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Liu Y, Wu C, Chen N, Li Y, Fan C, Zhao S, Bai T, Zhao Z, Chen J, Su S, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Zhu Z. PD-1 Blockade Restores the Proliferation of Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte and Inhibits Lymphocyte Apoptosis in a BALB/c Mouse Model of CP BVDV Acute Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:727254. [PMID: 34552590 PMCID: PMC8450576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.727254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute infection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is associated with immune dysfunction and can cause peripheral blood lymphopenia and lymphocyte apoptosis. Our previous study has confirmed that programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade inhibits peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) apoptosis and restores proliferation and anti-viral immune functions of lymphocytes after BVDV infection in vitro. However, the situation in vivo remains to be further studied and confirmed. Therefore, in this study, we established a BALB/c mouse model of acute BVDV infection with cytopathic (CP) BVDV (strain NADL) and non-cytopathic (NCP) BVDV (strain NY-1). Then, we examined the mRNA and protein levels of PD-1 and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from BVDV-infected mice and analyzed the effects of PD-1 blockade on the proportions of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cell subsets, the apoptosis and proliferation of PBL, and the production of IL-2 and IFN-γ. We found that leukopenia, lymphocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia were developed in both CP and NCP BVDV-infected mice at day 7 of post-infection. The mRNA and protein expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 were significantly upregulated in CP and NCP BVDV-infected mice. Moreover, PD-1/PD-L1 upregulation was accompanied by leukopenia and lymphopenia. Additionally, PD-1 blockade inhibited PBL apoptosis and virus replication, restored the proportions of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cell subsets, and increased IFN-γ production and p-ERK expression in BVDV-infected mice. However, blocking PD-1 did not significantly affect PBL proliferation and IL-2 production in NCP BVDV-infected mice. Our findings further confirmed the immunomodulatory role of PD-1 in peripheral blood lymphocytopenia in vivo and provided a scientific basis for exploring the molecular mechanism of immune dysfunction caused by acute BVDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Chenhua Wu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Nannan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- College of Engineering, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Chunling Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Shangqi Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Tongtong Bai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Zhibo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Jinwei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Siyu Su
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Zecai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yulong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Zhanbo Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Province Cultivating Collaborative Innovation Center for The Beidahuang Modern Agricultural Industry Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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Liu Y, Liu S, He B, Wang T, Zhao S, Wu C, Yue S, Zhang S, He M, Wang L, Huang W, Shi T, Zhu Z. PD-1 blockade inhibits lymphocyte apoptosis and restores proliferation and anti-viral immune functions of lymphocyte after CP and NCP BVDV infection in vitro. Vet Microbiol 2018; 226:74-80. [PMID: 30389046 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important virus that can cause extensive economic losses in both dairy and beef industry worldwide. Acute infection with BVDV results in peripheral blood lymphopenia, apoptosis and immunosuppression. Up-regulated programmed death-1 (PD-1) expression induces functional exhaustion of lymphocytes, inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis of lymphocytes during acute and chronic viral infections, such as HIV and HCV. However, there are no reports showing the role of PD-1 in peripheral blood lymphopenia, apoptosis and immunosuppression after acute BVDV infection. Accordingly, we measured the mRNA and protein expression of PD-1 and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) infected with BVDV, and analyzed the effects of PD-1 blockade on immune-associated function and activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). The results showed that both cytopathic (CP) BVDV (strain NADL) and non-cytopathic (NCP) BVDV (strain KD) infection stimulated the mRNA and protein expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 significantly. The upregulation of PD-1/PD-L1 was accompanied by the decreased PBLs proliferation and increased apoptosis. Additionally, PD-1 blockade restored proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, increased IFN-γ production and decreased BVDV load. Remarkably, the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction has a more substantial effect on the immunoregulation of inhibiting proliferation induced by CP BVDV infection. Our findings confirm that PD-1 plays a vital role in peripheral blood lymphopenia and apoptosis caused by acute BVDV infection, and provide new insights into exploring the immunopathological mechanisms of BVDV or other members of the Flaviviridae family, and a potential therapeutic strategy to control BVDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary Science Research Institute of HeiLongJiang Province, Qiqihar, 161006, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Boning He
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Shangqi Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Chenhua Wu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Shan Yue
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Shixun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Mingrui He
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Tongrui Shi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary Science Research Institute of HeiLongJiang Province, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Zhanbo Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Daqing, 163319, China.
