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Dai J, Xu Z, Yang N, Tuerxunjiang H, Shan X, Diao Y, Zhao J, Ma M, Li X, Xiao M, Pei J. Investigation of the biocontrol mechanism of a novel Pseudomonas species against phytopathogenic Fusarium graminearum revealed by multi-omics integration analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0045524. [PMID: 38809045 PMCID: PMC11218632 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00455-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogenic Fusarium graminearum poses significant threats to crop health and soil quality. Although our laboratory-cultivated Pseudomonas sp. P13 exhibited potential biocontrol capacities, its effectiveness against F. graminearum and underlying antifungal mechanisms are still unclear. In light of this, our study investigated a significant inhibitory effect of P13 on F. graminearum T1, both in vitro and in a soil environment. Conducting genomic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses of P13, we sought to identify evidence supporting its antagonistic effects on T1. The results revealed the potential of P13, a novel Pseudomonas species, to produce active antifungal components, including phenazine-1-carboxylate (PCA), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and siderophores [pyoverdine (Pvd) and histicorrugatin (Hcs)], as well as the dynamic adaptive changes in the metabolic pathways of P13 related to these active ingredients. During the logarithmic growth stage, T1-exposed P13 strategically upregulated PCA and HCN biosynthesis, along with transient inhibition of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. However, with growth stabilization, upregulation of PCA and HCN synthesis ceased, whereas the TCA cycle was enhanced, increasing siderophores secretion (Pvd and Hcs), suggesting that this mechanism might have caused continuous inhibition of T1. These findings improved our comprehension of the biocontrol mechanisms of P13 and provided the foundation for potential application of Pseudomonas strains in the biocontrol of phytopathogenic F. graminearum. IMPORTANCE Pseudomonas spp. produces various antifungal substances, making it an effective natural biocontrol agent against pathogenic fungi. However, the inhibitory effects and the associated antagonistic mechanisms of Pseudomonas spp. against Fusarium spp. are unclear. Multi-omics integration analyses of the in vitro antifungal effects of novel Pseudomonas species, P13, against F. graminearum T1 revealed the ability of P13 to produce antifungal components (PCA, HCN, Pvd, and Hcs), strategically upregulate PCA and HCN biosynthesis during logarithmic growth phase, and enhance the TCA cycle during stationary growth phase. These findings improved our understanding of the biocontrol mechanisms of P13 and its potential application against pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaofeng Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xin Shan
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Diao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiqi Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junmin Pei
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Nakamichi Y, Kobayashi J, Toyoda K, Suda M, Hiraga K, Inui M, Watanabe M. Structural basis for the allosteric pathway of 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2023; 79:895-908. [PMID: 37712435 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798323006320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
4-Amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase (ADCS), a chorismate-utilizing enzyme, is composed of two subunits: PabA and PabB. PabA is a glutamine amidotransferase that hydrolyzes glutamine into glutamate and ammonia. PabB is an aminodeoxychorismate synthase that converts chorismate to 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate (ADC) using the ammonia produced by PabA. ADCS functions under allosteric regulation between PabA and PabB. However, the allosteric mechanism remains unresolved because the structure of the PabA-PabB complex has not been determined. Here, the crystal structure and characterization of PapA from Streptomyces venezuelae (SvPapA), a bifunctional enzyme comprising the PabA and PabB domains, is reported. SvPapA forms a unique dimer in which PabA and PabB domains from different monomers complement each other and form an active structure. The chorismate-bound structure revealed that recognition of the C1 carboxyl group by Thr501 and Gly502 of the 498-PIKTG-502 motif in the PabB domain is essential for the catalytic Lys500 to reach the C2 atom, a reaction-initiation site. SvPapA demonstrated ADCS activity in the presence of Mg2+ when glutamate or NH+4 was used as the amino donor. The crystal structure indicated that the Mg2+-binding position changed depending on the binding of chorismate. In addition, significant structural changes were observed in the PabA domain depending on the presence or absence of chorismate. This study provides insights into the structural factors that are involved in the allosteric regulation of ADCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nakamichi
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Jyumpei Kobayashi
- Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE), 9-2 Kizugawadai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0292, Japan
| | - Koichi Toyoda
- Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE), 9-2 Kizugawadai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0292, Japan
| | - Masako Suda
- Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE), 9-2 Kizugawadai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0292, Japan
| | - Kazumi Hiraga
- Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE), 9-2 Kizugawadai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0292, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inui
- Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE), 9-2 Kizugawadai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0292, Japan
| | - Masahiro Watanabe
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
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Li YX, Yue SJ, Zheng YF, Huang P, Nie YF, Hao XR, Zhang HY, Wang W, Hu HB, Zhang XH. Economical Production of Phenazine-1-carboxylic Acid from Glycerol by Pseudomonas chlororaphis Using Cost-Effective Minimal Medium. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1292. [PMID: 37887002 PMCID: PMC10604798 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Phenazine compounds are widely used in agricultural control and the medicine industry due to their high inhibitory activity against pathogens and antitumor activity. The green and sustainable method of synthesizing phenazine compounds through microbial fermentation often requires a complex culture medium containing tryptone and yeast extract, and its cost is relatively high, which greatly limits the large-scale industrial production of phenazine compounds by fermentation. The aim of this study was to develop a cost-effective minimal medium for the efficient synthesis of phenazine compounds by Pseudomonas chlororaphis. Through testing the minimum medium commonly used by Pseudomonas, an ME medium for P. chlororaphis with a high production of phenazine compounds was obtained. Then, the components of the ME medium and the other medium were compared and replaced to verify the beneficial promoting effect of Fe2+ and NH4+ on phenazine compounds. A cost-effective general defined medium (GDM) using glycerol as the sole carbon source was obtained by optimizing the composition of the ME medium. Using the GDM, the production of phenazine compounds by P. chlororaphis reached 1073.5 mg/L, which was 1.3 times that achieved using a complex medium, while the cost of the GDM was only 10% that of a complex medium (e.g., the KB medium). Finally, by engineering the glycerol metabolic pathway, the titer of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid reached the highest level achieved using a minimum medium so far. This work demonstrates how we systematically analyzed and optimized the composition of the medium and integrated a metabolic engineering method to obtain the most cost-effective fermentation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.-X.L.); (S.-J.Y.); (P.H.); (Y.-F.N.)
| | - Sheng-Jie Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.-X.L.); (S.-J.Y.); (P.H.); (Y.-F.N.)
| | - Yi-Fan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.-X.L.); (S.-J.Y.); (P.H.); (Y.-F.N.)
| | - Peng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.-X.L.); (S.-J.Y.); (P.H.); (Y.-F.N.)
| | - Yan-Fang Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.-X.L.); (S.-J.Y.); (P.H.); (Y.-F.N.)
| | - Xiang-Rui Hao
- Shanghai Nong Le Biological Products Company Limited (NLBP), Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Nong Le Biological Products Company Limited (NLBP), Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.-X.L.); (S.-J.Y.); (P.H.); (Y.-F.N.)
| | - Hong-Bo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.-X.L.); (S.-J.Y.); (P.H.); (Y.-F.N.)
- Shanghai Nongle Joint R&D Center on Biopesticides and Biofertilizers, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xue-Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.-X.L.); (S.-J.Y.); (P.H.); (Y.-F.N.)
- Shanghai Nongle Joint R&D Center on Biopesticides and Biofertilizers, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Wan Y, Liu H, Xian M, Huang W. Biosynthetic Pathway Construction and Production Enhancement of 1-Hydroxyphenazine Derivatives in Pseudomonas chlororaphis H18. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1223-1231. [PMID: 35057615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
1-Hydroxyphenazine derivatives are phenazine family chemicals with broad-spectrum antibacterial and potential biological activities. However, the lack of variety and low titer hinder their applications. In this research, three enzymes PhzS (monooxygenase), NaphzNO1 (N-monooxygenase), and LaphzM (methyltransferase) were heterologously expressed in a phenazine-1-carboxylic acid generating strain Pseudomonas chlororaphis H18. Four phenazines, 1-hydroxyphenazine, 1-methoxyphenazine, 1-hydroxyphenazine N' 10-oxide, and a novel phenazine derivative 1-methoxyphenazine N' 10-oxide, were isolated, characterized in the genetically modified strains, and exhibited excellent antimicrobial activities. Next, we verified the hydroxyl methylation activity of LaphzM and elucidated the biosynthetic pathway of 1-methoxyphenazine N' 10-oxide in vitro. Moreover, the titer of 1-hydroxyphenazine derivatives was engineered. The three compounds 1-methoxyphenazine, 1-hydroxyphenazine N' 10-oxide, and 1-methoxyphenazine N' 10-oxide all reach the highest titer reported to date. This work provides a promising platform for phenazine derivatives' combinatorial biosynthesis and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Wan
- CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongchen Liu
- CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Wei Huang
- CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Wan Y, Liu H, Xian M, Huang W. Biosynthesis and metabolic engineering of 1-hydroxyphenazine in Pseudomonas chlororaphis H18. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:235. [PMID: 34965873 PMCID: PMC8717658 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01731-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 1-Hydroxyphenazine (1-OH-PHZ) is a phenazine microbial metabolite with broad-spectrum antibacterial activities against a lot of plant pathogens. However, its use is hampered by the low yield all along. Metabolic engineering of microorganisms is an increasingly powerful method for the production of valuable organisms at high levels. Pseudomonas chlororaphis is recognized as a safe and effective plant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacterium, and faster growth rate using glycerol or glucose as a renewable carbon source. Therefore, Pseudomonas chlororaphis is particularly suitable as the chassis cell for the modification and engineering of phenazines. Results In this study, enzyme PhzS (monooxygenase) was heterologously expressed in a phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) generating strain Pseudomonas chlororaphis H18, and 1-hydroxyphenazine was isolated, characterized in the genetically modified strain. Next, the yield of 1-hydroxyphenazine was systematically engineered by the strategies including (1) semi-rational design remodeling of crucial protein PhzS, (2) blocking intermediate PCA consumption branch pathway, (3) enhancing the precursor pool, (4) engineering regulatory genes, etc. Finally, the titer of 1-hydroxyphenazine reached 3.6 g/L in 5 L fermenter in 54 h. Conclusions The 1-OH-PHZ production of Pseudomonas chlororaphis H18 was greatly improved through systematically engineering strategies, which is the highest, reported to date. This work provides a promising platform for 1-hydroxyphenazine engineering and production. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-021-01731-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Wan
- CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongchen Liu
- CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Ding Y, Li X, Horsman GP, Li P, Wang M, Li J, Zhang Z, Liu W, Wu B, Tao Y, Chen Y. Construction of an Alternative NAD + De Novo Biosynthesis Pathway. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2004632. [PMID: 33977072 PMCID: PMC8097395 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a life essential molecule involved in versatile biological processes. To date, only two de novo biosynthetic routes to NAD+ are described, both of which start from a proteinogenic amino acid and are tightly controlled. Here, a de novo quinolinic acid pathway starting from chorismate, which provides an alternative route (named as the C3N pathway) to NAD+ biosynthesis, is established. Significantly, the C3N pathway yields extremely high cellular concentrations of NAD(H) in E. coli. Its utility in cofactor engineering is demonstrated by introducing the four-gene C3N module to cell factories to achieve higher production of 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and develop an efficient C3N-based whole-cell bioconversion system for preparing chiral amines. The wide distribution and abundance of chorismate in most kingdoms of life implies a general utility of the C3N pathway for modulating cellular levels of NAD(H) in versatile organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic EngineeringInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xinli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic EngineeringInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Geoff P. Horsman
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryWilfrid Laurier UniversityWaterlooONN2L3C5Canada
| | - Pengwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic EngineeringInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic EngineeringInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Jine Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic EngineeringInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101P. R. China
| | - Zhilong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic EngineeringInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic EngineeringInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101P. R. China
| | - Bian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic EngineeringInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yong Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic EngineeringInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic EngineeringInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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Guo S, Wang Y, Bilal M, Hu H, Wang W, Zhang X. Microbial Synthesis of Antibacterial Phenazine-1,6-dicarboxylic Acid and the Role of PhzG in Pseudomonas chlororaphis GP72AN. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2373-2380. [PMID: 32013409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas chlororaphis have been demonstrated to be environmentally friendly biocontrol strains, and most of them can produce phenazine compounds. Phenazine-1,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDC), with a potential antibacterial activity, is generally found in Streptomyces but not in Pseudomonas. The present study aimed to explore the feasibility of PDC synthesis and the function of PhzG in Pseudomonas. A PDC producer was constructed by replacing phzG in P. chlororaphis with lphzG from Streptomyces lomondensis. Through gene deletion, common start codon changing, gene silence, and in vitro assay, our result revealed that the yield of PDC in P. chlororaphis is associated with the relative expression of phzG to phzA and phzB. In addition, it is found that PDC can be spontaneously synthesized without PhzG. This study provides an efficient way for PDC production and promotes a better understanding of PhzG function in PDC biosynthesis. Moreover, this study gives an alternative opportunity for developing new antibacterial biopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Yining Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
- National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
