., which if not taken into account leads to a significant miscalculation of elastic parameters. With the total volume conservation taken into account, we derive an expression for the local Poisson's ratio, which determines how the local volume changes upon stretching and permits a more precise determination of elastic parameters. Also, we substantially simplify the procedure by calculating the derivatives of the moments of the local tension with respect to stretching instead of calculating the local stretching modulus. We obtain a relation between the Gaussian curvature modulus as a function of stretching and the bending modulus, showing that these two elastic parameters are not independent, as was previously assumed. The proposed algorithm is applied to membranes composed of pure dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC), and their mixture. The following elastic parameters of these systems are obtained: the monolayer bending and stretching moduli, spontaneous curvature, neutral surface position, and local Poisson's ratio. It is shown that the bending modulus of the DPPC/DOPC mixture follows a more complex trend than predicted by the classical Reuss averaging, which is often employed in theoretical frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim A Kalutskii
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow 119071, Russia
- Department of Theoretical Physics and Quantum Technologies, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS," 4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur R Galimzyanov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow 119071, Russia
- Department of Theoretical Physics and Quantum Technologies, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS," 4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Pinigin
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow 119071, Russia
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Wang J, Keshava S, Das K, Kolesnick R, Jiang XC, Pendurthi UR, Rao LVM. Alterations to Sphingomyelin Metabolism Affect Hemostasis and Thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:64-78. [PMID: 36412194 PMCID: PMC9762718 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our recent studies suggest that sphingomyelin levels in the plasma membrane influence TF (tissue factor) procoagulant activity. The current study was performed to investigate how alterations to sphingomyelin metabolic pathway would affect TF procoagulant activity and thereby affect hemostatic and thrombotic processes. METHODS Macrophages and endothelial cells were transfected with specific siRNAs or infected with adenoviral vectors to alter sphingomyelin levels in the membrane. TF activity was measured in factor X activation assay. Saphenous vein incision-induced bleeding and the inferior vena cava ligation-induced flow restriction mouse models were used to evaluate hemostasis and thrombosis, respectively. RESULTS Overexpression of SMS (sphingomyelin synthase) 1 or SMS2 in human monocyte-derived macrophages suppresses ATP-stimulated TF procoagulant activity, whereas silencing SMS1 or SMS2 increases the basal cell surface TF activity to the same level as of ATP-decrypted TF activity. Consistent with the concept that sphingomyelin metabolism influences TF procoagulant activity, silencing of acid sphingomyelinase or neutral sphingomyelinase 2 or 3 attenuates ATP-induced enhanced TF procoagulant activity in macrophages and endothelial cells. Niemann-Pick disease fibroblasts with a higher concentration of sphingomyelin exhibited lower TF activity compared with wild-type fibroblasts. In vivo studies revealed that LPS+ATP-induced TF activity and thrombin generation were attenuated in ASMase-/- mice, while their levels were increased in SMS2-/- mice. Further studies revealed that acid sphingomyelinase deficiency leads to impaired hemostasis, whereas SMS2 deficiency increases thrombotic risk. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data indicate that alterations in sphingomyelin metabolism would influence TF procoagulant activity and affect hemostatic and thrombotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler (J.W., S.K., K.D., U.R.P., L.V.M.R.)
| | - Shiva Keshava
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler (J.W., S.K., K.D., U.R.P., L.V.M.R.)
| | - Kaushik Das
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler (J.W., S.K., K.D., U.R.P., L.V.M.R.)
| | | | | | - Usha R Pendurthi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler (J.W., S.K., K.D., U.R.P., L.V.M.R.)
| | - L Vijaya Mohan Rao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler (J.W., S.K., K.D., U.R.P., L.V.M.R.)
