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Zhang J, Polidori P, Pucciarelli S, Vici G, Polzonetti V, Renzi S, Wei F, Han F, Li X, Vincenzetti S. The Aggregated and Micellar Forms of β-Casein Purified from Donkey and Bovine Milk Present Potential as Carriers for Bioactive Nutritional Compounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15416-15426. [PMID: 38955361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the pure casein fraction of milk protein, particularly β-casein due to its physicochemical properties as well as its bio- and techno-functional properties. The utilization of self-assembled β-caseins from bovine origin as nanocarriers for the delivery of nutraceutical compounds or drugs has increased dramatically. Concerning β-caseins from other milk sources, the use of hypoallergenic donkey β-caseins as a potential delivery vehicle for nutraceutical hydrophobic compounds is beginning to generate interest. The present review deals with casein micelles models, bovine and donkey β-casein molecular structures, as well as their physical-chemical properties that account for their exploitation in nutraceutics and pharmaceutics. This review work suggests the possibility of developing delivery systems for hydrophobic bioactive compounds using β-casein purified from hypoallergenic donkey milk, highlighting the potential of this protein as an innovative and promising vehicle for enhancing the enrichment and bioavailability of various bioactive substances in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P. R. China
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
| | - Paolo Polidori
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
| | - Stefania Pucciarelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
| | - Giorgia Vici
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
| | - Valeria Polzonetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
| | - Sofia Renzi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
| | - Fuyao Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P. R. China
| | - Fubo Han
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P. R. China
| | - Silvia Vincenzetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
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Wu M, Xun Y, Dong H, Han S, Huang H, Xue Y, Zhang J, Yu W, Wang S, Ning Y, Yuan Q. The Concentration of Lactoferrin in Breast Milk Correlates with Maternal Body Mass Index and Parity. Breastfeed Med 2024; 19:208-216. [PMID: 38489527 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2023.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Background: Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional glycoprotein found in human milk and body fluids, which has been shown to play a vital role in regulating the immunity and supporting the intestinal health of infants. Aim: This study evaluated the association between maternal/parturient factors and LF concentration in the breast milk of Chinese mothers. Methods: 207 breast milk samples were collected from healthy mothers with in the first year of lactation. Maternal and parturient information was collected for these participants through questionnaires. The content of lactoferrin in breast milk was detected by liquid chromatography, and macronutrient concentration in breast milk was measured by human milk analyzer in only 109 samples. Results: Our findings demonstrated that the LF content was much higher within the first month of lactation than it was after that period (p < 0.05). When compared with normal and lean mothers, the LF content of obese mothers was considerably higher (p < 0.05). The parity and LF content showed a favorable correlation. The proportion of LF to total protein tended to decrease as lactation progressed. Protein, fat, dry matter, and energy content were significantly positively correlated with LF content (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Early breast milk tends to have a higher level of LF, and the change of LF concentration in breast milk is associated with the parity and body mass index of the mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Wu
- Junlebao Dairy Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yiping Xun
- Junlebao Dairy Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huanzhe Dong
- Junlebao Dairy Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sufang Han
- College of Food and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | | | - Yuling Xue
- Junlebao Dairy Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Junlebao Dairy Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenhua Yu
- Junlebao Dairy Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- Junlebao Dairy Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Food and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yibing Ning
- Junlebao Dairy Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingbin Yuan
- Junlebao Dairy Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, China
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Xi M, Liang D, Yan Y, Duan S, Leng H, Yang H, Shi X, Na X, Yang Y, Yang C, Szeto IMY, Zhao A. Functional proteins in breast milk and their correlation with the development of the infant gut microbiota: a study of mother-infant pairs. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1239501. [PMID: 37771701 PMCID: PMC10524269 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1239501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Proteins in breast milk play an important role in the growth and development of infants. This study aims to explore the correlation between functional proteins in breast milk and the infant gut microbiota. Methods Twenty-three mothers and their infants were enrolled and breast milk samples and infant fecal samples were collected. Breast milk protein content was determined by UPLC-MS/MS, and 16S rRNA sequencing was employed to analyze the gut microbiota of infant. Results The results indicated that the secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) content in breast milk was positively correlated with the abundance of Veillonella parvula. The κ-casein content was positively correlated with the abundance of Clostridium butyricum. The osteopontin (OPN) and lactalbumin contents were positively correlated with the abundance of Parabacteroides distasonis at 42 days. Functional pathway analysis showed that the OPN and κ-casein contents in breast milk were significantly correlated with amino acid, pyruvate, propionic acid, linoleic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid metabolic pathways in early life. Discussion The results of this study suggest that specific proteins in breast milk can influence the abundance of certain gut microbes in infants, playing an important role in early immune and metabolic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Xi
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Liang
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Yalu Yan
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group, Co. Ltd., Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute (YMINI), Beijing, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Sufang Duan
