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Wang C, Yang Y, Ma C, Sunkang Y, Tang S, Zhang Z, Wan X, Wei Y. Expression of β-Glucosidases from the Yak Rumen in Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Genetic Engineering Approach. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1387. [PMID: 37374889 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
β-glucosidase derived from microorganisms has wide industrial applications. In order to generate genetically engineered bacteria with high-efficiency β-glucosidase, in this study two subunits (bglA and bglB) of β-glucosidase obtained from the yak rumen were expressed as independent proteins and fused proteins in lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus lactis NZ9000). The engineered strains L. lactis NZ9000/pMG36e-usp45-bglA, L. lactis NZ9000/pMG36e-usp45-bglB, and L. lactis NZ9000/pMG36e-usp45-bglA-usp45-bglB were successfully constructed. These bacteria showed the secretory expression of BglA, BglB, and Bgl, respectively. The molecular weights of BglA, BglB, and Bgl were about 55 kDa, 55 kDa, and 75 kDa, respectively. The enzyme activity of Bgl was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of BglA and BglB for substrates such as regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), desiccated cotton, microcrystalline cellulose, filter paper, and 1% salicin. Moreover, 1% salicin appeared to be the most suitable substrate for these three recombinant proteins. The optimum reaction temperatures and pH values for these three recombinant enzymes were 50 °C and 7.0, respectively. In subsequent studies using 1% salicin as the substrate, the enzymatic activities of BglA, BglB, and Bgl were found to be 2.09 U/mL, 2.36 U/mL, and 9.4 U/mL, respectively. The enzyme kinetic parameters (Vmax, Km, Kcat, and Kcat/Km) of the three recombinant strains were analyzed using 1% salicin as the substrate at 50 °C and pH 7.0, respectively. Under conditions of increased K+ and Fe2+ concentrations, the Bgl enzyme activity was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the BglA and BglB enzyme activity. However, under conditions of increased Zn2+, Hg2+, and Tween20 concentrations, the Bgl enzyme activity was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the BglA and BglB enzyme activity. Overall, the engineered lactic acid bacteria strains generated in this study could efficiently hydrolyze cellulose, laying the foundation for the industrial application of β-glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Center for Anaerobic Microbes, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuze Yang
- Beijing Animal Husbandry Station, Beijing 100107, China
| | - Chunjuan Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yongjie Sunkang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- Beijing Animal Husbandry Station, Beijing 100107, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xuerui Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yaqin Wei
- Center for Anaerobic Microbes, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Plaza-Vinuesa L, Hernandez-Hernandez O, Sánchez-Arroyo A, Cumella JM, Corzo N, Muñoz-Labrador AM, Moreno FJ, Rivas BDL, Muñoz R. Deciphering the Myrosinase-like Activity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1 among GH1 Family Glycoside Hydrolases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15531-15538. [PMID: 36454042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of plant glucosinolates by myrosinases (thioglucosidases) originates metabolites with chemopreventive properties. In this study, the ability to hydrolyze the glucosinolate sinigrin by cultures or protein extracts of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1 was assayed. This strain possesses myrosinase-like activity as sinigrin was partly hydrolyzed by induced cultures but not by protein extracts. The 11 glycoside hydrolase GH1 family proteins, annotated as 6-phospho-β-glucosidases, were the proteins most similar to plant myrosinases. The activity of these proteins was assayed against sinigrin and synthetic glucosides. As expected, none of the proteins assayed possessed myrosinase activity against sinigrin or the synthetic β-thio-glucoside derivative or against the β-glucoside. However, all 11 proteins were active on the phosphorylated-β-glucoside derivative. Moreover, only eight of these proteins were active on phospho-β-thioglucose. These results supported that, in L. plantarum WCFS1, glucosinolates may undergo previous phosphorylation, and GH1 proteins are the glycosidases involved in the hydrolysis of phosphorylated glucosinolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Plaza-Vinuesa
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), CSIC, José Antonio Novais 10, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Oswaldo Hernandez-Hernandez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de La Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, CEI (UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Arroyo
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), CSIC, José Antonio Novais 10, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - José M Cumella
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Nieves Corzo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de La Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, CEI (UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Ana M Muñoz-Labrador
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de La Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, CEI (UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - F Javier Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de La Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, CEI (UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Blanca de Las Rivas
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), CSIC, José Antonio Novais 10, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Rosario Muñoz
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), CSIC, José Antonio Novais 10, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Gamiz-Arco G, Risso VA, Gaucher EA, Gavira JA, Naganathan AN, Ibarra-Molero B, Sanchez-Ruiz JM. Combining Ancestral Reconstruction with Folding-Landscape Simulations to Engineer Heterologous Protein Expression. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167321. [PMID: 34687715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Obligate symbionts typically exhibit high evolutionary rates. Consequently, their proteins may differ considerably from their modern and ancestral homologs in terms of both sequence and properties, thus providing excellent models to study protein evolution. Also, obligate symbionts are challenging to culture in the lab and proteins from uncultured organisms must be produced in heterologous hosts using recombinant DNA technology. Obligate symbionts thus replicate a fundamental scenario of metagenomics studies aimed at the functional characterization and biotechnological exploitation of proteins from the bacteria in soil. Here, we use the thioredoxin from Candidatus Photodesmus katoptron, an uncultured symbiont of flashlight fish, to explore evolutionary and engineering aspects of protein folding in heterologous hosts. The symbiont protein is a standard thioredoxin in terms of 3D-structure, stability and redox activity. However, its folding outside the original host is severely impaired, as shown by a very slow refolding in vitro and an inefficient expression in E. coli that leads mostly to insoluble protein. By contrast, resurrected Precambrian thioredoxins express efficiently in E. coli, plausibly reflecting an ancient adaptation to unassisted folding. We have used a statistical-mechanical model of the folding landscape to guide back-to-ancestor engineering of the symbiont protein. Remarkably, we find that the efficiency of heterologous expression correlates with the in vitro (i.e., unassisted) folding rate and that the ancestral expression efficiency can be achieved with only 1-2 back-to-ancestor replacements. These results demonstrate a minimal-perturbation, sequence-engineering approach to rescue inefficient heterologous expression which may potentially be useful in metagenomics efforts targeting recent adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Gamiz-Arco