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Interdependency of Respiratory Metabolism and Phenazine-Associated Physiology in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14. J Bacteriol 2020; 202:JB.00700-19. [PMID: 31767778 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00700-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular electron transfer (EET), the reduction of compounds that shuttle electrons to distal oxidants, can support bacterial survival when preferred oxidants are not directly accessible. EET has been shown to contribute to virulence in some pathogenic organisms and is required for current generation in mediator-based fuel cells. In several species, components of the electron transport chain (ETC) have been implicated in electron shuttle reduction, raising the question of how shuttling-based metabolism is integrated with primary routes of metabolic electron flow. The clinically relevant bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa can utilize carbon sources (i.e., electron donors) covering a broad range of reducing potentials and possesses a branched ETC that can be modulated to optimize respiratory efficiency. It also produces electron shuttles called phenazines that facilitate intracellular redox balancing, increasing the complexity of its metabolic potential. In this study, we investigated the reciprocal influence of respiratory metabolism and phenazine-associated physiology in P. aeruginosa PA14. We found that phenazine production affects respiratory activity and terminal oxidase gene expression and that carbon source identity influences the mechanisms enabling phenazine reduction. Furthermore, we found that growth in biofilms, a condition for which phenazine metabolism is critical to normal development and redox balancing, affects the composition of the P. aeruginosa phenazine pool. Together, these findings can aid interpretation of P. aeruginosa behavior during host infection and provide inroads to understanding the cross talk between primary metabolism and shuttling-based physiology in the diverse bacteria that carry out EET.IMPORTANCE The clinically relevant pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses diverse organic compounds as electron donors and possesses multiple enzymes that transfer electrons from central metabolism to O2 These pathways support a balanced intracellular redox state and produce cellular energy. P. aeruginosa also reduces secondary metabolites called phenazines to promote redox homeostasis and virulence. In this study, we examined the reciprocal relationship between these primary and secondary routes of electron flow. We found that phenazines affect respiratory function and that the complement of phenazines produced is strongly affected by growth in assemblages called biofilms. These results provide a more nuanced understanding of P. aeruginosa redox metabolism and may inform strategies for treating persistent infections caused by this bacterium.
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Bidossi A, Bottagisio M, De Grandi R, Drago L, De Vecchi E. Chlorquinaldol, a topical agent for skin and wound infections: anti-biofilm activity and biofilm-related antimicrobial cross-resistance. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:2177-2189. [PMID: 31410037 PMCID: PMC6650094 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s211007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Persistence of skin and wound infections is nowadays accepted being linked to bacterial biofilms, which are highly recalcitrant to treatments and contribute to maintain a constant inflammation state and prevent a correct healing. Topical antimicrobials are the most common first-line self-medications; however, treatment failure is not uncommon and emerging resistance to antibiotics is alarming. Chlorquinaldol is an antimicrobial with a wide spectrum of activity and desirable characteristics for topical application. Aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of chlorquinaldol to prevent or eradicate S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilms, in comparison to classic topical antibiotics like gentamicin and fusidic acid. Methods Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were assessed for each strain and subinhibitory concentrations (½ and ¼ MIC) were used in the biofilm assay. Antimicrobial assays were performed during biofilm formation or were applied on mature biofilms and were evaluated by means of crystal violet assay and confocal laser scan microscopy. Results Chlorquinaldol and gentamicin were the most effective antimicrobials in both eradicating and preventing pathogens biofilm; however, resistance to methicillin and impermeability to carbapenems impaired chlorquinaldol effect. In addition, similarly to other hydroxyquinolines, aspecific metal chelation is here proposed as chlorquinaldol mode of action. Conclusion Relying on an acceptable antibiofilm and a wide spectrum of activity, an aspecific mode of action and consequent absence of resistance development, chlorquinaldol proved to be a good antimicrobial for topical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bidossi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Bottagisio
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta De Grandi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Drago