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15
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Tenchov R, Sasso JM, Wang X, Liaw WS, Chen CA, Zhou QA. Exosomes─Nature's Lipid Nanoparticles, a Rising Star in Drug Delivery and Diagnostics. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17802-17846. [PMID: 36354238 PMCID: PMC9706680 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are a subgroup of nanosized extracellular vesicles enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane and secreted by most eukaryotic cells. They represent a route of intercellular communication and participate in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. The biological roles of exosomes rely on their bioactive cargos, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, which are delivered to target cells. Their distinctive properties─innate stability, low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, and good biomembrane penetration capacity─allow them to function as superior natural nanocarriers for efficient drug delivery. Another notably favorable clinical application of exosomes is in diagnostics. They hold various biomolecules from host cells, which are indicative of pathophysiological conditions; therefore, they are considered vital for biomarker discovery in clinical diagnostics. Here, we use data from the CAS Content Collection and provide a landscape overview of the current state and delineate trends in research advancement on exosome applications in therapeutics and diagnostics across time, geography, composition, cargo loading, and development pipelines. We discuss exosome composition and pathway, from their biogenesis and secretion from host cells to recipient cell uptake. We assess methods for exosome isolation and purification, their clinical applications in therapy and diagnostics, their development pipelines, the exploration goals of the companies, the assortment of diseases they aim to treat, development stages of their research, and publication trends. We hope this review will be useful for understanding the current knowledge in the field of medical applications of exosomes, in an effort to further solve the remaining challenges in fulfilling their potential.
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16
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Pinigin KV. Determination of Elastic Parameters of Lipid Membranes with Molecular Dynamics: A Review of Approaches and Theoretical Aspects. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12111149. [PMID: 36422141 PMCID: PMC9692374 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipid membranes are abundant in living organisms, where they constitute a surrounding shell for cells and their organelles. There are many circumstances in which the deformations of lipid membranes are involved in living cells: fusion and fission, membrane-mediated interaction between membrane inclusions, lipid-protein interaction, formation of pores, etc. In all of these cases, elastic parameters of lipid membranes are important for the description of membrane deformations, as these parameters determine energy barriers and characteristic times of membrane-involved phenomena. Since the development of molecular dynamics (MD), a variety of in silico methods have been proposed for the determination of elastic parameters of simulated lipid membranes. These MD methods allow for the consideration of details unattainable in experimental techniques and represent a distinct scientific field, which is rapidly developing. This work provides a review of these MD approaches with a focus on theoretical aspects. Two main challenges are identified: (i) the ambiguity in the transition from the continuum description of elastic theories to the discrete representation of MD simulations, and (ii) the determination of intrinsic elastic parameters of lipid mixtures, which is complicated due to the composition-curvature coupling effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin V Pinigin
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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17
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Lessen HJ, Sapp KC, Beaven AH, Ashkar R, Sodt AJ. Molecular mechanisms of spontaneous curvature and softening in complex lipid bilayer mixtures. Biophys J 2022; 121:3188-3199. [PMID: 35927953 PMCID: PMC9463698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane reshaping is an essential biological process. The chemical composition of lipid membranes determines their mechanical properties and thus the energetics of their shape. Hundreds of distinct lipid species make up native bilayers, and this diversity complicates efforts to uncover what compositional factors drive membrane stability in cells. Simplifying assumptions, therefore, are used to generate quantitative predictions of bilayer dynamics based on lipid composition. One assumption commonly used is that "per lipid" mechanical properties are both additive and constant-that they are an intrinsic property of lipids independent of the surrounding composition. Related to this is the assumption that lipid bulkiness, or "shape," determines its curvature preference, independently of context. In this study, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations on three separate multilipid systems were used to explicitly test these assumptions, applying methodology recently developed to isolate properties of single lipids or nanometer-scale patches of lipids. The curvature preference experienced by populations of lipid conformations were inferred from their redistribution on a dynamically fluctuating bilayer. Representative populations were extracted by both structural similarity and semi-automated hidden Markov model analysis. The curvature preferences of lipid dimers were then determined and compared with an additive model that combines the monomer curvature preference of both the individual lipids. In all three systems, we identified conformational subpopulations of lipid dimers that showed non-additive curvature preference, in each case mediated by a special chemical interaction (e.g., hydrogen bonding). Our study highlights the importance of specific chemical interactions between lipids in multicomponent bilayers and the impact of interactions on bilayer stiffness. We identify two mechanisms of bilayer softening: diffusional softening, driven by the dynamic coupling between lipid distributions and membrane undulations, and conformational softening, driven by the inter-conversion between distinct dimeric conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J Lessen
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kayla C Sapp
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andrew H Beaven
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Postdoctoral Research Associate Program, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rana Ashkar
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Alexander J Sodt
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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18
