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Reactivity of a Recombinant Esterase from Thermus thermophilus HB27 in Aqueous and Organic Media. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050915. [PMID: 35630360 PMCID: PMC9143606 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermoalkalophilic membrane-associated esterase E34Tt from Thermus thermophilus HB27 was cloned and expressed in Kluyveromyces lactis (KLEST-3S esterase). The recombinant enzyme was tested as a biocatalyst in aqueous and organic media. It displayed a high thermal stability and was active in the presence of 10% (v/v) organic solvents and 1% (w/v) detergents. KLEST-3S hydrolysed triglycerides of various acyl chains, which is a rare characteristic among carboxylic ester hydrolases from extreme thermophiles, with maximum activity on tributyrin. It also displayed interfacial activation towards triacetin. KLEST-3S was also tested as a biocatalyst in organic media. The esterase provided high yields for the acetylation of alcohols. In addition, KLEST-3S catalyzed the stereoselective hydrolysis of (R,S)-ibuprofen methyl ester (87% ee). Our results indicate that KLEST-3S may be a robust and efficient biocatalyst for application in industrial bioconversions.
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Chen G, Khan IM, He W, Li Y, Jin P, Campanella OH, Zhang H, Huo Y, Chen Y, Yang H, Miao M. Rebuilding the lid region from conformational and dynamic features to engineering applications of lipase in foods: Current status and future prospects. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:2688-2714. [PMID: 35470946 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The applications of lipases in esterification, amidation, and transesterification have broadened their potential in the production of fine compounds with high cumulative values. Mostly, the catalytic triad of lipases is covered by either one or two mobile peptides called the "lid" that control the substrate channel to the catalytic center. The lid holds unique conformational allostery via interfacial activation to regulate the dynamics and catalytic functions of lipases, thereby highlighting its importance in redesigning these enzymes for industrial applications. The structural characteristic of lipase, the dynamics of lids, and the roles of lid in lipase catalysis were summarized, providing opportunities for rebuilding lid region by biotechniques (e.g., metagenomic technology and protein engineering) and enzyme immobilization. The review focused on the advantages and disadvantages of strategies rebuilding the lid region. The main shortcomings of biotechnologies on lid rebuilding were discussed such as negative effects on lipase (e.g., a decrease of activity). Additionally, the main shortcomings (e.g., enzyme desorption at high temperatre) in immobilization on hydrophobic supports via interfacial action were presented. Solutions to the mentioned problems were proposed by combinations of computational design with biotechnologies, and improvements of lipase immobilization (e.g., immobilization protocols and support design). Finally, the review provides future perspectives about designing hyperfunctional lipases as biocatalysts in the food industry based on lid conformation and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Imran Mahmood Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wensen He
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Jin
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Osvaldo H Campanella
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Haihua Zhang
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanrong Huo
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Huqing Yang
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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3
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Shin WR, Um HJ, Kim YC, Kim SC, Cho BK, Ahn JY, Min J, Kim YH. Biochemical characterization and molecular docking analysis of novel esterases from Sphingobium chungbukense DJ77. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:403-411. [PMID: 33321136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We identified three novel microbial esterase (Est1, Est2, and Est3) from Sphingobium chungbukense DJ77. Multiple sequence alignment showed the Est1 and Est3 have distinct motifs, such as tetrapeptide motif HGGG, a pentapeptide sequence motif GXSXG, and catalytic triad residues Ser-Asp-His, indicating that the identified enzymes belong to family IV esterases. Interestingly, Est1 exhibited strong activity toward classical esterase substrates, p-nitrophenyl ester of short-chain fatty acids and long-chain. However, Est3 did not exhibit any activity despite having high sequence similarity and sharing the identical catalytic active residues with Est1. Est3 only showed hydrolytic degradation activity to polycaprolactone (PCL). MOE-docking prediction also provided the parameters consisting of binding energy, molecular docking score, and molecular distance between substrate and catalytic nucleophilic residue, serine. The engineered mutEst3 has hydrolytic activity for a variety of esters ranging from p-nitrophenyl esters to PCL. In the present study, we demonstrated that MOE-docking simulation provides a valuable insight for facilitating biocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Ri Shin
- School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Um
- School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644, South Korea
| | - Young-Chang Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644, South Korea
| | - Sun Chang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Byung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Ahn
- School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644, South Korea.
| | - Jiho Min
- Graduate School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea.
| | - Yang-Hoon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644, South Korea.
