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Mehrabipour M, Jasemi NSK, Dvorsky R, Ahmadian MR. A Systematic Compilation of Human SH3 Domains: A Versatile Superfamily in Cellular Signaling. Cells 2023; 12:2054. [PMID: 37626864 PMCID: PMC10453029 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
SRC homology 3 (SH3) domains are fundamental modules that enable the assembly of protein complexes through physical interactions with a pool of proline-rich/noncanonical motifs from partner proteins. They are widely studied modular building blocks across all five kingdoms of life and viruses, mediating various biological processes. The SH3 domains are also implicated in the development of human diseases, such as cancer, leukemia, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, and various infections. A database search of the human proteome reveals the existence of 298 SH3 domains in 221 SH3 domain-containing proteins (SH3DCPs), ranging from 13 to 720 kilodaltons. A phylogenetic analysis of human SH3DCPs based on their multi-domain architecture seems to be the most practical way to classify them functionally, with regard to various physiological pathways. This review further summarizes the achievements made in the classification of SH3 domain functions, their binding specificity, and their significance for various diseases when exploiting SH3 protein modular interactions as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Mehrabipour
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.M.); (N.S.K.J.)
| | - Neda S. Kazemein Jasemi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.M.); (N.S.K.J.)
| | - Radovan Dvorsky
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.M.); (N.S.K.J.)
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, P. J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mohammad R. Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.M.); (N.S.K.J.)
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2
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Han F, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Huang Z. Antigen receptor structure and signaling. Adv Immunol 2023; 157:1-28. [PMID: 37061286 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
The key to mounting an immune response is that the host cells must be coordinated to generate an appropriate immune response against the pathogenic invaders. Antigen receptors recognize specific molecular structures and recruit adaptors through their effector domains, triggering trans-membrane transduction signaling pathway to exert immune response. The T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and B cell antigen receptor (BCR) are the primary determinant of immune responses to antigens. Their structure determines the mode of signaling and signal transduction determines cell fate, leading to changes at the molecular and cellular level. Studies of antigen receptor structure and signaling revealed the basis of immune response triggering, providing clues to antigen receptor priming and a foundation for the rational design of immunotherapies. In recent years, the increased research on the structure of antigen receptors has greatly contributed to the understanding of immune response, different immune-related diseases and even tumors. In this review, we describe in detail the current view and advances of the antigen structure and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Han
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Chen
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yuwei Zhu
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
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3
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New Label-Free Biosensing for the Evaluation of the AX-024 Inhibitor: Case Study for the Development of New Drugs in Autoimmune Diseases. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22031218. [PMID: 35161965 PMCID: PMC8839007 DOI: 10.3390/s22031218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We developed a new label-free assay to evaluate the inhibition capacity of AX-024 by means of a new Point-of-Care (PoC) device for application in the development of new drugs in autoimmune diseases. The technology of PoC is based on interferometric optical detection method (IODM). For this purpose, we have optimized and developed an assay protocol whereby a Glutathione S-Transferase modified protein (GST-SH3.1), which contains a functional domain of a protein involved in T-cell activation, together with the AX-024 inhibitor has been studied. The chips used are a sensing surface based on nitrocellulose. We used streptavidin and a biotinylated peptide as links for the immobilization process on the sensing surface. The biotinylated peptide and AX-024 inhibitor compete for the same functional group of the GST-SH3.1 modified protein. When the inhibitor binds its binding site on GST-SH3.1, the biotinylated peptide cannot bind to its pocket on the protein. This competition reduces the total molecular mass of protein fixed onto the biosensor. In order to quantify the inhibition capacity of AX-024, several Ax-024:GST-SH3.1 ratios have been studied. We have compared the read-out signal for GST-SH3.1 protein not interfered by the drug, which served as a positive blank, and the response of the GST-SH3.1 modified protein blocked by the inhibitor. The technology has been correlated with confocal fluorescence microscopy.
