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Hamre AG, Al-Sadawi R, Johannesen KM, Bisarro B, Kjendseth ÅR, Leiros HKS, Sørlie M. Initial characterization of an iron superoxide dismutase from Thermobifida fusca. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:689-698. [PMID: 37725277 PMCID: PMC10520107 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are enzymes that catalyze the dismutation of the superoxide radical anion into O2 and H2O2 in a two-step reaction. They are ubiquitous to all forms of life and four different types of metal centers are detected, dividing this class of enzymes into Cu-/Zn-, Ni-, Mn-, and Fe-SODs. In this study, a superoxide dismutase from the thermophilic bacteria Thermobifida fusca (TfSOD) was cloned and expressed before the recombinant enzyme was characterized. The enzyme was found to be active for superoxide dismutation measured by inhibition of cytochrome c oxidation and the inhibition of the autoxidation of pyrogallol. Its pH-optimum was determined to be 7.5, while it has a broad temperature optimum ranging from 20 to 90 °C. Combined with the Tm that was found to be 78.5 ± 0.5 °C at pH 8.0, TfSOD can be defined as a thermostable enzyme. Moreover, the crystal structure of TfSOD was determined and refined to 1.25 Å resolution. With electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, it was confirmed that iron is the metal co-factor of TfSOD. The cell potential (Em) for the TfSOD-Fe3+/TfSOD-Fe2+ redox couple was determined to be 287 mV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Grethe Hamre
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Rim Al-Sadawi
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Kirsti Merete Johannesen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsö, Norway
| | - Bastien Bisarro
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Åsmund Røhr Kjendseth
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Hanna-Kirsti S Leiros
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsö, Norway
| | - Morten Sørlie
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway.
- Department for Physics and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsö, Norway.
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2
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Xing A, Hu Y, Wang W, Secundo F, Xue C, Mao X. A novel microbial-derived family 19 endochitinase with exochitinase activity and its immobilization. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3565-3578. [PMID: 37103491 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel chitinase gene of 888 bp from Streptomyces bacillaris was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The purified recombinant enzyme (SbChiAJ103) was identified as the first microbial-derived family 19 endochitinase that showed exochitinase activity. SbChiAJ103 exhibited the substrate preference for N-acetylchitooligosaccharides with even degrees of polymerization and the capability to specifically hydrolyze colloidal chitin into (GlcNAc)2. Mono-methyl adipate was employed as a novel linker for the efficient covalent immobilization of chitinase on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The immobilized SbChiAJ103, SbChiAJ103@MNPs, exhibited superior pH tolerance, temperature stability, and storage stability than free SbChiAJ103. Even after incubation at 45 °C for 24 h, SbChiAJ103@MNPs could retain more than 60.0% initial activity. As a result, the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of SbChiAJ103@MNPs increased to 1.58 times that of free SbChiAJ103. Moreover, SbChiAJ103@MNPs could be reused by convenient magnetic separation. After 10 recycles, SbChiAJ103@MNPs could retain almost 80.0% of its initial activity. The immobilization of the novel chitinase SbChiAJ103 paves the way to the efficient and eco-friendly commercial production of (GlcNAc)2. KEY POINTS: • The first microbial GH19 endochitinase with exochitinase activity was reported. • Mono-methyl adipate was first employed to immobilize chitinase. • SbChiAJ103@MNPs showed excellent pH stability, thermal stability, and reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijia Xing
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, China
| | - Francesco Secundo
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", CNR, v. Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Changhu Xue
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
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3
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Ghattavi S, Homaei A. Marine enzymes: Classification and application in various industries. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123136. [PMID: 36621739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oceans are regarded as a plentiful and sustainable source of biological compounds. Enzymes are a group of marine biomaterials that have recently drawn more attention because they are produced in harsh environmental conditions such as high salinity, extensive pH, a wide temperature range, and high pressure. Hence, marine-derived enzymes are capable of exhibiting remarkable properties due to their unique composition. In this review, we overviewed and discussed characteristics of marine enzymes as well as the sources of marine enzymes, ranging from primitive organisms to vertebrates, and presented the importance, advantages, and challenges of using marine enzymes with a summary of their applications in a variety of industries. Current biotechnological advancements need the study of novel marine enzymes that could be applied in a variety of ways. Resources of marine enzyme can benefit greatly for biotechnological applications duo to their biocompatible, ecofriendly and high effectiveness. It is beneficial to use the unique characteristics offered by marine enzymes to either develop new processes and products or improve existing ones. As a result, marine-derived enzymes have promising potential and are an excellent candidate for a variety of biotechnology applications and a future rise in the use of marine enzymes is to be anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Ghattavi
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
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4
