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Malakar P, Shukla S, Mondal M, Kar RK, Siddiqui JA. The nexus of long noncoding RNAs, splicing factors, alternative splicing and their modulations. RNA Biol 2024; 21:1-20. [PMID: 38017665 PMCID: PMC10761143 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2023.2286099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of alternative splicing (AS) is widely deregulated in a variety of cancers. Splicing is dependent upon splicing factors. Recently, several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to regulate AS by directly/indirectly interacting with splicing factors. This review focuses on the regulation of AS by lncRNAs through their interaction with splicing factors. AS mis-regulation caused by either mutation in splicing factors or deregulated expression of splicing factors and lncRNAs has been shown to be involved in cancer development and progression, making aberrant splicing, splicing factors and lncRNA suitable targets for cancer therapy. This review also addresses some of the current approaches used to target AS, splicing factors and lncRNAs. Finally, we discuss research challenges, some of the unanswered questions in the field and provide recommendations to advance understanding of the nexus of lncRNAs, AS and splicing factors in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushkar Malakar
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Sudhanshu Shukla
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Meghna Mondal
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Kar
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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2
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Kwanten B, Deconick T, Walker C, Wang F, Landesman Y, Daelemans D. E3 ubiquitin ligase ASB8 promotes selinexor-induced proteasomal degradation of XPO1. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114305. [PMID: 36731340 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Selinexor (KPT-330), a small-molecule inhibitor of exportin-1 (XPO1, CRM1) with potent anticancer activity, has recently been granted FDA approval for treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), with a number of additional indications currently under clinical investigation. Since selinexor has often demonstrated synergy when used in combination with other drugs, notably bortezomib and dexamethasone, a more comprehensive approach to uncover new beneficial interactions would be of great value. Moreover, stratifying patients, personalizing therapeutics and improving clinical outcomes requires a better understanding of the genetic vulnerabilities and resistance mechanisms underlying drug response. Here, we used CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function chemogenetic screening to identify drug-gene interactions with selinexor in chronic myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma and DLBCL cell lines. We identified the TGFβ-SMAD4 pathway as an important mediator of resistance to selinexor in multiple myeloma cells. Moreover, higher activity of this pathway correlated with prolonged progression-free survival in multiple myeloma patients treated with selinexor, indicating that the TGFβ-SMAD4 pathway is a potential biomarker predictive of therapeutic outcome. In addition, we identified ASB8 (ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 8) as a shared modulator of selinexor sensitivity across all tested cancer types, with both ASB8 knockout and overexpression resulting in selinexor hypersensitivity. Mechanistically, we showed that ASB8 promotes selinexor-induced proteasomal degradation of XPO1. This study provides insight into the genetic factors that influence response to selinexor treatment and could support both the development of predictive biomarkers as well as new drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Kwanten
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy (Rega Institute), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tine Deconick
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy (Rega Institute), Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Feng Wang
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA 02459, USA
| | | | - Dirk Daelemans
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy (Rega Institute), Leuven, Belgium.