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Kumar A, Mukhia S, Kumar N, Acharya V, Kumar S, Kumar R. A Broad Temperature Active Lipase Purified From a Psychrotrophic Bacterium of Sikkim Himalaya With Potential Application in Detergent Formulation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:642. [PMID: 32671041 PMCID: PMC7329984 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial lipases with activity spanning over a broad temperature and substrate range have several industrial applications. An efficient enzyme-producing bacterium Chryseobacterium polytrichastri ERMR1:04, previously reported from Sikkim Himalaya, was explored for purification and characterization of cold-adapted lipase. Optimum lipase production was observed in 1% (v/v) rice bran oil, pH 7 at 20°C. Size exclusion and hydrophobic interaction chromatography purified the enzyme up to 21.3-fold predicting it to be a hexameric protein of 250 kDa, with 39.8 kDa monomeric unit. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of the purified lipase showed maximum similarity with alpha/beta hydrolase (lipase superfamily). Biochemical characterization of the purified enzyme revealed optimum pH (8.0), temperature (37°C) and activity over a temperature range of 5–65°C. The tested metals (except Cu2+ and Fe2+) enhanced the enzyme activity and it was tolerant to 5% (v/v) methanol and isopropanol. The Km and Vmax values were determined as 0.104 mM and 3.58 U/mg, respectively for p-nitrophenyl palmitate. Bioinformatics analysis also supported in vitro findings by predicting enzyme's broad temperature and substrate specificity. The compatibility of the purified lipase with regular commercial detergents, coupled with its versatile temperature and substrate range, renders the given enzyme a promising biocatalyst for potential detergent formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Srijana Mukhia
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India.,Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Vishal Acharya
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Rakshak Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
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5
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Gao B, Jiang S, Wang L, Zhang L, Wei D. Energy and conformation determine the enantioselectivity of enzyme. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Impact of signal peptide and transmembrane segments on expression and biochemical properties of a lipase from Bacillus sphaericus 205y. J Biotechnol 2017; 264:51-62. [PMID: 29107669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A total of 97 amino acids, considered as the signal peptide and transmembrane segments were removed from 205y lipase gene using polymerase chain reaction technique that abolished the low activity of this enzyme. The mature enzyme was expressed in Escherichia coli using pBAD expression vector, which gave up to a 13-fold increase in lipase activity. The mature 205y lipase (without signal peptide and transmembrane; -SP/TM) was purified to homogeneity using the isoelectric focusing technique with 53% recovery. Removing of the signal peptide and transmembrane segments had resulted in the shift of optimal pH, an increase in optimal temperature and tolerance towards more water-miscible organic solvents as compared to the characteristics of open reading frame (ORF) of 205y lipase. Also, in the presence of 1mM inhibitors, less decrease in the activity of mature 205y lipase was observed compared to the ORF of the enzyme. Protein structure modeling showed that 205y lipase consisted of an α/β hydrolase fold without lid domain. However, the transmembrane segment could effect on the enzyme activity by covering the active site or aggregation the protein.
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Insight into the mechanism behind the activation phenomenon of lipase from Thermus thermophilus HB8 in polar organic solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Analysis of Comparative Sequence and Genomic Data to Verify Phylogenetic Relationship and Explore a New Subfamily of Bacterial Lipases. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149851. [PMID: 26934700 PMCID: PMC4774917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant enzymes have significant potential in a wide range of synthetic reactions in industry due to their inherent stability at high temperatures and their ability to endure harsh organic solvents. In this study, a novel gene encoding a true lipase was isolated by construction of a genomic DNA library of thermophilic Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus strain HZ into Escherichia coli plasmid vector. Sequence analysis revealed that HZ lipase had 62% identity to putative lipase from Bacillus pseudomycoides. The closely characterized lipases to the HZ lipase gene are from thermostable Bacillus and Geobacillus lipases belonging to the subfamily I.5 with ≤ 57% identity. The amino acid sequence analysis of HZ lipase determined a conserved pentapeptide containing the active serine, GHSMG and a Ca2+-binding motif, GCYGSD in the enzyme. Protein structure modeling showed that HZ lipase consisted of an α/β hydrolase fold and a lid domain. Protein sequence alignment, conserved regions analysis, clustal distance matrix and amino acid composition illustrated differences between HZ lipase and other thermostable lipases. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this lipase represented a new subfamily of family I of bacterial true lipases, classified as family I.9. The HZ lipase was expressed under promoter Plac using IPTG and was characterized. The recombinant enzyme showed optimal activity at 65°C and retained ≥ 97% activity after incubation at 50°C for 1h. The HZ lipase was stable in various polar and non-polar organic solvents.