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Antifungal Agent Chitooligosaccharides Derived from Solid-State Fermentation of Shrimp Shell Waste by Pseudonocardia antitumoralis 18D36-A1. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Shrimp shell waste is a potential source of the biopolymer chitin. Through fermentation, chitin can be converted into its derivative products. This study aimed to isolate and characterize the products of the biodegradation of chitin from shrimp shell waste through a solid-state fermentation process using actinomycetes. Actinomycete isolates were obtained from tunicate marine biota collected from the waters of Buleleng, Bali, using a dilution technique on 1% chitin colloid agar medium. The isolated actinomycetes were cultivated on a shrimp shell waste medium for 7 days, and then the products of the biodegradation of the oligomers were extracted using water. The extracts of the biodegradation products of the shrimp shells were isolated through several chromatographic steps and analyzed using LC–MS–MS, and the bioactivity of the biodegradation products against fungi was tested. The morphological observations and phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolate 18D36-A1 was a rare actinomycete with the proposed name Pseudonocardia antitumoralis 18D36-A1. The results of the analysis using TLC showed that the solid-state fermented water isolate 18D36-A1 produced several oligomeric components. These results indicate that the isolate 18D36-A1 was able to convert chitin into chitooligosaccharides. Further isolation of the extract produced the active fraction D36A1C38, which can inhibit the growth of fungi by 74% at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. This initial information is very important for further studies related to the development of a solid-state fermentation process for obtaining bioactive compounds from shrimp shell waste.
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Poria V, Rana A, Kumari A, Grewal J, Pranaw K, Singh S. Current Perspectives on Chitinolytic Enzymes and Their Agro-Industrial Applications. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1319. [PMID: 34943233 PMCID: PMC8698876 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases are a large and diversified category of enzymes that break down chitin, the world's second most prevalent polymer after cellulose. GH18 is the most studied family of chitinases, even though chitinolytic enzymes come from a variety of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families. Most of the distinct GH families, as well as the unique structural and catalytic features of various chitinolytic enzymes, have been thoroughly explored to demonstrate their use in the development of tailor-made chitinases by protein engineering. Although chitin-degrading enzymes may be found in plants and other organisms, such as arthropods, mollusks, protozoans, and nematodes, microbial chitinases are a promising and sustainable option for industrial production. Despite this, the inducible nature, low titer, high production expenses, and susceptibility to severe environments are barriers to upscaling microbial chitinase production. The goal of this study is to address all of the elements that influence microbial fermentation for chitinase production, as well as the purifying procedures for attaining high-quality yield and purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Poria
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendargarh 123031, India; (V.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Anuj Rana
- Department of Microbiology (COBS & H), CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India;
| | - Arti Kumari
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendargarh 123031, India; (V.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Jasneet Grewal
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa, 102-096 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (K.P.)
| | - Kumar Pranaw
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa, 102-096 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (K.P.)
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendargarh 123031, India; (V.P.); (A.K.)
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6
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Kim SK, Park JE, Oh JM, Kim H. Molecular Characterization of Four Alkaline Chitinases from Three Chitinolytic Bacteria Isolated from a Mudflat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312822. [PMID: 34884628 PMCID: PMC8658002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Four chitinases were cloned and characterized from three strains isolated from a mudflat: Aeromonas sp. SK10, Aeromonas sp. SK15, and Chitinibacter sp. SK16. In SK10, three genes, Chi18A, Pro2K, and Chi19B, were found as a cluster. Chi18A and Chi19B were chitinases, and Pro2K was a metalloprotease. With combinatorial amplification of the genes and analysis of the hydrolysis patterns of substrates, Chi18A and Chi19B were found to be an endochitinase and exochitinase, respectively. Chi18A and Chi19B belonged to the glycosyl hydrolase family 18 (GH18) and GH19, with 869 and 659 amino acids, respectively. Chi18C from SK15 belonged to GH18 with 864 amino acids, and Chi18D from SK16 belonged to GH18 with 664 amino acids. These four chitinases had signal peptides and high molecular masses with one or two chitin-binding domains and, interestingly, preferred alkaline conditions. In the activity staining, their sizes were determined to be 96, 74, 95, and 73 kDa, respectively, corresponding to their expected sizes. Purified Chi18C and Chi18D after pET expression produced N,N′-diacetylchitobiose as the main product in hydrolyzing chitooligosaccharides and colloidal chitin. These results suggest that Chi18A, Chi18C, and Chi18D are endochitinases, that Chi19B is an exochitinase, and that these chitinases can be effectively used for hydrolyzing natural chitinous sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Kyum Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Jong Eun Park
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (J.E.P.); (J.M.O.)
| | - Jong Min Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (J.E.P.); (J.M.O.)