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3
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Bhise A, Park H, Lee W, Sarkar S, Ha YS, Rajkumar S, Nam B, Lim JE, Huynh PT, Lee K, Son JY, Kim JY, Lee KC, Yoo J. Preclinical Evaluation of hnRNPA2B1 Antibody in Human Triple-Negative Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells via PET Imaging. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081677. [PMID: 36015303 PMCID: PMC9415040 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) does not express estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Because TNBC lacks the expression of commonly targeted receptors, it is challenging to develop a new imaging agent for this cancer subtype. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are RNA–protein complexes that have been linked to tumor development and progression. Considering the high expression of hnRNPA2B1, an hnRNP subtype, in TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells, this study aimed to develop a novel hnRNPA2B1 antibody-based nuclear imaging agent. The hnRNPA2B1-specific antibody was radiolabeled with 64Cu and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The trans-cyclooctene (TCO) was functionalized on the antibody to obtain hnRNP-PEG4-TCO and reactive tetrazine (Tz) on the ultrastable bifunctional chelator PCB-TE2A-alkyne to yield PCB-TE2A-Tz for the inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reaction. The 64Cu-radiolabeled antibody was administered and imaged at 1–18 h time points for conventional imaging. Alternatively, the unlabeled antibody conjugate was administered, and 48 h later radiolabeled 64Cu-PCB-TE2A-Tz was administered to the same mice for the pretargeting strategy and imaged at the same time intervals for direct comparison. The tumor was successfully visualized in both strategies, and comparatively, pretargeting showed superior results. The 64Cu-PCB-TE2A-Tz was successfully clicked at the tumor site with hnRNP-PEG4-TCO and the non-clicked were concurrently eliminated. This led to increase the tumor uptake with extremely high tumor-to-background ratio manifested by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and biodistribution studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Bhise
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Woonghee Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Swarbhanu Sarkar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Yeong Su Ha
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Subramani Rajkumar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Bora Nam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Lim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Phuong Tu Huynh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Kiwoong Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Son
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Jung Young Kim
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Kyo Chul Lee
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Jeongsoo Yoo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-420-4947
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Yıldız M, Terzi H, Yıldız SH, Varol N, Özdemİr Erdoğan M, Kasap M, Akçalı N, Solak M. Proteomic analysis of the anticancer effect of various extracts of endemicThermopsisturcica in human cervical cancer cells. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50:1993-2004. [PMID: 32682359 PMCID: PMC7775707 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2005-321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Thermopsisturcica is a perennial species endemic to Turkey and different extracts of T. turcica have an antiproliferative effect on cancer cells, but there has not been any report on HeLa (human cervical cancer) cells. Materials and methods To get a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of anticancer activity of methanolic extracts of leaves (LE) and flowers (FE) of T. turcica, we employed 2-DE-based proteomics to explore the proteins involved in anticancer activity in HeLa cells. Results T. turcica extracts showed a potent cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells with the IC50 values of 1.75 mg/mL for LE and 3.25 mg/mL for FE. The induction of apoptosis by LE and FE was also consistent with increased expression of caspase mRNAs and DNA fragmentation. In terms of the proteomic approach, 27 differentially expressed proteins were detected and identified through MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. These altered proteins were involved in cytoskeleton organization and movement, protein folding, proteolysis and translation, cell cycle and proliferation, signal transduction, cell redox homeostasis, and metabolism. Conclusion Up-regulation of protein disulfide isomerases and down-regulation of Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins, and heat shock proteins may contribute to the induction of apoptosis and arresting of the cell cycle in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Yıldız
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Literature, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Hakan Terzi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Literature, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Saliha Handan Yıldız
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar University of Health Sciences, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Nuray Varol
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar University of Health Sciences, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Müjgan Özdemİr Erdoğan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar University of Health Sciences, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Murat Kasap
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nermin Akçalı
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar University of Health Sciences, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Solak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar University of Health Sciences, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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5
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Liu H, Chen X, Yang X, Li M, Zhang W, Zhang G, Zhan X, Cao L, Li W, Huang Z, Gao R. Involvement of the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway in the heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K-driven inhibition of proliferation and migration in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:394. [PMID: 33193854 PMCID: PMC7656118 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal upregulation of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) expression levels were reported to be involved in the progression of various types of cancer. Therefore, it is hypothesized that hnRNP K may serve as a useful diagnostic marker and antitumor target; however, only a few studies to date have investigated the exact role of hnRNP K in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and the potential downstream signaling pathway involved. The present study aimed to identify the roles of hnRNP K in the proliferation and migration of HNSCC, and the possible signaling pathways hnRNP K may be associated with in HNSCC. hnRNP