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena De Vecchi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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Fries A, Mazzaferro LS, Grüning B, Bisel P, Stibal K, Buchholz PCF, Pleiss J, Sprenger GA, Müller M. Alteration of the Route to Menaquinone towards Isochorismate-Derived Metabolites. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1672-1677. [PMID: 30866142 PMCID: PMC6618250 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chorismate and isochorismate constitute branch-point intermediates in the biosynthesis of many aromatic metabolites in microorganisms and plants. To obtain unnatural compounds, we modified the route to menaquinone in Escherichia coli. We propose a model for the binding of isochorismate to the active site of MenD ((1R,2S, 5S,6S)-2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxycyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate (SEPHCHC) synthase) that explains the outcome of the native reaction with α-ketoglutarate. We have rationally designed variants of MenD for the conversion of several isochorismate analogues. The double-variant Asn117Arg-Leu478Thr preferentially converts (5S,6S)-5,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylate (2,3-trans-CHD), the hydrolysis product of isochorismate, with a >70-fold higher ratio than that for the wild type. The single-variant Arg107Ile uses (5S,6S)-6-amino-5-hydroxycyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylate (2,3-trans-CHA) as substrate with >6-fold conversion compared to wild-type MenD. The novel compounds have been made accessible in vivo (up to 5.3 g L-1 ). Unexpectedly, as the identified residues such as Arg107 are highly conserved (>94 %), some of the designed variations can be found in wild-type SEPHCHC synthases from other bacteria (Arg107Lys, 0.3 %). This raises the question for the possible natural occurrence of as yet unexplored branches of the shikimate pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Fries
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstrasse 2579104FreiburgGermany
- INCITAP-CONICET, Departamento de QuímicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de La PampaAvenida Uruguay 1516300Santa RosaLa PampaArgentina
| | - Laura S. Mazzaferro
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstrasse 2579104FreiburgGermany
- INCITAP-CONICET, Departamento de QuímicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de La PampaAvenida Uruguay 1516300Santa RosaLa PampaArgentina
| | - Björn Grüning
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstrasse 2579104FreiburgGermany
| | - Philippe Bisel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstrasse 2579104FreiburgGermany
| | - Karin Stibal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstrasse 2579104FreiburgGermany
| | - Patrick C. F. Buchholz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical BiochemistryUniversity of StuttgartAllmandring 3170569StuttgartGermany
| | - Jürgen Pleiss
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical BiochemistryUniversity of StuttgartAllmandring 3170569StuttgartGermany
| | - Georg A. Sprenger
- Institute of MicrobiologyUniversity of StuttgartAllmandring 3170569StuttgartGermany
| | - Michael Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstrasse 2579104FreiburgGermany
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11
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Shelton CL, Lamb AL. Unraveling the Structure and Mechanism of the MST(ery) Enzymes. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:342-357. [PMID: 29573882 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The menaquinone, siderophore, and tryptophan (MST) enzymes transform chorismate to generate precursor molecules for the biosynthetic pathways defined in their name. Kinetic data, both steady-state and transient-state, and X-ray crystal structures indicate that these enzymes are highly conserved both in mechanism and in structure. Because these enzymes are found in pathogens but not in humans, there is considerable interest in these enzymes as drug design targets. While great progress has been made in defining enzyme structure and mechanism, inhibitor design has lagged behind. This review provides a detailed description of the evidence that begins to unravel the mystery of how the MST enzymes work, and how that information has been used in inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Shelton
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Audrey L Lamb
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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12
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Losada AA, Cano-Prieto C, García-Salcedo R, Braña AF, Méndez C, Salas JA, Olano C. Caboxamycin biosynthesis pathway and identification of novel benzoxazoles produced by cross-talk in Streptomyces sp. NTK 937. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10:873-885. [PMID: 28417606 PMCID: PMC5481532 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces sp. NTK937, producer of benzoxazole antibiotic caboxamycin, produces in addition a methyl ester derivative, O‐methylcaboxamycin. Caboxamycin cluster, comprising one regulatory and nine structural genes, has been delimited, and each gene has been individually inactivated to demonstrate its role in the biosynthetic process. The O‐methyltransferase potentially responsible for O‐methylcaboxamycin synthesis would reside outside this cluster. Five of the genes, cbxR, cbxA, cbxB, cbxD and cbxE, encoding a SARP transcriptional regulator, salicylate synthase, 3‐oxoacyl‐ACP‐synthase, ACP and amidohydrolase, respectively, have been found to be essential for caboxamycin biosynthesis. The remaining five structural genes were found to have paralogues distributed throughout the genome, capable of partaking in the process when their cluster homologue is inactivated. Two of such paralogues, cbxC’ and cbxI’, coding an AMP‐dependent synthetase‐ligase and an anthranilate synthase, respectively, have been identified. However, the other three genes might simultaneously have more than one paralogue, given that cbxF (DAHP synthase), cbxG (2,3‐dihydro‐2,3‐dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase) and cbxH (isochorismatase) have three, three and five putative paralogue genes, respectively, of similar function within the genome. As a result of genetic manipulation, a novel benzoxazole (3′‐hydroxycaboxamycin) has been identified in the salicylate synthase‐deficient mutant strain ΔcbxA. 3′‐hydroxycaboxamycin derives from the cross‐talk between the caboxamycin and enterobactin pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando A Losada
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carolina Cano-Prieto