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia de Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Valeria A Risso
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia de Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Eric A Gaucher
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jose A Gavira
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalograficos, Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC, Unidad de Excelencia de Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada, Avenida de las Palmeras 4, Armilla, Granada 18100, Spain. https://twitter.com/Gavirius
| | - Athi N Naganathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| | - Beatriz Ibarra-Molero
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia de Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Jose M Sanchez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia de Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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Gamiz-Arco G, Gutierrez-Rus LI, Risso VA, Ibarra-Molero B, Hoshino Y, Petrović D, Justicia J, Cuerva JM, Romero-Rivera A, Seelig B, Gavira JA, Kamerlin SCL, Gaucher EA, Sanchez-Ruiz JM. Heme-binding enables allosteric modulation in an ancient TIM-barrel glycosidase. Nat Commun 2021; 12:380. [PMID: 33452262 PMCID: PMC7810902 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosidases are phylogenetically widely distributed enzymes that are crucial for the cleavage of glycosidic bonds. Here, we present the exceptional properties of a putative ancestor of bacterial and eukaryotic family-1 glycosidases. The ancestral protein shares the TIM-barrel fold with its modern descendants but displays large regions with greatly enhanced conformational flexibility. Yet, the barrel core remains comparatively rigid and the ancestral glycosidase activity is stable, with an optimum temperature within the experimental range for thermophilic family-1 glycosidases. None of the ∼5500 reported crystallographic structures of ∼1400 modern glycosidases show a bound porphyrin. Remarkably, the ancestral glycosidase binds heme tightly and stoichiometrically at a well-defined buried site. Heme binding rigidifies this TIM-barrel and allosterically enhances catalysis. Our work demonstrates the capability of ancestral protein reconstructions to reveal valuable but unexpected biomolecular features when sampling distant sequence space. The potential of the ancestral glycosidase as a scaffold for custom catalysis and biosensor engineering is discussed. Family 1 glycosidases (GH1) are present in the three domains of life and share classical TIM-barrel fold. Structural and biochemical analyses of a resurrected ancestral GH1 enzyme reveal heme binding, not known in its modern descendants. Heme rigidifies the TIM-barrel and allosterically enhances catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Gamiz-Arco
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica. Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia de Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis I Gutierrez-Rus
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica. Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia de Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Valeria A Risso
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica. Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia de Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz Ibarra-Molero
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica. Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia de Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Yosuke Hoshino
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Dušan Petrović
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, BMC Box 576, S-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.,Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jose Justicia
- Departamento de Quimica Organica. Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia de Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Cuerva
- Departamento de Quimica Organica. Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia de Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Adrian Romero-Rivera
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, BMC Box 576, S-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Burckhard Seelig
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America, & BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jose A Gavira
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalograficos, Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC, Unidad de Excelencia de Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada, Avenida de las Palmeras 4, Granada, 18100, Armilla, Spain
| | - Shina C L Kamerlin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, BMC Box 576, S-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Eric A Gaucher
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
| | - Jose M Sanchez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica. Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia de Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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Plaza-Vinuesa L, Hernandez-Hernandez O, Moreno FJ, de Las Rivas B, Muñoz R. Unravelling the diversity of glycoside hydrolase family 13 α-amylases from Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:183. [PMID: 31655584 PMCID: PMC6815381 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background α-Amylases specifically catalyse the hydrolysis of the internal α-1, 4-glucosidic linkages of starch. Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 13 is the main α-amylase family in the carbohydrate-active database. Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 possesses eleven proteins included in GH13 family. Among these, proteins annotated as maltose-forming α-amylase (Lp_0179) and maltogenic α-amylase (Lp_2757) were included. Results In this study, Lp_0179 and Lp_2757 L. plantarum α-amylases were structurally and biochemically characterized. Lp_2757 displayed structural features typical of GH13_20 subfamily which were absent in Lp_0179. Genes encoding Lp_0179 (Amy2) and Lp_2757 were cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Purified proteins showed high hydrolytic activity on pNP-α-D-maltopyranoside, being the catalytic efficiency of Lp_0179 remarkably higher. In relation to the hydrolysis of starch-related carbohydrates, Lp_0179 only hydrolysed maltopentaose and dextrin, demonstrating that is an exotype glucan hydrolase. However, Lp_2757 was also able to hydrolyze cyclodextrins and other non-cyclic oligo- and polysaccharides, revealing a great preference towards α-1,4-linkages typical of maltogenic amylases. Conclusions The substrate range as well as the biochemical properties exhibited by Lp_2757 maltogenic α-amylase suggest that this enzyme could be a very promising enzyme for the hydrolysis of α-1,4 glycosidic linkages present in a broad number of starch-carbohydrates, as well as for the investigation of an hypothetical transglucosylation activity under appropriate reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Plaza-Vinuesa
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, ICTAN (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oswaldo Hernandez-Hernandez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Javier Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca de Las Rivas
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, ICTAN (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Muñoz
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, ICTAN (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
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