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group, Co. Ltd., Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute (YMINI), Beijing, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Houxi Leng
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Haibing Yang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojin Shi
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Na
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yucheng Yang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Celi Yang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ignatius Man-Yau Szeto
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group, Co. Ltd., Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute (YMINI), Beijing, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Hohhot, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, China
| | - Ai Zhao
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Fan S, Ma J, Li C, Wang Y, Zeng W, Li Q, Zhou J, Wang L, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Determination of Tropomyosin in Shrimp and Crab by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Based on Immunoaffinity Purification. Front Nutr 2022; 9:848294. [PMID: 35308292 PMCID: PMC8927901 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.848294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A UPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the detection of tropomyosin (TM) in shrimp and crab. After simple extraction, the samples were purified by immunoaffinity column and then digested by trypsin. The obtained sample was separated by Easy-nLC 1000-Q Exactive. The obtained spectrums were analyzed by Thermo Proteome Discoverer 1.4 software and then ANIQLVEK with high sensitivity was selected as the quantitative signature peptide. Isotope-labeled internal standard was used in the quantitative analysis. The method showed good linearity in the range of 5–5,000 μg/L with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.1 mg/kg. The average recoveries were 77.22–95.66% with RSDs ≤ 9.97%, and the matrix effects were between 88.53 and 112.60%. This method could be used for rapid screening and quantitative analysis of TM in shrimp and crab. Thus, it could provide technical support for self-testing of TM by food manufacturers and promote further improvement of allergen labeling in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufang Fan
- Hebei Food Safety Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Hebei Food Inspection and Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Junmei Ma
- Hebei Food Safety Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Hebei Food Inspection and Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chunsheng Li
- Biology Institute of Hebei Academy of Science, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Hebei Food Safety Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Hebei Food Inspection and Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinru Zhou
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Hebei Food Safety Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Hebei Food Inspection and Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Yi Wang
| | - Yan Zhang
- Hebei Food Safety Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Hebei Food Inspection and Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Zhang
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Zhang X, Li G, Liu J, Su Z. Bio-inspired Nanoenzyme Synthesis and Its Application in A Portable Immunoassay for Food Allergy Proteins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14751-14760. [PMID: 34523915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes as a cost-effective and robust enzyme mimic have attracted widespread attention in the development of novel analytical methods. Herein, a new nanozyme-enhanced surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) immunoassay platform was successfully developed using a peroxidase-mimicking nanozyme to replace the natural enzymes as a catalytic label of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of allergy proteins. In this platform, the peroxidase-mimicking nanozymes as a catalytic label could catalyze the oxidation of the Raman-inactive reporter [i.e., leucomalachite green (LMG)] to generate Raman-active malachite green (MG) with H2O2. Moreover, the produced MG Raman signal was further enhanced by the formed Raman "hot spot" through MG-induced gold nanoparticle aggregation, which could be recorded by a portable Raman spectrometer. On this basis, the established nanozyme-enhanced SERS immunoassay showed improved accuracy, high sensitivity, and good selectivity and was used for accurate quantification of α-lactalbumin (α-LA). With this method, α-LA could be detected with a limit of detection as low as 0.01 ng/mL. Moreover, the method was also verified by performing in food samples and showed satisfactory recoveries and high reliability. This study not only provides insight into the use of a nanozyme to establish new analytical methods but also broadens the applications of nanozymes in a food safety assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlong Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghua Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoqun Su
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, People's Republic of China
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Longitudinal Changes in the Concentration of Major Human Milk Proteins in the First Six Months of Lactation and Their Effects on Infant Growth. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051476. [PMID: 33925556 PMCID: PMC8147063 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge related to human milk proteins is still limited. The present study determined the changes in multiple human milk proteins during the first six months of lactation, investigated the influencing factors of milk proteins, and explored the impact of milk proteins on infant growth. A total of 105 lactating women and their full-term infants from China were prospectively surveyed in this research. Milk samples were collected at 1–5 days, 8–14 days, 1 month, and 6 months postpartum. Concentrations of total protein and α-lactalbumin were measured in all milk samples, and concentrations of lactoferrin, osteopontin, total casein, β-casein, αs−1 casein, and κ-casein were measured in milk from 51 individuals using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The concentration of measured proteins in the milk decreased during the first six months of postpartum (p-trend < 0.001). Maternal age, mode of delivery, maternal education, and income impacted the longitudinal changes in milk proteins (p-interaction < 0.05). Concentrations of αs−1 casein in milk were inversely associated with the weight-for-age Z-scores of the infants (1 m: r −0.29, p 0.038; 6 m: r −0.33, p 0.020). In conclusion, the concentration of proteins in milk decreased over the first six months postpartum, potentially influenced by maternal demographic and delivery factors. Milk protein composition may influence infant weights.
