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Fouad A, Hegazy AE, Azab E, Khojah E, Kapiel T. Boosting of Antioxidants and Alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus Suspension Cultures Using Silver Nanoparticles with Expression of CrMPK3 and STR Genes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2202. [PMID: 34686014 PMCID: PMC8538313 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Global agricultural systems are under unprecedented pressures due to climate change. Advanced nano-engineering can help increase crop yields while ensuring sustainability. Nanotechnology improves agricultural productivity by boosting input efficiency and reducing waste. Alkaloids as one of the numerous secondary metabolites that serve variety of cellular functions essential for physiological processes. This study tests the competence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in boosting alkaloids accumulation in Catharanthus roseus suspension cultures in relation to the expression of C. roseus Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase 3 (CrMPK3) and Strictosidine Synthase (STR) genes. Five concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg·L-1) of AgNPs were utilized in addition to deionized water as control. Results reflected binary positive correlations among AgNPs concentration, oxidative stress indicated with increase in hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents, activities of ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, expression of the regulatory gene CrMPK3 and the alkaloid biosynthetic gene STR as well as alkaloids accumulation. These correlations add to the growing evidence that AgNPs can trigger the accumulation of alkaloids in plant cells through a signaling pathway that involves hydrogen peroxide and MAPKs, leading to up-regulation of the biosynthetic genes, including STR gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fouad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt;
| | - Adel E. Hegazy
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt;
| | - Ehab Azab
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.); (E.K.)
| | - Ebtihal Khojah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.); (E.K.)
| | - Tarek Kapiel
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt;
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2
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Xu M, Tian X, Ku T, Wang G, Zhang E. Global Identification and Systematic Analysis of Lysine Malonylation in Maize ( Zea mays L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:728338. [PMID: 34490025 PMCID: PMC8417889 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.728338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lysine malonylation is a kind of post-translational modifications (PTMs) discovered in recent years, which plays an important regulatory role in plants. Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major global cereal crop. Immunoblotting revealed that maize was rich in malonylated proteins. We therefore performed a qualitative malonylome analysis to globally identify malonylated proteins in maize. In total, 1,722 uniquely malonylated lysine residues were obtained in 810 proteins. The modified proteins were involved in various biological processes such as photosynthesis, ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation. Notably, a large proportion of the modified proteins (45%) were located in chloroplast. Further functional analysis revealed that 30 proteins in photosynthesis and 15 key enzymes in the Calvin cycle were malonylated, suggesting an indispensable regulatory role of malonylation in photosynthesis and carbon fixation. This work represents the first comprehensive survey of malonylome in maize and provides an important resource for exploring the function of lysine malonylation in physiological regulation of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaomin Tian
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tingting Ku
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangyuan Wang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Enying Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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3
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Castro B, Citterico M, Kimura S, Stevens DM, Wrzaczek M, Coaker G. Stress-induced reactive oxygen species compartmentalization, perception and signalling. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:403-412. [PMID: 33846592 PMCID: PMC8751180 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for life and are involved in the regulation of almost all biological processes. ROS production is critical for plant development, response to abiotic stresses and immune responses. Here, we focus on recent discoveries in ROS biology emphasizing abiotic and biotic stress responses. Recent advancements have resulted in the identification of one of the first sensors for extracellular ROS and highlighted waves of ROS production during stress signalling in Arabidopsis. Enzymes that produce ROS, including NADPH oxidases, exhibit precise regulation through diverse post-translational modifications. Discoveries highlight the importance of both amino- and carboxy-terminal regulation of NADPH oxidases through protein phosphorylation and cysteine oxidation. Here, we discuss advancements in ROS compartmentalization, systemic ROS waves, ROS sensing and post-translational modification of ROS-producing enzymes and identify areas where foundational gaps remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bardo Castro
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Matteo Citterico
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sachie Kimura
- Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Danielle M Stevens
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michael Wrzaczek
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Gitta Coaker
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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Dvořák P, Krasylenko Y, Zeiner A, Šamaj J, Takáč T. Signaling Toward Reactive Oxygen Species-Scavenging Enzymes in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:618835. [PMID: 33597960 PMCID: PMC7882706 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.618835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signaling molecules essential for plant responses to abiotic and biotic stimuli as well as for multiple developmental processes. They are produced as byproducts of aerobic metabolism and are affected by adverse environmental conditions. The ROS content is controlled on the side of their production but also by scavenging machinery. Antioxidant enzymes represent a major ROS-scavenging force and are crucial for stress tolerance in plants. Enzymatic antioxidant defense occurs as a series of redox reactions for ROS elimination. Therefore, the deregulation of the antioxidant machinery may lead to the overaccumulation of ROS in plants, with negative consequences both in terms of plant development and resistance to environmental challenges. The transcriptional activation of antioxidant enzymes accompanies the long-term exposure of plants to unfavorable environmental conditions. Fast ROS production requires the immediate mobilization of the antioxidant defense system, which may occur via retrograde signaling, redox-based modifications, and the phosphorylation of ROS detoxifying enzymes. This review aimed to summarize the current knowledge on signaling processes regulating the enzymatic antioxidant capacity of plants.