K expression levels in clinical HNSCC samples were analyzed using the Oncomine and UALCAN databases, and its association with the survival of patients with HNSCC was analyzed using the tumor-immune system interactions database. Short hairpin RNA targeting hnRNP K was transfected into the CAL-27 cell line to establish HNSCC cells with stable hnRNP K-knockdown. Cell viability was analyzed using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and an absolute count assay, and cell proliferation was measured using 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation and colony formation assays. Migratory ability of cells was analyzed using wound healing assay and transwell assay. The growth of xenografts derived from hnRNP K-knockdown cells was also evaluated, and bioinformatics analyses were performed using the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia for Genes and Genomes databases to determine the possible downstream signaling pathways of hnRNP K. Furthermore, the status of the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway in hnRNP K-knockdown cells mediated by small interfering RNA was determined using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. The results revealed that the expression levels of hnRNP K were upregulated in HNSCC cell lines and tissues. Moreover, the upregulation of hnRNP K expression levels was associated with poor survival of patients with HNSCC. The knockdown of hnRNP K also decreased HNSCC cell proliferation and migration, and inhibited tumor growth in nude mice. Bioinformatics analyses identified the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway as a possible downstream signaling pathway of hnRNP K. Knockdown of hnRNP K significantly downregulated the expression levels of Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway-related proteins; while with knockdown of hnRNP K and overexpression of β-Catenin, the expression levels of Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway-related proteins were partially rescued. In conclusion, the present findings indicated that hnRNP K may serve as a candidate diagnostic biomarker and a promising therapeutic target for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Xingjiu Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Xiangwen Zhan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Lin Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Weisha Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Ran Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
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6
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Althurwi SI, Yu JQ, Beale P, Huq F. Sequenced Combinations of Cisplatin and Selected Phytochemicals towards Overcoming Drug Resistance in Ovarian Tumour Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207500. [PMID: 33053689 PMCID: PMC7589098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, cisplatin, artemisinin, and oleanolic acid were evaluated alone, and in combination, on human ovarian A2780, A2780ZD0473R, and A2780cisR cancer cell lines, with the aim of overcoming cisplatin resistance and side effects. Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT reduction assay. Combination index (CI) values were used as a measure of combined drug effect. MALDI TOF/TOF MS/MS and 2-DE gel electrophoresis were used to identify protein biomarkers in ovarian cancer and to evaluate combination effects. Synergism from combinations was dependent on concentration and sequence of administration. Generally, bolus was most synergistic. Moreover, 49 proteins differently expressed by 2 ≥ fold were: CYPA, EIF5A1, Op18, p18, LDHB, P4HB, HSP7C, GRP94, ERp57, mortalin, IMMT, CLIC1, NM23, PSA3,1433Z, and HSP90B were down-regulated, whereas hnRNPA1, hnRNPA2/B1, EF2, GOT1, EF1A1, VIME, BIP, ATP5H, APG2, VINC, KPYM, RAN, PSA7, TPI, PGK1, ACTG and VDAC1 were up-regulated, while TCPA, TCPH, TCPB, PRDX6, EF1G, ATPA, ENOA, PRDX1, MCM7, GBLP, PSAT, Hop, EFTU, PGAM1, SERA and CAH2 were not-expressed in A2780cisR cells. The proteins were found to play critical roles in cell cycle regulation, metabolism, and biosynthetic processes and drug resistance and detoxification. Results indicate that appropriately sequenced combinations of cisplatin with artemisinin (ART) and oleanolic acid (OA) may provide a means to reduce side effects and circumvent platinum resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiah Ibrahim Althurwi
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia; (S.I.A.); (J.Q.Y.)
| | - Jun Q. Yu
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia; (S.I.A.); (J.Q.Y.)
| | - Philip Beale
- Department of Medical Oncology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord NSW 2137, Australia;
| | - Fazlul Huq
- Eman Research Ltd., Canberra ACT 2609, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-411235462
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7
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Liu Y, Shi SL. The roles of hnRNP A2/B1 in RNA biology and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2020; 12:e1612. [PMID: 32588964 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein hnRNPA2/B1 is a member of the hnRNPs family and is widely expressed in various tissues. hnRNPA2/B1 recognizes and binds specific RNA substrates and DNA motifs and is involved in the transcription, splicing processing, transport, stability, and translation regulation of a variety of RNA molecules and in regulating the expression of a large number of genes. hnRNPA2/B1 is also involved in telomere maintenance and DNA repair, while its expression changes and mutations are involved in the development of various tumors and neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases. This paper reviews the role and mechanism of hnRNPA2/B1 in RNA metabolism, tumors, and neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song-Lin Shi
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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8
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RNA-Binding Proteins in Acute Leukemias. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103409. [PMID: 32408494 PMCID: PMC7279408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute leukemias are genetic diseases caused by translocations or mutations, which dysregulate hematopoiesis towards malignant transformation. However, the molecular mode of action is highly versatile and ranges from direct transcriptional to post-transcriptional control, which includes RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) as crucial regulators of cell fate. RBPs coordinate RNA dynamics, including subcellular localization, translational efficiency and metabolism, by binding to their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), thereby controlling the expression of the encoded proteins. In view of the growing interest in these regulators, this review summarizes recent research regarding the most influential RBPs relevant in acute leukemias in particular. The reported RBPs, either dysregulated or as components of fusion proteins, are described with respect to their functional domains, the pathways they affect, and clinical aspects associated with their dysregulation or altered functions.