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (J.E.P.); (J.M.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-750-3751
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7
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Jiang Z, Hu S, Ma J, Liu Y, Qiao Z, Yan Q, Gao Y, Yang S. Crystal structure of a chitinase (RmChiA) from the thermophilic fungus Rhizomucor miehei with a real active site tunnel. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2021; 1869:140709. [PMID: 34358705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2021.140709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A chitinase gene (RmChiA) encoding 445 amino acid (aa) residues from a fungus Rhizomucor miehei was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Two kinds of RmChiA crystal forms, with space groups P32 2 1 and P1, were obtained by sitting-drop vapor diffusion and the structures were determined by X-ray diffraction. The overall structure of RmChiA monomer, which is the first structure of bacterial-type chitinases from nonpathogenic fungi, adopts a canonical triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) barrel fold with two protruding chitinase insertion domains. RmChiA exhibited a unique NxDxE catalytical motif and a real active site tunnel structure, which are firstly found in GH family 18 chitinases. The motif had high structural homolog with the typical DxDxE motif in other GH family 18 chitinases. The tunnel is formed by two unusual long loops, containing 15 aa and 45 aa respectively, linked by a disulfide bond across the substrate-binding cleft. Mutation experiments found that opening the roof of tunnel structure increased the hydrolysis efficiency of RmChiA, but the thermostability of the mutants decreased. Moreover, the tunnel structure endowed RmChiA with the exo-chitinase character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqiang Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Songqing Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Junwen Ma
- Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuchun Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhu Qiao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yonggui Gao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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8
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Rani TS, Madhuprakash J, Podile AR. Chitinase-E from Chitiniphilus shinanonensis generates chitobiose from chitin flakes. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1037-1043. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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González V, Vargas-Straube MJ, Beys-da-Silva WO, Santi L, Valencia P, Beltrametti F, Cámara B. Enzyme Bioprospection of Marine-Derived Actinobacteria from the Chilean Coast and New Insight in the Mechanism of Keratin Degradation in Streptomyces sp. G11C. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E537. [PMID: 33126528 PMCID: PMC7693968 DOI: 10.3390/md18110537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine actinobacteria are viewed as a promising source of enzymes with potential technological applications. They contribute to the turnover of complex biopolymers, such as pectin, lignocellulose, chitin, and keratin, being able to secrete a wide variety of extracellular enzymes. Among these, keratinases are a valuable alternative for recycling keratin-rich waste, which is generated in large quantities by the poultry industry. In this work, we explored the biocatalytic potential of 75 marine-derived actinobacterial strains, focusing mainly on the search for keratinases. A major part of the strains secreted industrially important enzymes, such as proteases, lipases, cellulases, amylases, and keratinases. Among these, we identified two streptomycete strains that presented great potential for recycling keratin wastes-Streptomyces sp. CHA1 and Streptomyces sp. G11C. Substrate concentration, incubation temperature, and, to a lesser extent, inoculum size were found to be important parameters that influenced the production of keratinolytic enzymes in both strains. In addition, proteomic analysis of culture broths from Streptomyces sp. G11C on turkey feathers showed a high abundance and diversity of peptidases, belonging mainly to the serine and metallo-superfamilies. Two proteases from families S08 and M06 were highly expressed. These results contributed to elucidate the mechanism of keratin degradation mediated by streptomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina González
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química y Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (V.G.); (M.J.V.-S.)
| | - María José Vargas-Straube
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química y Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (V.G.); (M.J.V.-S.)
| | - Walter O. Beys-da-Silva
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; (W.O.B.-d.-S.); (L.S.)
| | - Lucélia Santi
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; (W.O.B.-d.-S.); (L.S.)
| | - Pedro Valencia
- Laboratorio de Biocatálisis y Procesamiento de Alimentos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile;
| | | | - Beatriz Cámara
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química y Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (V.G.); (M.J.V.-S.)