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Raúl García-Salcedo
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alfredo F Braña
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carmen Méndez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - José A Salas
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos Olano
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
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13
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Jin XJ, Peng HS, Hu HB, Huang XQ, Wang W, Zhang XH. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis reveals potential factors associated with the enhancement of phenazine-1-carboxamide production in Pseudomonas chlororaphis P3. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27393. [PMID: 27273243 PMCID: PMC4895345 DOI: 10.1038/srep27393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN), a phenazine derivative, is strongly antagonistic to fungal phytopathogens. Pseudomonas chlororaphis HT66 is a PCN-producing, non-pathogenic biocontrol strain, and we obtained the mutant P. chlororaphis P3, which produces 4.7 times more PCN than the wild-type HT66 strain. To reveal the cause of PCN production enhancement in P3 and find potential factors related to PCN biosynthesis, an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis was used to study the expression changes between the two strains. Of the 452 differentially expressed proteins, most were functionally mapped into PCN biosynthesis pathway or other related metabolisms. The upregulation of proteins, including PhzA/B, PhzD, PhzF, PhzG, and PhzH, involved in PCN biosynthesis was in agreement with the efficient production of PCN in P3. A number of proteins that function primarily in energy production, amino acid metabolism, and secondary metabolism played important roles in PCN biosynthesis. Notably, proteins involved in the uptake and conversion of phosphate, inorganic nitrogen sources, and iron improved the PCN production. Furthermore, the type VI secretion system may participate in the secretion or/and indirect biosynthetic regulation of PCN in P. chlororaphis. This study provides valuable clues to better understand the biosynthesis, excretion and regulation of PCN in Pseudomonas and also provides potential gene targets for further engineering high-yield strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hua-Song Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hong-Bo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xian-Qing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xue-Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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14
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Zhao Y, Qian G, Ye Y, Wright S, Chen H, Shen Y, Liu F, Du L. Heterocyclic Aromatic N-Oxidation in the Biosynthesis of Phenazine Antibiotics from Lysobacter antibioticus. Org Lett 2016; 18:2495-8. [PMID: 27145204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic aromatic N-oxides often have potent biological activities, but the mechanism for aromatic N-oxidation is unclear. Six phenazine antibiotics were isolated from Lysobacter antibioticus OH13. A 10 gene cluster was identified for phenazine biosynthesis. Mutation of LaPhzNO1 abolished all N-oxides, while non-oxides markedly increased. LaPhzNO1 is homologous to Baeyer-Villiger flavoproteins but was shown to catazlye phenazine N-oxidation. LaPhzNO1 and LaPhzS together converted phenazine 1,6-dicarboxylic acid to 1,6-dihydroxyphenazine N5,N10-dioxide. LaPhzNO1 also catalyzed N-oxidation of 8-hydroxyquinoline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Guoliang Qian
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yonghao Ye
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Stephen Wright
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Haotong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Yuemao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China.,Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science , Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Liangcheng Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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15
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Alcaligenes faecalis ZD02, a Novel Nematicidal Bacterium with an Extracellular Serine Protease Virulence Factor. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:2112-2120. [PMID: 26826227 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03444-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Root knot nematodes (RKNs) are the world's most damaging plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs), and they can infect almost all crops. At present, harmful chemical nematicides are applied to control RKNs. Using microbial nematicides has been proposed as a better management strategy than chemical control. In this study, we describe a novel nematicidal bacterium named Alcaligenes faecalis ZD02. A. faecalis ZD02 was isolated from Caenorhabditis elegans cadavers and has nematostatic and nematicidal activity, as confirmed by C. elegans growth assay and life span assay. In addition, A. faecalis ZD02 fermentation broth showed toxicity against C. elegans and Meloidogyne incognita. To identify the nematicidal virulence factor, the genome of strain ZD02 was sequenced. By comparing all of the predicted proteins of strain ZD02 to reported nematicidal virulence factors, we determined that an extracellular serine protease (Esp) has potential to be a nematicidal virulence factor, which was confirmed by bioassay on C. elegans and M. incognita. Using C. elegans as the target model, we found that both A. faecalis ZD02 and the virulence factor Esp can damage the intestines of C. elegans. The discovery that A. faecalis ZD02 has nematicidal activity provides a novel bacterial resource for the control of RKNs.