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9
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Anti-Inflammatory Action of Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 in Patients with Autoimmune Endocrine Disorders. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010009. [PMID: 31861546 PMCID: PMC7019344 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies documented that human fibroblast-limbal stem cells (f-LSCs) possess immunosuppressive capabilities, playing a role in regulating T-cell activity. This study highlights the molecular activities by which human f-LSCs can attenuate the inflammatory responses of self-reactive peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from patients with autoimmune endocrine diseases (AEDs). Anti-CD3 activated PBMCs from twenty healthy donors and fifty-two patients with AEDs were cocultured on f-LSC monolayer. 2D-DIGE proteomic experiments, mass spectrometry sequencing and functional in vitro assays were assessed in cocultured PBMCs. We identified the downmodulation of several human heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNP A2/B1) isoforms in healthy and AED activated PBMCs upon f-LSC interaction. The reduction of hnRNPA2/B1 protein expression largely affected the cycling ki67+, CD25+, PD-1+ reactive cells and the double marked CD8+/hnRNPA2B1+ T cell subset. Anti-PD1 blocking experiments evoked hnRNPA2/B1 overexpression, attributing putative activation function to the protein. hnRNPA2/B2 transient silencing inverted immunopolarization of the self-reactive PBMCs from AEDs toward a M2/Th2-type background. Pharmacological inhibition and co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated the involvement of NF-ĸB in hnRNPA2/B activity and turnover. Our data indicate cardinal involvement of hnRNP A2/B1 protein in peripheral mechanisms of tolerance restoration and attenuation of inflammation, identifying a novel immunoplayer potentially targetable in all AEDs.
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10
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Ryu HG, Kim S, Lee S, Lee E, Kim HJ, Kim DY, Kim KT. HNRNP Q suppresses polyglutamine huntingtin aggregation by post-transcriptional regulation of vaccinia-related kinase 2. J Neurochem 2019; 149:413-426. [PMID: 30488434 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Misfolded proteins with abnormal polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion cause neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington's disease. Recently, it was found that polyQ aggregates accumulate as a result of vaccinia-related kinase 2 (VRK2)-mediated degradation of TCP-1 ring complex (TRiC)/chaperonin-containing TCP-1 (CCT), which has an essential role in the prevention of polyQ protein aggregation and cytotoxicity. The levels of VRK2 are known to be much higher in actively proliferating cells but are maintained at a low level in the brain via an unknown mechanism. Here, we found that basal levels of neuronal cell-specific VRK2 mRNA are maintained by post-transcriptional, rather than transcriptional, regulation. Moreover, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein Q (HNRNP Q) specifically binds to the 3'untranslated region of VRK2 mRNA in neuronal cells to reduce the mRNA stability. As a result, we found a dramatic decrease in CCT4 protein levels in response to a reduction in HNRNP Q levels, which was followed by an increase in polyQ aggregation in human neuroblastoma cells and mouse cortical neurons. Taken together, these results provide new insights into how neuronal HNRNP Q decreases VRK2 mRNA stability and contributes to the prevention of Huntington's disease, while also identifying new prognostic markers of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Guk Ryu
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Sangjune Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea.,Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Saebom Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea.,Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eunju Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea.,Advanced Bio Convergence Center, Pohang Technopark, Pohang, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea.,SL BIGEN, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Do-Yeon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyong-Tai Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
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11