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4
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Richter K, Rufer AC, Muller M, Burger D, Casagrande F, Grossenbacher T, Huber S, Hug MN, Koldewey P, D'Osualdo A, Schlatter D, Stoll T, Rudolph MG. Small molecule AX-024 reduces T cell proliferation independently of CD3ϵ/Nck1 interaction, which is governed by a domain swap in the Nck1-SH3.1 domain. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7849-7864. [PMID: 32317279 PMCID: PMC7278359 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the T cell receptor (TCR) results in binding of the adapter protein Nck (noncatalytic region of tyrosine kinase) to the CD3ϵ subunit of the TCR. The interaction was suggested to be important for the amplification of TCR signals and is governed by a proline-rich sequence (PRS) in CD3ϵ that binds to the first Src homology 3 (SH3) domain of Nck (Nck-SH3.1). Inhibition of this protein/protein interaction ameliorated inflammatory symptoms in mouse models of multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and asthma. A small molecule, AX-024, was reported to inhibit the Nck/CD3ϵ interaction by physically binding to the Nck1-SH3.1 domain, suggesting a route to develop an inhibitor of the Nck1/CD3ϵ interaction for modulating TCR activity in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. We show here that AX-024 reduces T cell proliferation upon weak TCR stimulation but does not significantly affect phosphorylation of Zap70 (ζ chain of T cell receptor–associated protein kinase 70). We also find that AX-024 is likely not involved in modulating the Nck/TCR interaction but probably has other targets in T cells. An array of biophysical techniques did not detect a direct interaction between AX-024 and Nck-SH3.1 in vitro. Crystal structures of the Nck-SH3.1 domain revealed its binding mode to the PRS in CD3ϵ. The SH3 domain tends to generate homodimers through a domain swap. Domain swaps observed previously in other SH3 domains indicate a general propensity of this protein fold to exchange structural elements. The swapped form of Nck-SH3.1 is unable to bind CD3ϵ, possibly representing an inactive form of Nck in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Richter
- I2O Disease Translational Area, pRED Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arne C Rufer
- Therapeutic Modalities, Lead Discovery and Medicinal Chemistry, pRED Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Magali Muller
- I2O Disease Translational Area, pRED Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Burger
- Therapeutic Modalities, Lead Discovery and Medicinal Chemistry, pRED Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Casagrande
- Therapeutic Modalities, Lead Discovery and Medicinal Chemistry, pRED Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tabea Grossenbacher
- Therapeutic Modalities, Lead Discovery and Medicinal Chemistry, pRED Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sylwia Huber
- Therapeutic Modalities, Lead Discovery and Medicinal Chemistry, pRED Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melanie N Hug
- Therapeutic Modalities, Lead Discovery and Medicinal Chemistry, pRED Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Koldewey
- Therapeutic Modalities, Lead Discovery and Medicinal Chemistry, pRED Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea D'Osualdo
- I2O Disease Translational Area, pRED Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Schlatter
- Therapeutic Modalities, Lead Discovery and Medicinal Chemistry, pRED Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Theodor Stoll
- Therapeutic Modalities, Lead Discovery and Medicinal Chemistry, pRED Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus G Rudolph
- Therapeutic Modalities, Lead Discovery and Medicinal Chemistry, pRED Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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5
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Schamel WW, Alarcon B, Minguet S. The TCR is an allosterically regulated macromolecular machinery changing its conformation while working. Immunol Rev 2020; 291:8-25. [PMID: 31402501 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The αβ T-cell receptor (TCR) is a multiprotein complex controlling the activation of T cells. Although the structure of the complete TCR is not known, cumulative evidence supports that the TCR cycles between different conformational states that are promoted either by thermal motion or by force. These structural transitions determine whether the TCR engages intracellular effectors or not, regulating TCR phosphorylation and signaling. As for other membrane receptors, ligand binding selects and stabilizes the TCR in active conformations, and/or switches the TCR to activating states that were not visited before ligand engagement. Here we review the main models of TCR allostery, that is, ligand binding at TCRαβ changes the structure at CD3 and ζ. (a) The ITAM and proline-rich sequence exposure model, in which the TCR's cytoplasmic tails shield each other and ligand binding exposes them for phosphorylation. (b) The membrane-ITAM model, in which the CD3ε and ζ tails are sequestered inside the membrane and again ligand binding exposes them. (c) The mechanosensor model in which ligand binding exerts force on the TCR, inducing structural changes that allow signaling. Since these models are complementary rather than competing, we propose a unified model that aims to incorporate all existing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang W Schamel
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency CCI, University Clinics and Medical Faculty, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Balbino Alarcon
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Minguet
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency CCI, University Clinics and Medical Faculty, Freiburg, Germany
