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Chen Q, Wang J, Zhang S, Chen X, Hao J, Wu Q, Zhu D. Discovery and directed evolution of C-C bond formation enzymes for the biosynthesis of β-hydroxy-α-amino acids and derivatives. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38566472 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2332295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
β-Hydroxy-α-amino acids (β-HAAs) have extensive applications in the pharmaceutical, chemical synthesis, and food industries. The development of synthetic methodologies aimed at producing optically pure β-HAAs has been driven by practical applications. Among the various synthetic methods, biocatalytic asymmetric synthesis is considered a sustainable approach due to its capacity to generate two stereogenic centers from simple prochiral precursors in a single step. Therefore, extensive efforts have been made in recent years to search for effective enzymes which enable such biotransformation. This review provides an overview on the discovery and engineering of C-C bond formation enzymes for the biocatalytic synthesis of β-HAAs. We highlight examples where the use of threonine aldolases, threonine transaldolases, serine hydroxymethyltransferases, α-methylserine aldolases, α-methylserine hydroxymethyltransferases, and engineered alanine racemases facilitated the synthesis of β-HAAs. Additionally, we discuss the potential future advancements and persistent obstacles in the enzymatic synthesis of β-HAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijia Chen
- College of Food Science and Biology, University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- College of Food Science and Biology, University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sisi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Biology, University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianxiong Hao
- College of Food Science and Biology, University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiaqing Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Dunming Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
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2
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Zheng W, Pu Z, Xiao L, Xu G, Yang LR, Yu H, Wu J. Substrate access path-guided engineering of L-threonine aldolase for improving diastereoselectivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8258-8261. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02644a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The L-threonine aldolase from Leishmania major was engineered to improve diastereoselectivity by a CAST/ISM strategy, providing insights into the relationship between physico -chemical properties of substrate access path and diastereoselectivity....
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Liu M, Wei D, Wen Z, Wang JB. Progress in Stereoselective Construction of C-C Bonds Enabled by Aldolases and Hydroxynitrile Lyases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:653682. [PMID: 33968915 PMCID: PMC8097096 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.653682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The creation of C-C bonds is an effective strategy for constructing complex compounds from simple synthetic blocks. Although many methods have been developed for C-C bond construction, the stereoselective creation of new C-C bonds remains a challenge. The selectivities (enantioselectivity, regioselectivity, and chemoselectivity) of biocatalysts are higher than those of chemical catalysts, therefore biocatalysts are excellent candidates for use in stereoselective C-C bond formation. Here, we summarize progress made in the past 10 years in stereoselective C-C bond formation enabled by two classic types of enzyme, aldolases and hydroxynitrile lyases. The information in this review will enable the development of new routes to the stereoselective construction of C-C bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zexing Wen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Meyer F, Frey R, Ligibel M, Sager E, Schroer K, Snajdrova R, Buller R. Modulating Chemoselectivity in a Fe(II)/α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase for the Oxidative Modification of a Nonproteinogenic Amino Acid. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Meyer
- Competence Center for Biocatalysis, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Frey
- Competence Center for Biocatalysis, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Ligibel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emine Sager
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten Schroer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Radka Snajdrova
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Buller
- Competence Center for Biocatalysis, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
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5
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Zheng W, Yu H, Fang S, Chen K, Wang Z, Cheng X, Xu G, Yang L, Wu J. Directed Evolution of l-Threonine Aldolase for the Diastereoselective Synthesis of β-Hydroxy-α-amino Acids. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zheng
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Haoran Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Sai Fang
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kaitong Chen
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Huadong Medicine Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310011, China
| | - Xiuli Cheng
- Huadong Medicine Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310011, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lirong Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China