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Structure, mechanism, and enantioselectivity shifting of lipase LipK107 with a simple way. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1844:1183-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zhang L, Tang X, Cui D, Yao Z, Gao B, Jiang S, Yin B, Yuan YA, Wei D. A method to rationally increase protein stability based on the charge-charge interaction, with application to lipase LipK107. Protein Sci 2013; 23:110-6. [PMID: 24353171 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report a suite of enzyme redesign protocol based on the surface charge-charge interaction calculation, which is potentially applied to improve the stability of an enzyme without compromising its catalytic activity. Together with the experimental validation, we have released a suite of enzyme redesign algorithm Enzyme Thermal Stability System, written based on our model, for open access to meet the needs in wet labs. Lipk107, a lipase of a versatile industrial use, was chosen to test our software. Our calculation determined that four residues, D113, D149, D213, and D253, located on the surface of LipK107 were critical to the stability of the enzyme. The model was validated with mutagenesis at these four residues followed by stability and activity tests. LipK107 mutants D113A and D149K were more resistant to thermal inactivation with ∼10°C higher half-inactivation temperature than wild-type LipK107. Moreover, mutant D149K exhibited significant retention in residual activity under constant heat, showing a 14-fold increase in the half-inactivation time at 50°C. Activity tests showed that these mutants retained the equal or higher specific activity, among which noteworthy was the mutant D253A with as much as 20% higher activity. We suggest that our protocol could be used as a general guideline to redesign protein enzymes with increased stabilities and enhanced activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, People's Republic of China
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Structural adaptation of cold-active RTX lipase from Pseudomonas sp. strain AMS8 revealed via homology and molecular dynamics simulation approaches. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:925373. [PMID: 23738333 PMCID: PMC3662180 DOI: 10.1155/2013/925373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The psychrophilic enzyme is an interesting subject to study due to its special ability to adapt to extreme temperatures, unlike typical enzymes. Utilizing computer-aided software, the predicted structure and function of the enzyme lipase AMS8 (LipAMS8) (isolated from the psychrophilic Pseudomonas sp., obtained from the Antarctic soil) are studied. The enzyme shows significant sequence similarities with lipases from Pseudomonas sp. MIS38 and Serratia marcescens. These similarities aid in the prediction of the 3D molecular structure of the enzyme. In this study, 12 ns MD simulation is performed at different temperatures for structural flexibility and stability analysis. The results show that the enzyme is most stable at 0°C and 5°C. In terms of stability and flexibility, the catalytic domain (N-terminus) maintained its stability more than the noncatalytic domain (C-terminus), but the non-catalytic domain showed higher flexibility than the catalytic domain. The analysis of the structure and function of LipAMS8 provides new insights into the structural adaptation of this protein at low temperatures. The information obtained could be a useful tool for low temperature industrial applications and molecular engineering purposes, in the near future.
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Crystal structure of Proteus mirabilis lipase, a novel lipase from the Proteus/psychrophilic subfamily of lipase family I.1. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52890. [PMID: 23300806 PMCID: PMC3530535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial lipases from family I.1 and I.2 catalyze the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol between 25-45°C and are used extensively as biocatalysts. The lipase from Proteus mirabilis belongs to the Proteus/psychrophilic subfamily of lipase family I.1 and is a promising catalyst for biodiesel production because it can tolerate high amounts of water in the reaction. Here we present the crystal structure of the Proteus mirabilis lipase, a member of the Proteus/psychrophilic subfamily of I.1lipases. The structure of the Proteus mirabilis lipase was solved in the absence and presence of a bound phosphonate inhibitor. Unexpectedly, both the apo and inhibitor bound forms of P. mirabilis lipase were found to be in a closed conformation. The structure reveals a unique oxyanion hole and a wide active site that is solvent accessible even in the closed conformation. A distinct mechanism for Ca²⁺ coordination may explain how these lipases can fold without specific chaperones.
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