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Quantification of bovine α-lactalbumin in infant milk formula using LC-MS. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Le TT, Poulsen NA, Kristiansen GH, Larsen LB. Quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis of high-value milk proteins in Danish Holstein cows. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04620. [PMID: 32995587 PMCID: PMC7502411 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Pavón-Pérez J, Henriquez-Aedo K, Herrero M, Aranda M. Occurrence of allergen proteins in wines from Chilean market. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2020; 13:268-274. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2020.1769194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Pavón-Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Karem Henriquez-Aedo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Genética de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Alimentos Funcionales, Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Miguel Herrero
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Aranda
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Fármacos y Alimentos, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Enjapoori AK, Kukuljan S, Dwyer KM, Sharp JA. In vivo endogenous proteolysis yielding beta-casein derived bioactive beta-casomorphin peptides in human breast milk for infant nutrition. Nutrition 2019; 57:259-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Garcia-Rodenas CL, De Castro CA, Jenni R, Thakkar SK, Beauport L, Tolsa JF, Fischer-Fumeaux CJ, Affolter M. Temporal changes of major protein concentrations in preterm and term human milk. A prospective cohort study. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:1844-1852. [PMID: 30093147 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteins are major contributors to the beneficial effects of human milk (HM) on preterm infant health and development. Alpha-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, serum albumin and caseins represent approximately 85% of the total HM protein. The temporal changes of these proteins in preterm (PT) HM and its comparison with term (T) HM is poorly characterized. AIMS To quantify and compare the temporal changes of the major proteins in PT HM and T HM. METHODS HM was collected for 4 months postpartum at 12 time points for PT HM (gestational age 28 0/7-32 6/7 weeks; 280 samples) and for 2 months postpartum at 8 time points for T HM (gestational age 37 0/7-41 6/7 weeks; 220 samples). Proteins were measured with a micro-fluidic LabChip system. RESULTS Casein, alpha-lactalbumin and lactoferrin decreased with advancing stages of lactation in PT and T HM, whereas serum albumin remained stable. Only marginal differences between PT and T HM were observed for alpha-lactalbumin during postpartum weeks 3-5 and for serum albumin at the first week. However, a comparison of HM provided to preterm and term infants at the same postmenstrual ages revealed that alpha-lactalbumin contents were significantly lower in PT HM than in T HM during the 39-48 postmenstrual weeks. CONCLUSIONS This study provides comprehensive information of the longitudinal changes of major proteins in PT and T HM, and suggests limited availability of alpha-lactalbumin, a nutritionally important protein, in breastfed PT infants after reaching the term corrected age. This information may be important to optimize HM protein fortification, although its biological relevance needs to be confirmed by intervention studies. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02052245), https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02052245.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rosemarie Jenni
- Nestlé Institute of Food Safety & Analytical Science, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sagar K Thakkar
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lydie Beauport
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department Woman Mother Child, University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-François Tolsa
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department Woman Mother Child, University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline J Fischer-Fumeaux
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department Woman Mother Child, University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Affolter
- Nestlé Institute of Food Safety & Analytical Science, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Li Z, Wen F, Li Z, Zheng N, Jiang J, Xu D. Simultaneous detection of α-Lactoalbumin, β-Lactoglobulin and Lactoferrin in milk by Visualized Microarray. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:72. [PMID: 28899371 PMCID: PMC5596914 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Lactalbumin (a-LA), β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) and lactoferrin (LF) are of high nutritional value which have made ingredients of choice in the formulation of modern foods and beverages. There remains an urgent need to develop novel biosensing methods for quantification featuring reduced cost, improved sensitivity, selectivity and more rapid response, especially for simultaneous detection of multiple whey proteins. RESULTS A novel visualized microarray method was developed for the determination of a-LA, β-LG and LF in milk samples without the need for complex or time-consuming pre-treatment steps. The measurement principle was based on the competitive immunological reaction and silver enhancement technique. In this case, a visible array dots as the detectable signals were further amplified and developed by the silver enhancement reagents. The microarray could be assayed by the microarray scanner. The detection limits (S/N = 3) were estimated to be 40 ng/mL (α-LA), 50 ng/mL (β-LG), 30 ng/mL (LF) (n = 6). CONCLUSIONS The method could be used to simultaneously analyze the whey protein contents of various raw milk samples and ultra-high temperature treated (UHT) milk samples including skimmed milk and high calcium milk. The analytical results were in good agreement with that of the high performance liquid chromatography. The presented visualized microarray has showed its advantages such as high-throughput, specificity, sensitivity and cost-effective for analysis of various milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoumin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,School of Chemistry and Biological Science, Nanjing University Jingling College, Nanjing, 210089, China
| | - Fang Wen
- Ministry of Agriculture-Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Ministry of Agriculture-Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jindou Jiang
- Ministry of Agriculture Dairy Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Danke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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