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Rai AN, Epperson WB, Nanduri B. Application of Functional Genomics for Bovine Respiratory Disease Diagnostics. Bioinform Biol Insights 2015; 9:13-23. [PMID: 26526746 PMCID: PMC4620937 DOI: 10.4137/bbi.s30525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most common economically important disease affecting cattle. For developing accurate diagnostics that can predict disease susceptibility/resistance and stratification, it is necessary to identify the molecular mechanisms that underlie BRD. To study the complex interactions among the bovine host and the multitude of viral and bacterial pathogens, as well as the environmental factors associated with BRD etiology, genome-scale high-throughput functional genomics methods such as microarrays, RNA-seq, and proteomics are helpful. In this review, we summarize the progress made in our understanding of BRD using functional genomics approaches. We also discuss some of the available bioinformatics resources for analyzing high-throughput data, in the context of biological pathways and molecular interactions. Although resources for studying host response to infection are avail-able, the corresponding information is lacking for majority of BRD pathogens, impeding progress in identifying diagnostic signatures for BRD using functional genomics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy N Rai
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - William B Epperson
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Bindu Nanduri
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA. ; Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing, and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
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Schaut RG, McGill JL, Neill JD, Ridpath JF, Sacco RE. Bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 in vivo infection modulates TLR4 responsiveness in differentiated myeloid cells which is associated with decreased MyD88 expression. Virus Res 2015; 208:44-55. [PMID: 26043978 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Symptoms of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection range from subclinical to severe, depending on strain virulence. Several in vitro studies showed BVDV infection impaired leukocyte function. Fewer studies have examined the effects of in vivo BVDV infection on monocyte/macrophage function, especially with strains of differing virulence. We characterized cytokine production by bovine myeloid cells isolated early or late in high (HV) or low virulence (LV) BVDV2 infection. Given BVDV infection may enhance susceptibility to secondary bacterial infection, LPS responses were examined as well. Monocytes from HV and LV infected calves produced higher levels of cytokines compared to cells from controls. In contrast, monocyte-derived macrophage cytokine levels were generally reduced. Modulated cytokine expression in HV BVDV2 macrophages was associated with decreased MyD88 expression, likely due to its interaction with viral NS5A. These data and those of others, suggest that certain Flaviviridae may have evolved strategies for subverting receptor signaling pathways involving MyD88.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Schaut
- Immunobiology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, 2018 Molecular Biology Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Jodi L McGill
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - John D Neill
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Julia F Ridpath
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Randy E Sacco
- Immunobiology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, 2018 Molecular Biology Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
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Berard AR, Coombs KM, Severini A. Quantification of the host response proteome after herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:2121-42. [PMID: 25815715 DOI: 10.1021/pr5012284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Viruses employ numerous host cell metabolic functions to propagate and manage to evade the host immune system. For herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1), a virus that has evolved to efficiently infect humans without seriously harming the host in most cases, the virus-host interaction is specifically interesting. This interaction can be best characterized by studying the proteomic changes that occur in the host during infection. Previous studies have been successful at identifying numerous host proteins that play important roles in HSV infection; however, there is still much that we do not know. This study identifies host metabolic functions and proteins that play roles in HSV infection, using global quantitative stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) proteomic profiling of the host cell combined with LC-MS/MS. We showed differential proteins during early, mid and late infection, using both cytosolic and nuclear fractions. We identified hundreds of differentially regulated proteins involved in fundamental cellular functions, including gene expression, DNA replication, inflammatory response, cell movement, cell death, and RNA post-transcriptional modification. Novel differentially regulated proteins in HSV infections include some previously identified in other virus systems, as well as fusion protein, involved in malignant liposarcoma (FUS) and hypoxia up-regulated 1 protein precursor (HYOU1), which have not been identified previously in any virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia R Berard