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16
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Culbertson JE, Chung DH, Ziebart KT, Espiritu E, Toney MD. Conversion of aminodeoxychorismate synthase into anthranilate synthase with Janus mutations: mechanism of pyruvate elimination catalyzed by chorismate enzymes. Biochemistry 2015; 54:2372-84. [PMID: 25710100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The central importance of chorismate enzymes in bacteria, fungi, parasites, and plants combined with their absence in mammals makes them attractive targets for antimicrobials and herbicides. Two of these enzymes, anthranilate synthase (AS) and aminodeoxychorismate synthase (ADCS), are structurally and mechanistically similar. The first catalytic step, amination at C2, is common between them, but AS additionally catalyzes pyruvate elimination, aromatizing the aminated intermediate to anthranilate. Despite prior attempts, the conversion of a pyruvate elimination-deficient enzyme into an elimination-proficient one has not been reported. Janus, a bioinformatics method for predicting mutations required to functionally interconvert homologous enzymes, was employed to predict mutations to convert ADCS into AS. A genetic selection on a library of Janus-predicted mutations was performed. Complementation of an AS-deficient strain of Escherichia coli grown on minimal medium led to several ADCS mutants that allow growth in 6 days compared to 2 days for wild-type AS. The purified mutant enzymes catalyze the conversion of chorismate to anthranilate at rates that are ∼50% of the rate of wild-type ADCS-catalyzed conversion of chorismate to aminodeoxychorismate. The residues mutated do not contact the substrate. Molecular dynamics studies suggest that pyruvate elimination is controlled by the conformation of the C2-aminated intermediate. Enzymes that catalyze elimination favor the equatorial conformation, which presents the C2-H to a conserved active site lysine (Lys424) for deprotonation and maximizes stereoelectronic activation. Acid/base catalysis of pyruvate elimination was confirmed in AS and salicylate synthase by showing incorporation of a solvent-derived proton into the pyruvate methyl group and by solvent kinetic isotope effects on pyruvate elimination catalyzed by AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin E Culbertson
- †Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Dong hee Chung
- †Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Kristin T Ziebart
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, United States
| | - Eduardo Espiritu
- §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Michael D Toney
- †Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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17
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Li J, Xie Z, Wang M, Ai G, Chen Y. Identification and analysis of the paulomycin biosynthetic gene cluster and titer improvement of the paulomycins in Streptomyces paulus NRRL 8115. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120542. [PMID: 25822496 PMCID: PMC4425429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The paulomycins are a group of glycosylated compounds featuring a unique paulic
acid moiety. To locate their biosynthetic gene clusters, the genomes of two
paulomycin producers, Streptomyces paulus NRRL 8115 and
Streptomyces sp. YN86, were sequenced. The paulomycin
biosynthetic gene clusters were defined by comparative analyses of the two
genomes together with the genome of the third paulomycin producer
Streptomyces albus J1074. Subsequently, the identity of the
paulomycin biosynthetic gene cluster was confirmed by inactivation of two genes
involved in biosynthesis of the paulomycose branched chain
(pau11) and the ring A moiety (pau18) in
Streptomyces paulus NRRL 8115. After determining the gene
cluster boundaries, a convergent biosynthetic model was proposed for paulomycin
based on the deduced functions of the pau genes. Finally, a
paulomycin high-producing strain was constructed by expressing an
activator-encoding gene (pau13) in S.
paulus, setting the stage for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jine Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of
Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, P. R.
China
| | - Zhoujie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of
Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, P. R.
China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of
Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, P. R.
China
| | - Guomin Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of
Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, P. R.
China
| | - Yihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of
Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, P. R.
China
- * E-mail:
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