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6
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Borroto A, Reyes-Garau D, Jiménez MA, Carrasco E, Moreno B, Martínez-Pasamar S, Cortés JR, Perona A, Abia D, Blanco S, Fuentes M, Arellano I, Lobo J, Heidarieh H, Rueda J, Esteve P, Cibrián D, Martinez-Riaño A, Mendoza P, Prieto C, Calleja E, Oeste CL, Orfao A, Fresno M, Sánchez-Madrid F, Alcamí A, Bovolenta P, Martín P, Villoslada P, Morreale A, Messeguer A, Alarcon B. First-in-class inhibitor of the T cell receptor for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:370ra184. [PMID: 28003549 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf2140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Modulating T cell activation is critical for treating autoimmune diseases but requires avoiding concomitant opportunistic infections. Antigen binding to the T cell receptor (TCR) triggers the recruitment of the cytosolic adaptor protein Nck to a proline-rich sequence in the cytoplasmic tail of the TCR's CD3ε subunit. Through virtual screening and using combinatorial chemistry, we have generated an orally available, low-molecular weight inhibitor of the TCR-Nck interaction that selectively inhibits TCR-triggered T cell activation with an IC50 (median inhibitory concentration) ~1 nM. By modulating TCR signaling, the inhibitor prevented the development of psoriasis and asthma and, furthermore, exerted a long-lasting therapeutic effect in a model of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. However, it did not prevent the generation of a protective memory response against a mouse pathogen, suggesting that the compound might not exert its effects through immunosuppression. These results suggest that inhibiting an immediate TCR signal has promise for treating a broad spectrum of human T cell-mediated autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Borroto
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Reyes-Garau
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Esther Carrasco
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Martínez-Pasamar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José R Cortés
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Perona
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Abia
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Soledad Blanco
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Fuentes
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, University of Salamanca-CSIC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Irene Arellano
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Lobo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Haleh Heidarieh
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rueda
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Esteve
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Danay Cibrián
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martinez-Riaño
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Mendoza
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Prieto
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Calleja
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara L Oeste
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, University of Salamanca-CSIC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Fresno
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Alcamí
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paola Bovolenta
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Martín
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Villoslada
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Morreale
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Messeguer
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Balbino Alarcon
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Pettinello R, Redmond AK, Secombes CJ, Macqueen DJ, Dooley H. Evolutionary history of the T cell receptor complex as revealed by small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 74:125-135. [PMID: 28433528 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In every jawed vertebrate species studied so far, the T cell receptor (TCR) complex is composed of two different TCR chains (α/β or γ/δ) and a number of CD3 subunits responsible for transmitting signals into the T cell. In this study, we characterised all of the TCR and CD3 genes of small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula) and analysed their expression in a broad range of tissues. While the TCR complex is highly conserved across jawed vertebrates, we identified a number of differences in catshark, most notably the presence of two copies of both TCRβ and CD3γδ, and the absence of a functionally-important proline rich region from CD3ε. We also demonstrate that TCRβ has duplicated independently multiple times in jawed vertebrate evolution, bringing additional diversity to the TCR complex. This study reveals new insights about the evolutionary history of the TCR complex and raises new avenues for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Pettinello
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Anthony K Redmond
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom; Centre for Genome-Enabled Biology & Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Secombes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Macqueen
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Dooley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom; Dept. Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine & Environmental Technology, Baltimore MD21202, USA
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8