- †Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0J9.,‡Manitoba Center for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Room 799 John Buhler Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4
| | - Kevin M Coombs
- †Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0J9.,‡Manitoba Center for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Room 799 John Buhler Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4.,§Manitoba Institute of Child Health, University of Manitoba, Room 641 John Buhler Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4
| | - Alberto Severini
- †Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0J9.,∥National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P6
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Ammari M, McCarthy FM, Nanduri B, Pinchuk LM. Analysis of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Viruses-infected monocytes: identification of cytopathic and non-cytopathic biotype differences. BMC Bioinformatics 2010; 11 Suppl 6:S9. [PMID: 20946620 PMCID: PMC3026383 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-11-s6-s9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) infection is widespread in cattle worldwide, causing important economic losses. Pathogenesis of the disease caused by BVDV is complex, as each BVDV strain has two biotypes: non-cytopathic (ncp) and cytopathic (cp). BVDV can cause a persistent latent infection and immune suppression if animals are infected with an ncp biotype during early gestation, followed by a subsequent infection of the cp biotype. The molecular mechanisms that underscore the complex disease etiology leading to immune suppression in cattle caused by BVDV are not well understood. Results Using proteomics, we evaluated the effect of cp and ncp BVDV infection of bovine monocytes to determine their role in viral immune suppression and uncontrolled inflammation. Proteins were isolated by differential detergent fractionation and identified by 2D-LC ESI MS/MS. We identified 137 and 228 significantly altered bovine proteins due to ncp and cp BVDV infection, respectively. Functional analysis of these proteins using the Gene Ontology (GO) showed multiple under- and over- represented GO functions in molecular function, biological process and cellular component between the two BVDV biotypes. Analysis of the top immunological pathways affected by BVDV infection revealed that pathways representing macropinocytosis signalling, virus entry via endocytic pathway, integrin signalling and primary immunodeficiency signalling were identified only in ncp BVDV-infected monocytes. In contrast, pathways like actin cytoskeleton signalling, RhoA signalling, clathrin-mediated endocytosis signalling and interferon signalling were identified only in cp BDVD-infected cells. Of the six common pathways involved in cp and ncp BVDV infection, acute phase response signalling was the most significant for both BVDV biotypes. Although, most shared altered host proteins between both BVDV biotypes showed the same type of change, integrin alpha 2b (ITGA2B) and integrin beta 3 (ITGB3) were down- regulated by ncp BVDV and up- regulated by cp BVDV infection. Conclusions This study shows that, as we expected, there are significant functional differences in the host proteins that respond to cp or ncp BVDV infection. The combined use of GO and systems biology network modelling facilitated a better understanding of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mais Ammari
- Department of Basic Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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Bovine viral diarrhea virus infection affects the expression of proteins related to professional antigen presentation in bovine monocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2008; 1794:14-22. [PMID: 18930168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Revised: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The complete annotation of the cattle genome allows reliable protein identification by tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) and greatly facilitates proteomics. Previously, we reported that differential detergent fractionation (DDF) analysis of bovine monocytes reveals proteins related to antigen pattern recognition, uptake and presentation to immunocompetent lymphocytes. Here we have identified 47 bovine proteins, involved in immune function of professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) that have been significantly altered after cytopathic (cp) Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) infection. In particular, proteins related to immune responses such as cell adhesion, apoptosis, antigen uptake, processing and presentation, acute phase response proteins, MHC class I- and II-related proteins and other molecules involved in immune function of professional antigen presentation have been significantly altered after BVDV infection. Our data suggest that cp BVDV, while promoting monocyte activation and differentiation, is inhibiting their antigen presentation to immunocompetent T cells, thus resulting in the uncontrolled inflammation mediated by activated macrophages, enhanced viral spread, and impaired anti-viral defense mechanisms in the host.
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