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5
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Mukherjee S. Cysteine modifications (oxPTM) and protein sulphenylation-mediated sulfenome expression in plants: evolutionary conserved signaling networks? PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1831792. [PMID: 33300450 PMCID: PMC7781837 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1831792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant resilience to oxidative stress possibly operates through the restoration of intracellular redox milieu and the activity of various posttranslationally modified proteins. Among various modes of redox regulation operative in plants cys oxPTMs are brought about by the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and hydrogen peroxide. Cysteine oxPTMs are capable of transducing ROS-mediated long-distance hormone signaling (ABA, JA, SA) in plants. S-sulphenylation is an intermediary modification en route to other oxidative states of cysteine. In silico analysis have revealed evolutionary conservation of certain S-sulphenylated proteins across human and plants. Further analysis of protein sulphenylation in plants should be extended to the functional follow-up studies followed by site-specific characterization and case-by-case validation of protein activity. The repertoire of physiological methods (fluorescent conjugates (dimedone) and yeast AP-1 (YAP1)-based genetic probes) in the recent past has been successful in the detection of sulphenylated proteins and other cysteine-based modifications in plants. In view of a better understanding of the sulfur-based redoxome it is necessary to update our timely progress on the methodological advancements for the detection of cysteine-based oxPTM. This substantiative information can extend our investigations on plant-environment interaction thus improving crop manipulation strategies. The simulation-based computational approach has emerged as a new method to determine the directive mechanism of cysteine oxidation in plants. Thus, sulfenome analysis in various plant systems might reflect as a pinnacle of plant redox biology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, West, Bengal, India
- CONTACT Soumya Mukherjee Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, West, Bengal742213, India
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6
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Zhang T, Gaffrey MJ, Li X, Qian WJ. Characterization of cellular oxidative stress response by stoichiometric redox proteomics. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 320:C182-C194. [PMID: 33264075 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00040.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The thiol redox proteome refers to all proteins whose cysteine thiols are subjected to various redox-dependent posttranslational modifications (PTMs) including S-glutathionylation (SSG), S-nitrosylation (SNO), S-sulfenylation (SOH), and S-sulfhydration (SSH). These modifications can impact various aspects of protein function such as activity, binding, conformation, localization, and interactions with other molecules. To identify novel redox proteins in signaling and regulation, it is highly desirable to have robust redox proteomics methods that can provide global, site-specific, and stoichiometric quantification of redox PTMs. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based redox proteomics has emerged as the primary platform for broad characterization of thiol PTMs in cells and tissues. Herein, we review recent advances in MS-based redox proteomics approaches for quantitative profiling of redox PTMs at physiological or oxidative stress conditions and highlight some recent applications. Considering the relative maturity of available methods, emphasis will be on two types of modifications: 1) total oxidation (i.e., all reversible thiol modifications), the level of which represents the overall redox state, and 2) S-glutathionylation, a major form of reversible thiol oxidation. We also discuss the significance of stoichiometric measurements of thiol PTMs as well as future perspectives toward a better understanding of cellular redox regulatory networks in cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Integrative Omics, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
| | - Matthew J Gaffrey
- Integrative Omics, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Integrative Omics, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.,Bioproducts Sciences and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, Washington
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Integrative Omics, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
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7
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Zhang T, Chhajed S, Schneider JD, Feng G, Song WY, Chen S. Proteomic characterization of MPK4 signaling network and putative substrates. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 101:325-339. [PMID: 31399934 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00908-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Combining genetic engineering of MPK4 activity and quantitative proteomics, we established an in planta system that enables rapid study of MPK4 signaling networks and potential substrate proteins. Mitogen activated protein kinase 4 (MPK4) is a multifunctional kinase that regulates various signaling events in plant defense, growth, light response and cytokinesis. The question of how a single protein modulates many distinct processes has spurred extensive research into the physiological outcomes resulting from genetic perturbation of MPK4. However, the mechanism by which MPK4 functions is still poorly understood due to limited data on the MPK4 networks including substrate proteins and downstream pathways. Here