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Pavlic A, Bahram Sangani N, Kerins J, Nicolaes G, Schurgers L, Reutelingsperger C. Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2 in the Release of Exosomes and Vascular Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169178. [PMID: 36012444 PMCID: PMC9409231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is the pathological precipitation of calcium salts in the walls of blood vessels. It is a risk factor for cardiovascular events and their associated mortality. VC can be observed in a variety of cardiovascular diseases and is most prominent in diseases that are associated with dysregulated mineral homeostasis such as in chronic kidney disease. Local factors and mechanisms underlying VC are still incompletely understood, but it is appreciated that VC is a multifactorial process in which vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play an important role. VSMCs participate in VC by releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs), the extent, composition, and propensity to calcify of which depend on VSMC phenotype and microenvironment. Currently, no targeted therapy is available to treat VC. In-depth knowledge of molecular players of EV release and the understanding of their mechanisms constitute a vital foundation for the design of pharmacological treatments to combat VC effectively. This review highlights our current knowledge of VSMCs in VC and focuses on the biogenesis of exosomes and the role of the neutral Sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Pavlic
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nasim Bahram Sangani
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Kerins
- University College Maastricht, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerry Nicolaes
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leon Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Reutelingsperger
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-43-388-1533
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Zhang F, Richter G, Bourgeois B, Spreitzer E, Moser A, Keilbach A, Kotnik P, Madl T. A General Small-Angle X-ray Scattering-Based Screening Protocol for Studying Physical Stability of Protein Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:69. [PMID: 35056965 PMCID: PMC8778066 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental step in developing a protein drug is the selection of a stable storage formulation that ensures efficacy of the drug and inhibits physiochemical degradation or aggregation. Here, we designed and evaluated a general workflow for screening of protein formulations based on small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Our SAXS pipeline combines automated sample handling, temperature control, and fast data analysis and provides protein particle interaction information. SAXS, together with different methods including turbidity analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and SDS-PAGE measurements, were used to obtain different parameters to provide high throughput screenings. Using a set of model proteins and biopharmaceuticals, we show that SAXS is complementary to dynamic light scattering (DLS), which is widely used in biopharmaceutical research and industry. We found that, compared to DLS, SAXS can provide a more sensitive measure for protein particle interactions, such as protein aggregation and repulsion. Moreover, we show that SAXS is compatible with a broader range of buffers, excipients, and protein concentrations and that in situ SAXS provides a sensitive measure for long-term protein stability. This workflow can enable future high-throughput analysis of proteins and biopharmaceuticals and can be integrated with well-established complementary physicochemical analysis pipelines in (biopharmaceutical) research and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangrong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China;
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.R.); (B.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Gesa Richter
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.R.); (B.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Benjamin Bourgeois
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.R.); (B.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Emil Spreitzer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.R.); (B.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Armin Moser
- Anton Paar GmbH, 8054 Graz, Austria; (A.M.); (A.K.); (P.K.)
| | | | - Petra Kotnik
- Anton Paar GmbH, 8054 Graz, Austria; (A.M.); (A.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.R.); (B.B.); (E.S.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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20
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Kondrashov OV, Rokitskaya TI, Batishchev OV, Kotova EA, Antonenko YN, Akimov SA. Peptide-induced membrane elastic deformations decelerate gramicidin dimer-monomer equilibration. Biophys J 2021; 120:5309-5321. [PMID: 34715080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gramicidin A (gA) is a hydrophobic pentadecapeptide readily incorporating into a planar bilayer lipid membrane (BLM), thereby inducing a large macroscopic current across the BLM. This current results from ion-channel formation due to head-to-head transbilayer dimerization of gA monomers with rapidly established monomer-dimer equilibrium. Any disturbance of the equilibrium, e.g., by sensitized photoinactivation of a portion of gA monomers, causes relaxation toward a new equilibrium state. According to previous studies, the characteristic relaxation time of the gA-mediated electric current decreases as the current increases upon elevating the gA concentration in the membrane. Here, we report data on the current relaxation kinetics for gA analogs with N-terminal valine replaced by glycine or tyrosine. Surprisingly, the relaxation time increased rather than decreased upon elevation of the total membrane conductance induced by these gA analogs, thus contradicting the classical kinetic scheme. We developed a general theoretical model that accounts for lateral interaction of monomers and dimers mediated by membrane elastic deformations. The modified kinetic scheme of the gramicidin dimerization predicts the reverse dependence of the relaxation time on membrane conductance for gA analogs, with a decreased dimerization constant that is in a good agreement with our experimental data. The equilibration process may be also modulated by incorporation of other peptides ("impurities") into the lipid membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V Kondrashov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana I Rokitskaya
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V Batishchev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A Kotova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri N Antonenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sergey A Akimov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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