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Drewnowska J, Fiodor A, Barboza-Corona J, Swiecicka I. Chitinolytic activity of phylogenetically diverse Bacillus cereus sensu lato from natural environments. Syst Appl Microbiol 2020; 43:126075. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2020.126075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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11
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Salwan R, Sharma V. Molecular and biotechnological aspects of secondary metabolites in actinobacteria. Microbiol Res 2020; 231:126374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Tan H, Yin H. Optimization and characterization of oligosaccharides production from citrus peel waste resource using Aspergillus niger 1805. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 169:105809. [PMID: 31857142 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides have many growth-promoting properties for crops and are effective for fighting off various diseases in agriculture. Producing oligosaccharides from waste fruit peel by using food microorganisms will be a potential approach to provide the high-value products for sustainable development of green agriculture. Aspergillus niger 1805 was isolated from citrus peel and identified by internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-ITS4) sequencing. A. niger 1805 grew well only with waste citrus peel (WCP) as the sole medium. >50% WCP was degraded into oligosaccharides by fermentation with A. niger at 37 °C, pH 5.0 and 4 mM Ca2+ within 72 h, and oligosaccharide yield rate of >40%. Most oligosaccharides were in the form of Nano-size particles [10-500 nm]. Kolmogorov-Smirnov Goodness of Fit Test (KS test) showed that the distribution of the oligosaccharide micro-particles fitted a lognormal model (p > .05). Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis showed that the oligosaccharides were mainly comprised of glucose polymer with degrees of polymerization (DP) of 4-17. A. niger 1805 is a potential tool to produce oligosaccharides from WCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Tan
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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13
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Chitinolytic actinobacteria isolated from an Algerian semi-arid soil: development of an antifungal chitinase-dependent assay and GH18 chitinase gene identification. ANN MICROBIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-018-1426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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14
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Lacombe-Harvey MÈ, Brzezinski R, Beaulieu C. Chitinolytic functions in actinobacteria: ecology, enzymes, and evolution. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:7219-7230. [PMID: 29931600 PMCID: PMC6097792 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacteria, a large group of Gram-positive bacteria, secrete a wide range of extracellular enzymes involved in the degradation of organic compounds and biopolymers including the ubiquitous aminopolysaccharides chitin and chitosan. While chitinolytic enzymes are distributed in all kingdoms of life, actinobacteria are recognized as particularly good decomposers of chitinous material and several members of this taxon carry impressive sets of genes dedicated to chitin and chitosan degradation. Degradation of these polymers in actinobacteria is dependent on endo- and exo-acting hydrolases as well as lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases. Actinobacterial chitinases and chitosanases belong to nine major families of glycosyl hydrolases that share no sequence similarity. In this paper, the distribution of chitinolytic actinobacteria within different ecosystems is examined and their chitinolytic machinery is described and compared to those of other chitinolytic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryszard Brzezinski
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Carole Beaulieu
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada.
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15
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Yan Q, Fong SS. Cloning and characterization of a chitinase from Thermobifida fusca reveals Tfu_0580 as a thermostable and acidic endochitinase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 19:e00274. [PMID: 30094208 PMCID: PMC6070660 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2018.e00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A Thermobifida fusca chitinase Tfu_0580 is characterized for its function. Tfu_0580 is the first reported as a functional chitinase that can degrade colloidal chitin. Enzymatic characterization shows Tfu_0580 as a thermostable and acidic endochitinase.
Being capable of hydrolyzing chitin, chitinases have various applications such as production of N-acetylchitooligosaccharides (COSs) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), degrading chitin as a consolidated bioprocessing, and bio-control of fungal phytopathogens. Here, a putative chitinase in Thermobifida fusca, Tfu_0580, is characterized. Tfu_0580 was purified by homogeneity with a molecular weight of 44.9 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. Tfu_0580 displayed a clear activity against colloidal chitin, which is comparable to a commercial Streptomyces griseus chitinase. Enzyme activities against p-nitrophenyl β-D-N,N′,N′′-triacetylchitotriose (p-NP-(GlcNAc)3), N,N′-diacetyl-β-D-chitobioside (p-NP-(GlcNAc)2) and p-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide (p-NP-(GlcNAc)) showed that Tfu_0580 exhibited highest activity against p-NP-(GlcNAc)3. Further optimization of the enzyme activity conditions showed: 1) an optimum catalytic activity at pH 6.0 and 30 °C; 2) activity over broad pH (4.8–7.5) and temperature (20–55 °C); 3) stimulation of activity by the metallic ions Ca2+ and Mn2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yan
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Stephen S Fong
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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Marine microbes as a valuable resource for brand new industrial biocatalysts. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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