we introduce an experimental system that combines genetic engineering of kinase activity and quantitative proteomics to rapidly study the signaling networks of MPK4. First, we transiently expressed a constitutively active (MPK4CA) and an inactive (MPK4IN) version of a Brassica napus MPK4 (BnMPK4) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Proteomics analysis revealed that BnMPK4 activation affects multiple pathways (e.g., metabolism, redox regulation, jasmonic acid biosynthesis and stress responses). Furthermore, BnMPK4 activation also increased protein phosphorylation in the phosphoproteome, from which putative MPK4 substrates were identified. Using protein kinase assay, we validated that a transcription factor TCP8-like (TCP8) and a PP2A regulatory subunit TAP46-like (TAP46) were indeed phosphorylated by BnMPK4. Taken together, we demonstrated the utility of proteomics and phosphoproteomics in elucidating kinase signaling networks and in identification of downstream substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Lab, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Shweta Chhajed
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | | | - Guanqiao Feng
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Wen-Yuan Song
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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8
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Singh A, Kumar A, Yadav S, Singh IK. Reactive oxygen species-mediated signaling during abiotic stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2019.100173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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9
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Meng L, Zhang T, Geng S, Scott PB, Li H, Chen S. Comparative proteomics and metabolomics of JAZ7-mediated drought tolerance in Arabidopsis. J Proteomics 2019; 196:81-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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10
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Zhang T, Schneider JD, Lin C, Geng S, Ma T, Lawrence SR, Dufresne CP, Harmon AC, Chen S. MPK4 Phosphorylation Dynamics and Interacting Proteins in Plant Immunity. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:826-840. [PMID: 30632760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis MAP kinase 4 (MPK4) has been proposed to be a negative player in plant immunity, and it is also activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as flg22. The molecular mechanisms by which MPK4 is activated and regulates plant defense remain elusive. In this study, we investigated Arabidopsis defense against a bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato ( Pst) DC3000 when Brassica napus MPK4 ( BnMPK4) is overexpressed. We showed an increase in pathogen resistance and suppression of jasmonic acid (JA) signaling in the BnMPK4 overexpressing (OE) plants. We also showed that the OE plants have increased sensitivity to flg22-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst in guard cells, which resulted in enhanced stomatal closure compared to wild-type (WT). During flg22 activation, dynamic phosphorylation events within and outside of the conserved TEY activation loop were observed. To elucidate how BnMPK4 functions during the defense response, we used immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry (IP-MS) to identify BnMPK4 interacting proteins in the absence and presence of flg22. Quantitative proteomic analysis revealed a shift in the MPK4-associated protein network, providing insight into the molecular functions of MPK4 at the systems level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Craig P Dufresne
- Thermo Fisher Scientific , 1400 Northpoint Parkway , West Palm Beach , Florida 33407 , United States
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11
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Lin C, Chen S. New functions of an old kinase MPK4 in guard cells. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1477908. [PMID: 29944443 PMCID: PMC6103285 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1477908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) cascades play important roles in plant development, immune signaling and stress responses. MPK4 was initially identified as a negative regulator in systemic acquired resistance (SAR) because the levels of salicylic acid (SA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were higher in the Arabidopsis mpk4 mutant. MPK4 is highly expressed in guard cells, specialized epidermal cells forming stomatal pores on leaf surface that function at the frontline of bacterial pathogen invasion. In addition to biotic stresses, stomatal guard cells also mediate cellular responses to abiotic stimuli such as drought and CO2 changes. MPK4 appears to play different roles in different plant systems. In this review, we briefly discuss the protein kinase MPK4 functions and focus on its signaling roles in different plant systems, especially in stomatal guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Lin
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida Genetics Institute (UFGI), Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - S. Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida Genetics Institute (UFGI), Gainesville, FL, USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (ICBR), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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12