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Wang N, Yu Y, Xu B, Zhang M, Li Q, Miao L. Pivotal prognostic and diagnostic role of the long non‑coding RNA colon cancer‑associated transcript 1 expression in human cancer (Review). Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:771-782. [PMID: 30535444 PMCID: PMC6323215 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been classically defined as regulatory RNA members >200 nucleotides in length, without detectable open‑reading frames to encode proteins. Previous studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs serve critical roles in multiple cancer types. Colon cancer‑associated transcript 1 (CCAT1), a novel cancer‑associated lncRNA, is significantly overexpressed in a number of malignancies. Functionally, as an oncogenic lncRNA, CCAT1 is involved in proliferation, migration, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, chemoresistance and other biological processes of cancer cells through complex regulation mechanisms in the cytoplasm or nucleus. In clinical applications, CCAT1 is additionally positively associated with histological differentiation, tumour node metastasis stage, vascular invasion, overall survival and recurrence‑free survival, which demonstrates its important role as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in cancer. The present review summarises the current research progress of the oncogenic potential and clinical uses of CCAT1 in various human cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Wang
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 21001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 21001, P.R. China
| | - Boming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Mingjiong Zhang
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 21001, P.R. China
| | - Quanpeng Li
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 21001, P.R. China
| | - Lin Miao
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 21001, P.R. China
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12
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hnRNPDL extensively regulates transcription and alternative splicing. Gene 2018; 687:125-134. [PMID: 30447347 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are key players of genome regulation. Here we report the transcriptome study of HnRNP D-Like protein, which belongs to the hnRNP family. We used RNA-seq to analyze the global transcript level and alternative splicing on hnRNPDL shRNA-treated cells and control. Sh-hnRNPDL extensively increased in the expression of genes involved in female pregnancy, cell apoptosis, cell proliferation and cell migration. HnRNPDL regulated alternative splicing of hundreds of genes enriched in transcription regulation and signaling pathways including NOD-like receptor signaling, Notch signaling, and TNF signaling. This study provides the first transcriptome-wide analysis of hnRNPDL regulation of gene expression, which adds to the understanding of critical hnRNPDL functions.
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13
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Magherini F, Fiaschi T, Valocchia E, Becatti M, Pratesi A, Marzo T, Massai L, Gabbiani C, Landini I, Nobili S, Mini E, Messori L, Modesti A, Gamberi T. Antiproliferative effects of two gold(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes in A2780 human ovarian cancer cells: a comparative proteomic study. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28042-28068. [PMID: 29963261 PMCID: PMC6021324 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Au(NHC) and Au(NHC)2, i.e. a monocarbene gold(I) complex and the corresponding bis(carbene) complex, are two structurally related compounds, endowed with cytotoxic properties against several cancer cell lines. Herein, we explore the molecular and cellular mechanisms at the basis of their cytotoxicity in A2780 human ovarian cancer cells. Through a comparative proteomic analysis, we demonstrated that the number of modulated proteins is far larger in Au(NHC)2-treated than in Au(NHC)-treated A2780 cells. Both gold compounds mainly affected proteins belonging to the following functional classes: protein synthesis, metabolism, cytoskeleton and stress response and chaperones. Particularly, Au(NHC)2 gave rise to an evident upregulation of several glycolytic enzymes. Moreover, only Au(NHC)2 triggered a net impairment of respiration and a metabolic shift towards glycolysis, suggesting that mitochondria are relevant cellular targets. We also found that both carbenes, similarly to the gold(I) compound auranofin, caused a strong inhibition of the seleno-enzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). In conclusion, we highlighted that coordination of two carbene ligands to the same gold(I) center greatly enhances the antiproliferative effects of the resulting compound in comparison to the monocarbene derivative. Moreover, TrxR inhibition and metabolic impairment seem to play a major role in the Au(NHC)2 cytotoxicity. Overall, these antiproliferative effects were also confirmed on other two human ovarian cancer cell lines (i.e. SKOV3 and IGROV1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Magherini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tania Fiaschi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Valocchia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Becatti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pratesi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tiziano Marzo
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Massai
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Gabbiani
