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Selective quantification of the 22-kDa isoform of human growth hormone 1 in serum and plasma by immunocapture and LC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6187-6200. [PMID: 35838770 PMCID: PMC9314277 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The human growth hormone GH1 (22 kDa) is a commonly measured biomarker for diagnosis and during treatment of growth disorders, but its quantification by ligand binding assays may be compromised by the occurrence of a number of isoforms. These can interfere in the assays and lead to differences in results between laboratories and potentially even in the treatment of patients. We present an LC-MS/MS method that is able to distinguish the major growth hormone isoform (GH1, 22 kDa) from other isoforms and quantify it without any interference across the clinically relevant concentration range of 0.5 to 50 ng/mL. Analysis involves purification of a 100-µL serum sample by immunocapture using an anti-GH-directed antibody, tryptic digestion, and LC-MS/MS quantification of an isoform-specific signature peptide for GH1 (22 kDa). A tryptic peptide occurring in all GH isoforms is monitored in the same 16-min analytical run as a read-out for total GH. Stable-isotope-labeled forms of these two peptides are included as internal standards. Full validation of the method according to recent guidelines, against a recombinant form of the analyte in rat plasma calibrators, demonstrated intra-assay and inter-assay imprecision below 6% across the calibration range for both signature peptides and recoveries between 94 and 102%. An excellent correlation was found between nominal and measured concentrations of the WHO reference standard for GH1 (22 kDa). Addition of up to 1000 ng/mL biotin or the presence of a 100-fold excess of GH binding protein did not affect the measurement. Equivalent method performance was found for analysis of GH in serum, EDTA, and heparin plasma. Analyte stability was demonstrated during all normal sample storage conditions. Comparison with the IDS-iSYS GH immunoassay showed a good correlation with the LC-MS/MS method for the isoform-specific signature peptide, but a significant positive bias was observed for the LC-MS/MS results of the peptide representing total GH. This seems to confirm the actual occurrence of other GH isoforms in serum. Finally, in serum from pregnant individuals, no quantifiable GH1 (22 kDa) was found, but relatively high concentrations of total GH.
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Improving selectivity and sensitivity of protein quantitation by LC–HR–MS/MS: determination of somatropin in rat plasma. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:1009-1021. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Protein quantitation by digestion of a biological sample followed by LC–MS analysis of a signature peptide can be a challenge because of the high complexity of the digested matrix. Results/methodology: The use of LC with high-resolution (quadrupole-TOF) MS detection allowed quantitation of the 22-kDa biopharmaceutical somatropin in 60 μl of rat plasma down to 25 ng/ml with minimal further sample treatment. Reducing the mass extraction window to 0.01 Da considerably decreased the interference of tryptic peptides, enhanced sensitivity and improved accuracy and precision. Analysis with LC–MS/MS resulted in a less favorable limit of quantitation of 100 ng/ml. Conclusion: HRMS is an interesting option for the quantitation of proteins after digestion and has the potential to improve sensitivity with minimal method development.
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Arsene C, Schulze D, Röthke A, Thevis M, Henrion A. Growth hormone isoform-differential mass spectrometry for doping control purposes. Drug Test Anal 2018; 10:938-946. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Arsene
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB); Braunschweig Germany
| | - Dirk Schulze
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB); Braunschweig Germany
| | - Anita Röthke
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB); Braunschweig Germany
| | - Mario Thevis
- Zentrum für Präventive Dopingforschung - Institut für Biochemie; Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln; Germany
| | - André Henrion
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB); Braunschweig Germany
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4
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Regal P, Lamas A, Fente CA, Franco CM, Cepeda A. Tracing (r)bST in cattle: Liquid-based options for extraction and separation. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1331453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Regal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Alexandre Lamas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Cristina A. Fente
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Carlos M. Franco
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Alberto Cepeda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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5
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Simultaneous detection of recombinant growth hormones in equine plasma by liquid chromatography/high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry for doping control. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1478:35-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Reverter-Branchat G, Bosch J, Vall J, Farré M, Papaseit E, Pichini S, Segura J. Determination of Recent Growth Hormone Abuse Using a Single Dried Blood Spot. Clin Chem 2016; 62:1353-60. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.257592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Although it is being increasingly applied, blood collection for drug testing in sport presents some logistic issues that complicate full applicability on a large scale. The use of dried blood spots (DBS) could benefit compliant blood testing considerably owing to its simplicity, minimal invasiveness, analyte stability, and reduced costs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of DBS to the methodology approved by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) for detection of doping by recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in serum.
METHODS
A protocol for a single DBS analysis using the hGH isoforms differential immunoassays (kit 1 and kit 2) was developed and validated. A clinical study with healthy volunteers injected for 3 consecutive days with a low subcutaneous dose (0.027 mg · kg−1 · day−1 · person−1) of rhGH was conducted. Finger prick DBS and paired-time serum samples from arm venipuncture were compared.
RESULTS
The analysis of the DBS-based protocol indicated that with only a single blood spot it was possible to detect positivity for growth hormone abuse. In spite of the low rhGH dose administered and independently of the kit used, the window of detection for DBS was confirmed in all analyzed samples up to 8 h after rhGH administration and extended up to 12 h in 50% of the cases. Serum positivity was detected in all studied samples for 12 h after administration.
CONCLUSIONS
These results support the usefulness of DBS as a biological matrix for testing recent growth hormone abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Reverter-Branchat
- Bioanalysis Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Bosch
- Bioanalysis Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jessica Vall
- Bioanalysis Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magí Farré
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology and Department of Psychiatry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès (Bellaterra), Spain
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit. Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol-IGTP, Badalona, Spain
| | - Esther Papaseit
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology and Department of Psychiatry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès (Bellaterra), Spain
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit. Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol-IGTP, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Segura
- Bioanalysis Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
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Thevis M, Kuuranne T, Walpurgis K, Geyer H, Schänzer W. Annual banned-substance review: analytical approaches in human sports drug testing. Drug Test Anal 2016; 8:7-29. [PMID: 26767774 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of improving anti-doping efforts is predicated on several different pillars, including, amongst others, optimized analytical methods. These commonly result from exploiting most recent developments in analytical instrumentation as well as research data on elite athletes' physiology in general, and pharmacology, metabolism, elimination, and downstream effects of prohibited substances and methods of doping, in particular. The need for frequent and adequate adaptations of sports drug testing procedures has been incessant, largely due to the uninterrupted emergence of new chemical entities but also due to the apparent use of established or even obsolete drugs for reasons other than therapeutic means, such as assumed beneficial effects on endurance, strength, and regeneration capacities. Continuing the series of annual banned-substance reviews, literature concerning human sports drug testing published between October 2014 and September 2015 is summarized and reviewed in reference to the content of the 2015 Prohibited List as issued by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), with particular emphasis on analytical approaches and their contribution to enhanced doping controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Thevis
- Center for Preventive Doping Research, Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany.,European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents, Cologne/Bonn, Germany
| | - Tiia Kuuranne
- Doping Control Laboratory, United Medix Laboratories, Höyläämötie 14, 00380, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Walpurgis
- Center for Preventive Doping Research, Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans Geyer
- Center for Preventive Doping Research, Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Schänzer
- Center for Preventive Doping Research, Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
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