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He H, Van Breusegem F, Mhamdi A. Redox-dependent control of nuclear transcription in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3359-3372. [PMID: 29659979 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Redox-dependent regulatory networks are affected by altered cellular or extracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Perturbations of ROS production and scavenging homeostasis have a considerable impact on the nuclear transcriptome. While the regulatory mechanisms by which ROS modulate gene transcription in prokaryotes, lower eukaryotes, and mammalian cells are well established, new insights into the mechanism underlying redox control of gene expression in plants have only recently been known. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the current knowledge on how ROS and thiol-dependent transcriptional regulatory networks are controlled. We assess the impact of redox perturbations and oxidative stress on transcriptome adjustments using cat2 mutants as a model system and discuss how redox homeostasis can modify the various parts of the transcriptional machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaming He
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
| | - Amna Mhamdi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
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13
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Ma T, Yoo MJ, Zhang T, Liu L, Koh J, Song WY, Harmon AC, Sha W, Chen S. Characterization of thiol-based redox modifications of Brassica napusSNF1-related protein kinase 2.6-2C. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:628-645. [PMID: 29632815 PMCID: PMC5881534 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sucrose nonfermenting 1‐related protein kinase 2.6 (SnRK2.6), also known as Open Stomata 1 (OST1) in Arabidopsis thaliana, plays a pivotal role in abscisic acid (ABA)‐mediated stomatal closure. Four SnRK2.6 paralogs were identified in the Brassica napus genome in our previous work. Here we studied one of the paralogs, BnSnRK2.6‐2C, which was transcriptionally induced by ABA in guard cells. Recombinant BnSnRK2.6‐2C exhibited autophosphorylation activity and its phosphorylation sites were mapped. The autophosphorylation activity was inhibited by S‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and by oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and the inhibition was reversed by reductants. Using monobromobimane (mBBr) labeling, we demonstrated a dose‐dependent modification of BnSnRK2.6‐2C by GSNO. Furthermore, mass spectrometry analysis revealed previously uncharacterized thiol‐based modifications including glutathionylation and sulfonic acid formation. Of the six cysteine residues in BnSnRK2.6‐2C, C159 was found to have different types of thiol modifications, suggesting its high redox sensitivity and versatility. In addition, mBBr labeling on tyrosine residues was identified. Collectively, these data provide detailed biochemical characterization of redox‐induced modifications and changes of the BnSnRK2.6‐2C activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Ma
- College of Life Sciences Northeast Forestry University Harbin China.,Department of Biology Genetics Institute University of Florida Gainesville FL USA.,College of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry Qiqihar University Heilongjiang China
| | - Mi-Jeong Yoo
- Department of Biology Genetics Institute University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Biology Genetics Institute University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Lihong Liu
- Department of Biology Genetics Institute University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Jin Koh
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Wen-Yuan Song
- Department of Plant Pathology University of Florida Gainesville FL USA.,Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Alice C Harmon
- Department of Biology Genetics Institute University of Florida Gainesville FL USA.,Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Wei Sha
- College of Life Sciences Northeast Forestry University Harbin China.,College of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry Qiqihar University Heilongjiang China
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology Genetics Institute University of Florida Gainesville FL USA.,Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research University of Florida Gainesville FL USA.,Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
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14
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Zhang T, Meng L, Kong W, Yin Z, Wang Y, Schneider JD, Chen S. Quantitative proteomics reveals a role of JAZ7 in plant defense response to Pseudomonas syringae DC3000. J Proteomics 2018; 175:114-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Kinase-mediated phosphorylation is a pivotal regulatory process in stomatal responses to stresses. Through a redox proteomics study, a sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase (SnRK2.4) was identified to be redox-regulated in Brassica napus guard cells upon abscisic acid treatment. There are six genes encoding SnRK2.4 paralogs in B. napus Here, we show that recombinant BnSnRK2.4-1C exhibited autophosphorylation activity and preferentially phosphorylated the N-terminal region of B. napus slow anion channel (BnSLAC1-NT) over generic substrates. The in vitro activity of BnSnRK2.4-1C requires the presence of manganese (Mn2+). Phosphorylation sites of autophosphorylated BnSnRK2.4-1C were mapped, including serine and threonine residues in the activation loop. In vitro BnSnRK2.4-1C autophosphorylation activity was inhibited by oxidants such as H2O2 and recovered by active thioredoxin isoforms, indicating redox regulation of BnSnRK2.4-1C. Thiol-specific isotope tagging followed by mass spectrometry analysis revealed specific cysteine residues responsive to oxidant treatments. The in vivo activity of BnSnRK2.4-1C is inhibited by 15 min of H2O2 treatment. Taken together, these data indicate that BnSnRK2.4-1C, an SnRK preferentially expressed in guard cells, is redox-regulated with potential roles in guard cell signal transduction.