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ida Landini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefania Nobili
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luigi Messori
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Modesti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tania Gamberi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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14
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β-Asarone Inhibits Invasion and EMT in Human Glioma U251 Cells by Suppressing Splicing Factor HnRNP A2/B1. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030671. [PMID: 29547514 PMCID: PMC6017590 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
β-asarone, the main component in the volatile oil of Acori tatarinowii Rhizoma, has been found to possess antitumor activity. However, its effect and mechanisms against tumor invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) are still unclear. In this study, no or less cytotoxicity was caused by β-asarone within 0–120 μM in human glioma U251 cells for 48 h. β-asarone (30 and 60 μM) inhibited the migration of U251 cells in the wound healing assay, suppressed the invasion of U251 cells in the Boyden chamber invasion assay, and inhibited the adhesion of U251 cells onto the Matrigel. Moreover, β-asarone suppressed EMT with the up-regulation of E-cadherin and the down-regulation of vimentin. HnRNP A2/B1, a well-characterized oncogenic protein, was shown at a high basal level in U251 cells and β-asarone reduced hnRNP A2/B1 expression in a concentration and time-dependent way. Importantly, hnRNP A2/B1 overexpression significantly counteracted the inhibition of β-asarone on the migration, invasion, and adhesion of U251 cells and reversed the modulation of EMT markers by β-asarone. Additionally, β-asarone decreased the MMP-9 and p-STAT3 in U251 cells, which was also reversed by hnRNP A2/B1 overexpression. Together, our results suggest that hnRNP A2/B1 may be a potential molecular target underlying the inhibitory effect of β-asarone on invasion and EMT in glioma cells.
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15
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Yang SH, Li S, Lu G, Xue H, Kim DH, Zhu JJ, Liu Y. Metformin treatment reduces temozolomide resistance of glioblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:78787-78803. [PMID: 27791206 PMCID: PMC5346677 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that metformin acts synergistically with temozolomide (TMZ) to inhibit proliferation of glioma cells including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, the molecular mechanism underlying how metformin exerts its anti-cancer effects remains elusive. We used a combined experimental and bioinformatics approach to identify genes and complex regulatory/signal transduction networks that are involved in restoring TMZ sensitivity of GBM cells after metformin treatment. First, we established TMZ resistant GBM cell lines and found that the resistant cells regained TMZ sensitivity after metformin treatment. We further identified that metformin down-regulates SOX2 expression in TMZ-resistant glioma cells, reduces neurosphere formation capacity of glioblastoma cells, and inhibits GBM xenograft growth in vivo. Finally, the global gene expression profiling data reveals that multiple pathways are involved in metformin treatment related gene expression changes, including fatty acid metabolism and RNA binding and splicing pathways. Our work provided insight of the mechanisms on potential synergistic effects of TMZ and metformin in the treatment of glioblastoma, which will in turn yield potentially translational value for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ho Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, South Korea.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shenglan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guangrong Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Haipeng Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dong H Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jay-Jiguang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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16
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Therapeutic Applications of Targeted Alternative Splicing to Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010075. [PMID: 29283381 PMCID: PMC5796025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of studies has documented the pathological influence of impaired alternative splicing (AS) events on numerous diseases, including cancer. In addition, the generation of alternatively spliced isoforms is frequently noted to result in drug resistance in many cancer therapies. To gain comprehensive insights into the impacts of AS events on cancer biology and therapeutic developments, this paper highlights recent findings regarding the therapeutic routes of targeting alternative-spliced isoforms and splicing regulators to treatment strategies for distinct cancers.
