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Wong CHM, Ko ICH, Ng CF. Liquid biomarkers in prostate cancer: recent advancements and future directions. Curr Opin Urol 2024:00042307-990000000-00158. [PMID: 38712633 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000001188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Traditional diagnostic approaches of prostate cancer like PSA are limited by high false-positive rates and insufficient capture of tumour heterogeneity, necessitating the development of more precise tools. This review examines the latest advancements in liquid biomarkers for prostate cancer, focusing on their potential to refine diagnostic accuracy and monitor disease progression. RECENT FINDINGS Liquid biomarkers have gained prominence because of their minimally invasive nature and ability to reflect the molecular characteristics of prostate cancer. Circulating tumour cells provide insight into tumour cell dissemination and are indicative of aggressive disease phenotypes, with single-cell analyses revealing genomic instability and treatment resistance. Circulating tumour DNA offers real-time tumour genomic information, aiding in treatment decision-making in advanced prostate cancer, where it has been associated with clinical progression. MicroRNAs act as oncogenes or tumour suppressors and exhibit diagnostic and prognostic potential; however, their clinical utility is constrained by the lack of consistent validation. Extracellular vesicles contain tumour-derived biomolecules, with specific proteins demonstrating prognostic relevance. Applications of these markers to urinary testing have been demonstrated. SUMMARY Liquid biomarkers show potential in refining prostate cancer management. Future research should aim to integrate these biomarkers into a cohesive framework in line with precision medicine principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Ho-Ming Wong
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Chen H, Pang B, Zhou C, Han M, Gong J, Li Y, Jiang J. Prostate cancer-derived small extracellular vesicle proteins: the hope in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:480. [PMID: 38093355 PMCID: PMC10720096 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Current diagnostic tools for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis and risk stratification are insufficient. The hidden onset and poor efficacy of traditional therapies against metastatic PCa make this disease a heavy burden in global men's health. Prostate cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (PCDEVs) have garnered attention in recent years due to their important role in communications in tumor microenvironment. Recent advancements have demonstrated PCDEVs proteins play an important role in PCa invasion, progression, metastasis, therapeutic resistance, and immune escape. In this review, we briefly discuss the applications of sEV proteins in PCa diagnosis and prognosis in liquid biopsy, focus on the roles of the PCa-derived small EVs (sEVs) proteins in tumor microenvironment associated with cancer progression, and explore the therapeutic potential of sEV proteins applied for future metastatic PCa therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Chen
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bairen Pang
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Han
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gong
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia.
- School of Clinical Medicine, St. George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Junhui Jiang
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Urology, Ningbo First Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315600, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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