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Paensuwan P, Hartl FA, Yousefi OS, Ngoenkam J, Wipa P, Beck-Garcia E, Dopfer EP, Khamsri B, Sanguansermsri D, Minguet S, Schamel WW, Pongcharoen S. Nck Binds to the T Cell Antigen Receptor Using Its SH3.1 and SH2 Domains in a Cooperative Manner, Promoting TCR Functioning. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:448-58. [PMID: 26590318 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ligand binding to the TCR causes a conformational change at the CD3 subunits to expose the CD3ε cytoplasmic proline-rich sequence (PRS). It was suggested that the PRS is important for TCR signaling and T cell activation. It has been shown that the purified, recombinant SH3.1 domain of the adaptor molecule noncatalytic region of tyrosine kinase (Nck) can bind to the exposed PRS of CD3ε, but the molecular mechanism of how full-length Nck binds to the TCR in cells has not been investigated so far. Using the in situ proximity ligation assay and copurifications, we show that the binding of Nck to the TCR requires partial phosphorylation of CD3ε, as it is based on two cooperating interactions. First, the SH3.1(Nck) domain has to bind to the nonphosphorylated and exposed PRS, that is, the first ITAM tyrosine has to be in the unphosphorylated state. Second, the SH2(Nck) domain has to bind to the second ITAM tyrosine in the phosphorylated state. Likewise, mutations of the SH3.1 and SH2 domains in Nck1 resulted in the loss of Nck1 binding to the TCR. Furthermore, expression of an SH3.1-mutated Nck impaired TCR signaling and T cell activation. Our data suggest that the exact pattern of CD3ε phosphorylation is critical for TCR functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pussadee Paensuwan
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Frederike A Hartl
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Biology, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies and Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - O Sascha Yousefi
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Biology, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies and Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79108, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Jatuporn Ngoenkam
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Piyamaporn Wipa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Esmeralda Beck-Garcia
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Biology, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies and Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79108, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Elaine P Dopfer
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Biology, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies and Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Boonruang Khamsri
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Donruedee Sanguansermsri
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Susana Minguet
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Biology, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies and Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W Schamel
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Biology, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies and Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79108, Germany;
| | - Sutatip Pongcharoen
- Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; Research Center for Academic Excellence in Petroleum, Petrochemical and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; and Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
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9
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Borroto A, Arellano I, Blanco R, Fuentes M, Orfao A, Dopfer EP, Prouza M, Suchànek M, Schamel WW, Alarcón B. Relevance of Nck-CD3 epsilon interaction for T cell activation in vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:2042-53. [PMID: 24470497 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
On TCR ligation, the adaptor Nck is recruited through its src homology 3.1 domain to a proline-rich sequence (PRS) in CD3ε. We have studied the relevance of this interaction for T cell activation in vitro and in vivo by targeting the interaction sites in both partners. The first approach consisted of studying a knockin (KI) mouse line (KI-PRS) bearing a conservative mutation in the PRS that makes the TCR incompetent to recruit Nck. This deficiency prevents T cell activation by Ag in vitro and inhibited very early TCR signaling events including the tyrosine phosphorylation of CD3ζ. Most important, KI-PRS mice are partly protected against the development of neurological symptoms in an experimental autoimmune encephalitis model, and show a deficient antitumoral response after vaccination. The second approach consisted of using a high-affinity peptide that specifically binds the src homology 3.1 domain and prevents the interaction of Nck with CD3ε. This peptide inhibits T cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest that Nck recruitment to the TCR is fundamental to mount an efficient T cell response in vivo, and that the Nck-CD3ε interaction may represent a target for pharmacological modulation of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Borroto
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
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10