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17
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Rossi A, Moro A, Tebaldi T, Cornella N, Gasperini L, Lunelli L, Quattrone A, Viero G, Macchi P. Identification and dynamic changes of RNAs isolated from RALY-containing ribonucleoprotein complexes. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:6775-6792. [PMID: 28379492 PMCID: PMC5499869 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RALY is a member of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein family (hnRNP), a large family of RNA-binding proteins involved in many aspects of RNA metabolism. Although RALY interactome has been recently characterized, a comprehensive global analysis of RALY-associated RNAs is lacking and the biological function of RALY remains elusive. Here, we performed RIP-seq analysis to identify RALY interacting RNAs and assessed the role of RALY in gene expression. We demonstrate that RALY binds specific coding and non-coding RNAs and associates with translating mRNAs of mammalian cells. Among the identified transcripts, we focused on ANXA1 and H1FX mRNAs, encoding for Annexin A1 and for the linker variant of the histone H1X, respectively. Both proteins are differentially expressed by proliferating cells and are considered as markers for tumorigenesis. We demonstrate that cells lacking RALY expression exhibit changes in the levels of H1FX and ANXA1 mRNAs and proteins in an opposite manner. We also provide evidence for a direct binding of RALY to the U-rich elements present within the 3΄UTR of both transcripts. Thus, our results identify RALY as a poly-U binding protein and as a regulator of H1FX and ANXA1 in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Rossi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento (TN), Italy
| | - Albertomaria Moro
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento (TN), Italy
| | - Toma Tebaldi
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, CIBIO - Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Nicola Cornella
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento (TN), Italy
| | - Lisa Gasperini
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento (TN), Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lunelli
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Sequence and Structure Analysis for Health, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Povo (TN), Italy
| | - Alessandro Quattrone
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, CIBIO - Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Gabriella Viero
- Institute of Biophysics, CNR-Italian National Council for Research, via Sommarive 18, 38123 Trento (TN), Italy
| | - Paolo Macchi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento (TN), Italy
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18
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Bjersand K, Seidal T, Sundström-Poromaa I, Åkerud H, Skirnisdottir I. The clinical and prognostic correlation of HRNPM and SLC1A5 in pathogenesis and prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179363. [PMID: 28609484 PMCID: PMC5469483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prognostic effect of the Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein type M (HNRPM) and Solute carrier 1A5 (SLC1A5) in FIGO-stages I-II epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was designed to investigate the prognostic effect of HNRPM and SLC1A5, and the association with clinical-pathologic characteristics in 131 patients with FIGO-stages I-II epithelial ovarian cancer. Tissue microarrays were constructed and protein levels were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS Positive HRNPM status was associated with positive staining for PUMA (P = 0.04), concomitant PUMA and p21 staining (P = 0.005), and VEGF-R2 (P = 0.003). Positive SLC1A5 staining was associated with positive staining of p27 (P = 0.030), PUMA (P = 0.039), concomitant PUMA and p27 staining, and VEGF-R2 (P = 0.039). In non-serous tumors (n = 72), the SLC1A5 positivity was associated with recurrent disease (P = 0.01). In a multivariable logistic regression analysis FIGO-stage (OR = 12.4), tumor grade (OR = 5.1) and SLC1A5 positivity (OR = 0.1) were independent predictive factors for recurrent disease. Disease-free survival (DFS) in women with SLC1A5-positive non-serous tumors was 92% compared with of 66% in patients with SLC1A5-negative non-serous tumors (Log-rank = 15.343; P = 0.008). In Cox analysis with DFS as endpoint, FIGO-stage (HR = 4.5) and SLC1A5 status (HR = 0.3) were prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS As the proteins HRNPM and SLC1A5 are associated with the cell cycle regulators p21 or p27, the apoptosis regulators PTEN and PUMA, and the VEGF-R2 it is concluded that both proteins have role in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. In patients with non-serous ovarian cancer SLC1A5 protects from recurrent disease, presumably by means of biological mechanisms that are unrelated to cytotoxic drug sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Bjersand
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Seidal
- Department of Pathology, Halmstad Medical Center Hospital, Halmstad, Sweden
| | | | - Helena Åkerud
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden
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19