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16
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Zhang T, Schneider JD, Zhu N, Chen S. Identification of MAPK Substrates Using Quantitative Phosphoproteomics. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1578:133-142. [PMID: 28220420 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6859-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) under diverse biotic and abiotic factors and identification of an array of downstream MAPK target proteins are hot topics in plant signal transduction. Through interactions with a plethora of substrate proteins, MAPK cascades regulate many physiological processes in the course of plant growth, development, and response to environmental factors. Identification and quantification of potential MAPK substrates are essential, but have been technically challenging. With the recent advancement in phosphoproteomics, here we describe a method that couples metal dioxide for phosphopeptide enrichment with tandem mass tags (TMT) mass spectrometry (MS) for large-scale MAPK substrate identification and quantification. We have applied this method to a transient expression system carrying a wild type (WT) and a constitutive active (CA) version of a MAPK. This combination of genetically engineered MAPKs and phosphoproteomics provides a high-throughput, unbiased analysis of MAPK-triggered phosphorylation changes on the proteome scale. Therefore, it is a robust method for identifying potential MAPK substrates and should be applicable in the study of other kinase cascades in plants as well as in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jacqueline D Schneider
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Ning Zhu
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Liu Y, He C. A review of redox signaling and the control of MAP kinase pathway in plants. Redox Biol 2016; 11:192-204. [PMID: 27984790 PMCID: PMC5157795 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are evolutionarily conserved modules among eukaryotic species that range from yeast, plants, flies to mammals. In eukaryotic cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) has both physiological and toxic effects. Both MAPK cascades and ROS signaling are involved in plant response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. It has been observed that not only can ROS induce MAPK activation, but also that disturbing MAPK cascades can modulate ROS production and responses. This review will discuss the potential mechanisms by which ROS may activate and/or regulate MAPK cascades in plants. The role of MAPK cascades and ROS signaling in regulating gene expression, stomatal function, and programmed cell death (PCD) is also discussed. In addition, the relationship between Rboh-dependent ROS production and MAPK activation in PAMP-triggered immunity will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Si, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Forest Genetic and Tree Improvement & Propagation in Universities of Yunnan Province, College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Si, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chengzhong He
- Key Laboratory for Forest Genetic and Tree Improvement & Propagation in Universities of Yunnan Province, College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Si, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
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Zhang T, Chen S, Harmon AC. Protein-protein interactions in plant mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:607-18. [PMID: 26646897 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) form tightly controlled signaling cascades that play essential roles in plant growth, development, and defense. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying MAPK cascades are still elusive, due largely to our poor understanding of how they relay the signals. Extensive effort has been devoted to characterization of MAPK-substrate interactions to illustrate phosphorylation-based signaling. The diverse MAPK substrates identified also shed light on how spatiotemporal-specific protein-protein interactions function in distinct MAPK cascade-mediated biological processes. This review surveys various technologies used for characterizing MAPK-substrate interactions and presents case studies of MPK4 and MPK6, highlighting the multiple functions of MAPKs. Mass spectrometry-based approaches in identifying MAPK-interacting proteins are emphasized due to their increasing utility and effectiveness. The potential for using MAPKs and their substrates in enhancing plant stress tolerance is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Biology and the University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology and the University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Alice C Harmon
- Department of Biology and the University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Waszczak C, Akter S, Jacques S, Huang J, Messens J, Van Breusegem F. Oxidative post-translational modifications of cysteine residues in plant signal transduction. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2923-34. [PMID: 25750423 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In plants, fluctuation of the redox balance by altered levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can affect many aspects of cellular physiology. ROS homeostasis is governed by a diversified set of antioxidant systems. Perturbation of this homeostasis leads to transient or permanent changes in the redox status and is exploited by plants in different stress signalling mechanisms. Understanding how plants sense ROS and transduce these stimuli into downstream biological responses is still a major challenge. ROS can provoke reversible and irreversible modifications to proteins that act in diverse signalling pathways. These oxidative post-translational modifications (Ox-PTMs) lead to oxidative damage and/or trigger structural alterations in these target proteins. Characterization of the effect of individual Ox-PTMs on individual proteins is the key to a better understanding of how cells interpret the oxidative signals that arise from developmental cues and stress conditions. This review focuses on ROS-mediated Ox-PTMs on cysteine (Cys) residues. The Cys side chain, with its high nucleophilic capacity, appears to be the principle target of ROS. Ox-PTMs on Cys residues participate in various signalling cascades initiated by plant stress hormones. We review the mechanistic aspects and functional consequences of Cys Ox-PTMs on specific target proteins in view of stress signalling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Waszczak
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium * Present address: Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salma Akter
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, 1000 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Silke Jacques
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joris Messens
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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