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Abstract
Biocatalysis has undergone a remarkable transition in the last two decades, from being considered a niche technology to playing a much more relevant role in organic synthesis today. Advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics, and the decreasing costs for gene synthesis and sequencing contribute to the growing success of engineered biocatalysts in industrial applications. However, the incorporation of biocatalytic process steps in new or established manufacturing routes is not always straightforward. To realize the full synthetic potential of biocatalysis for the sustainable manufacture of chemical building blocks, it is therefore important to regularly analyze the success factors and existing hurdles for the implementation of enzymes in large scale small molecule synthesis. Building on our previous analysis of biocatalysis in the Swiss manufacturing environment, we present a follow-up study on how the industrial biocatalysis situation in Switzerland has evolved in the last four years. Considering the current industrial landscape, we record recent advances in biocatalysis in Switzerland as well as give suggestions where enzymatic transformations may be valuably employed to address some of the societal challenges we face today, particularly in the context of the current Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
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Zheng W, Chen K, Fang S, Cheng X, Xu G, Yang L, Wu J. Construction and Application of PLP Self-sufficient Biocatalysis System for Threonine Aldolase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 141:109667. [PMID: 33051017 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A number of organic synthesis involve threonine aldolase (TA), a pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme. Although the addition of exogenous PLP is necessary for the reactions, it increases the cost and complicates the purification of the product. This work constructed a PLP self-sufficient biocatalysis system for TA, which included an improvement of the intracellular PLP level and co-immobilization of TA with PLP. Engineered strain BL-ST was constructed by introducing PLP synthase PdxS/T to Escherichia coli BL21(ED3). The intracellular PLP concentration of the strain increased approximately fivefold to 48.5 μmol/gDCW. l-TA, from Bacillus nealsonii (BnLTA), was co-expressed in the strain BL-ST with PdxS/T, resulting in the engineered strain BL-BnLTA-ST. Compared with the control strain BL-BnLTA (254.1 U/L), the enzyme activity of the strain BL-BnLTA-ST reached 1518.4 U/L without the addition of exogenous PLP. An efficient co-immobilization system was then designed. The epoxy resin LX-1000HFA wrapped by polyethyleneimine (PEI) acted as a carrier to immobilize the crude enzyme solution of the strain BL-BnLTA-ST mixed with an extra 100 μM of exogenous PLP, resulting in the catalyst HFAPEI-BnLTA-STPLP 100. HFAPEI-BnLTA-STPLP 100 exhibited a half-life of approximately 450 h, and the application of the catalyst in the continuous biosynthesis of 3-[4-(methylsulfonyl) phenyl] serine had more than 180 batch reactions (>60%conv) without the extra addition of exogenous PLP. The excellent compatibility and stability of the system were further confirmed by other TAs. This work introduced a PLP self-sufficient biocatalysis system that can reduce the cost of PLP and contribute to the industrial application of TA. In addition, the system may also be applied in other PLP-dependent enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zheng
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kaitong Chen
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Sai Fang
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiuli Cheng
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Lirong Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, China.
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Gong L, Xu G, Cao X, Han R, Dong J, Ni Y. High-Throughput Screening Method for Directed Evolution and Characterization of Aldol Activity of D-Threonine Aldolase. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:417-429. [PMID: 33015743 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and reliable method for the determination of aldol condensation activity of threonine aldolases (TAs) toward aldehydes and glycine was developed. This 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) method has high sensitivity and low background disturbance and can be spectrophotometrically measured for high-throughput screening and characterization of TAs. For 4-methylsulfonyl benzaldehyde (MSB), the maximum absorbance peak was observed at around 485 nm. Site-directed saturation mutagenesis libraries of D-threonine aldolase from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans CGMCC 1.4257 (AxDTA) was constructed and screened with this DNPH method for increased aldol activity toward MSB. Two beneficial variants AxDTAD321C and AxDTAN101G were identified. Substrate specificity of AxDTA and variants toward nineteen aldehydes with different substituents was facilely characterized employing this DNPH method. Furthermore, AxDTA variants displayed enhanced catalytic performance and selectivity in aldol reaction. Consequently, our study provides a rapid screening and characterization method for TAs with potential applications in preparation of chiral β-hydroxy-α-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guochao Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xudong Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruizhi Han
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinjun Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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