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Borroto A, Arellano I, Dopfer EP, Prouza M, Suchànek M, Fuentes M, Orfao A, Schamel WW, Alarcón B. Nck recruitment to the TCR required for ZAP70 activation during thymic development. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 190:1103-12. [PMID: 23267019 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The adaptor protein Nck is inducibly recruited through its SH3.1 domain to a proline-rich sequence (PRS) in CD3ε after TCR engagement. However, experiments with a knockin mutant bearing an 8-aa replacement of the PRS have indicated that Nck binding to the TCR is constitutive, and that it promotes the degradation of the TCR in preselection double-positive (DP) CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes. To clarify these discrepancies, we have generated a new knockin mouse line (KI-PRS) bearing a conservative mutation in the PRS resulting from the replacement of the two central prolines. Thymocytes of KI-PRS mice are partly arrested at each step at which pre-TCR or TCR signaling is required. The mutation prevents the trigger-dependent inducible recruitment of endogenous Nck to the TCR but does not impair TCR degradation. However, KI-PRS preselection DP thymocytes show impaired tyrosine phosphorylation of CD3ζ, as well as impaired recruitment of ZAP70 to the TCR and impaired ZAP70 activation. Our results indicate that Nck is recruited to the TCR in an inducible manner in DP thymocytes, and that this recruitment is required for the activation of early TCR-dependent events. Differences in the extent of PRS mutation could explain the phenotypic differences in both knockin mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Borroto
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
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Saksela K, Permi P. SH3 domain ligand binding: What's the consensus and where's the specificity? FEBS Lett 2012; 586:2609-14. [PMID: 22710157 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of SH3 domain-ligand interactions continue to be described that involve the conserved peptide-binding surface of SH3, but structurally deviate substantially from canonical docking of consensus motif-containing SH3 ligands. Indeed, it appears that that the relative frequency and importance of these types of interactions may have been underestimated. Instead of atypical, we propose referring to such peptides as type I or II (depending on the binding orientation) non-consensus ligands. Here we discuss the structural basis of non-consensus SH3 ligand binding and the dominant role of the SH3 domain specificity zone in selective target recognition, and review some of the best-characterized examples of such interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalle Saksela
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, University of Helsinki Central Hospital, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Identification and biophysical assessment of the molecular recognition mechanisms between the human haemopoietic cell kinase Src homology domain 3 and ALG-2-interacting protein X. Biochem J 2010; 431:93-102. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SFKs (Src family kinases) are central regulators of many signalling pathways. Their functions are tightly regulated through SH (Src homology) domain-mediated protein–protein interactions. A yeast two-hybrid screen using SH3 domains as bait identified Alix [ALG-2 (apoptosis-linked gene 2)-interacting protein X] as a novel Hck (haemopoietic cell kinase) SH3 domain interactor. The Alix–Hck-SH3 interaction was confirmed in vitro by a GST (glutathione transferase) pull-down assay and in intact cells by a mammalian two-hybrid assay. Furthermore, the interaction was demonstrated to be biologically relevant in cells. Through biophysical experiments, we then identified the PRR (proline-rich region) motif of Alix that binds Hck-SH3 and determined a dissociation constant of 34.5 μM. Heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy experiments were used to map the Hck-SH3 residues that interact with an ALIX construct containing the V and PRR domains or with the minimum identified interacting motif. Finally, SAXS (small-angle X-ray scattering) analysis showed that the N-terminal PRR of Alix is unfolded, at least before Hck-SH3 recognition. These results indicate that residues outside the canonical PxxP motif of Alix enhance its affinity and selectivity towards Hck-SH3. The structural framework of the Hck–Alix interaction will help to clarify how Hck and Alix assist during virus budding and cell-surface receptor regulation.
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Takeuchi K, Sun ZYJ, Park S, Wagner G. Autoinhibitory interaction in the multidomain adaptor protein Nck: possible roles in improving specificity and functional diversity. Biochemistry 2010; 49:5634-41. [PMID: 20527928 DOI: 10.1021/bi100322m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nck is a functionally versatile multidomain adaptor protein consisting of one SH2 and three SH3 domains. In most cases, the SH2 domain mediates binding to tyrosine-phosphorylated receptors or cytosolic proteins, which leads to the formation of larger protein complexes via the SH3 domains. Nck plays a pivotal role in T-cell receptor-mediated reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton as well as in the formation of the immunological synapses. The modular domain structure and the functionality of the individual domains suggest that they might act independently. Here we report an interesting intramolecular interaction within Nck that occurs between a noncanonical yet conserved (K/R)x(K/R)RxxS sequence in the linker between the first and second SH3 domain (SH3.1/SH3.2) and the second SH3 domain (SH3.2). Because this interaction masks the proline-rich sequence binding site of the SH3.2 domain, the intramolecular interaction is self-inhibitory. This intramolecular interaction could, at least partially, explain the remarkable specificity of Nck toward proteins with proline-rich sequences. It may prevent nonspecific low-affinity binding while keeping the site available for high-affinity bivalent ligands that can bind multiple sites in Nck. This indicates that Nck does not simply adopt a "beads on a string" architecture but incorporates a higher-order organization for improved specificity and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koh Takeuchi
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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