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Ashton NW, Loo D, Paquet N, O'Byrne KJ, Richard DJ. Novel insight into the composition of human single-stranded DNA-binding protein 1 (hSSB1)-containing protein complexes. BMC Mol Biol 2016; 17:24. [PMID: 27938330 PMCID: PMC5148904 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-016-0077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins are essential cellular components required for the protection, metabolism and processing of single-stranded DNA. Human single-stranded DNA-binding protein 1 (hSSB1) is one such protein, with described roles in genome stability maintenance and transcriptional regulation. As yet, however, the mechanisms through which hSSB1 functions and the binding partners with which it interacts remain poorly understood. Results In this work, hSSB1 was immunoprecipitated from cell lysate samples that had been enriched for non-soluble nuclear proteins and those associating with hSSB1 identified by mass spectrometry. In doing so, 334 potential hSSB1-associating proteins were identified, with known roles in a range of distinct biological processes. Unexpectedly, whilst hSSB1 has largely been studied in a genome stability context, few other DNA repair or replication proteins were detected. By contrast, a large number of proteins were identified with roles in mRNA metabolism, reflecting a currently emerging area of hSSB1 study. In addition, numerous proteins were detected that comprise various chromatin-remodelling complexes. Conclusions These findings provide new insight into the binding partners of hSSB1 and will likely function as a platform for future research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12867-016-0077-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Ashton
- School of Biomedical Research, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Dorothy Loo
- Translational Research Institute Proteomics Facility, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Nicolas Paquet
- School of Biomedical Research, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Kenneth J O'Byrne
- School of Biomedical Research, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Derek J Richard
- School of Biomedical Research, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
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20
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Wang H, Han L, Zhao G, Shen H, Wang P, Sun Z, Xu C, Su Y, Li G, Tong T, Chen J. hnRNP A1 antagonizes cellular senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype via regulation of SIRT1 mRNA stability. Aging Cell 2016; 15:1063-1073. [PMID: 27613566 PMCID: PMC6398525 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells display a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) which contributes to tumor suppression, aging, and cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms for SASP regulation are not fully elucidated. SIRT1, a nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide‐dependent deacetylase, plays multiple roles in metabolism, inflammatory response, and longevity, etc. However, its posttranscriptional regulation and its roles in cellular senescence and SASP regulation are still elusive. Here, we identify the RNA‐binding protein hnRNP A1 as a posttranscriptional regulator of SIRT1, as well as cell senescence and SASP regulator. hnRNP A1 directly interacts with the 3′ untranslated region of SIRT1 mRNA, promotes its stability, and increases SIRT1 expression. hnRNP A1 delays replicative cellular senescence and prevents from Ras OIS via upregulation of SIRT1 expression to deacetylate NF‐κB, thus blunting its transcriptional activity and subsequent IL‐6/IL‐8 induction. hnRNP A1 overexpression promotes cell transformation and tumorigenesis in a SIRT1‐dependent manner. Together, our findings unveil a novel posttranscriptional regulation of SIRT1 by hnRNP A1 and uncover a critical role of hnRNP A1‐SIRT1–NF‐κB pathway in regulating cellular senescence and SASP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Peking University Research Center on Aging Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Peking University Health Science Center Beijing China
| | - Limin Han
- Peking University Research Center on Aging Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Peking University Health Science Center Beijing China
| | - Ganye Zhao
- Peking University Research Center on Aging Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Peking University Health Science Center Beijing China
| | - Hong Shen
- Peking University Research Center on Aging Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Peking University Health Science Center Beijing China
| | - Pengfeng Wang
- Peking University Research Center on Aging Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Peking University Health Science Center Beijing China
| | - Zhaomeng Sun
- Peking University Research Center on Aging Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Peking University Health Science Center Beijing China
| | - Chenzhong Xu
- Peking University Research Center on Aging Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Peking University Health Science Center Beijing China
| | - Yuanyuan Su
- Peking University Research Center on Aging Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Peking University Health Science Center Beijing China
| | - Guodong Li
- Peking University Research Center on Aging Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Peking University Health Science Center Beijing China
| | - Tanjun Tong
- Peking University Research Center on Aging Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Peking University Health Science Center Beijing China
| | - Jun Chen
- Peking University Research Center on Aging Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Peking University Health Science Center Beijing China
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21
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Serine/Arginine-Rich Splicing Factor 3 and Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A1 Regulate Alternative RNA Splicing and Gene Expression of Human Papillomavirus 18 through Two Functionally Distinguishable cis Elements. J Virol 2016; 90:9138-52. [PMID: 27489271 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00965-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human papillomavirus 18 (HPV18) is the second most common oncogenic HPV type associated with cervical, anogenital, and oropharyngeal cancers. Like other oncogenic HPVs, HPV18 encodes two major (one early and one late) polycistronic pre-mRNAs that are regulated by alternative RNA splicing to produce a repertoire of viral transcripts for the expression of individual viral genes. However, RNA cis-regulatory elements and trans-acting factors contributing to HPV18 alternative RNA splicing remain unknown. In this study, an exonic splicing enhancer (ESE) in the nucleotide (nt) 3520 to 3550 region in the HPV18 genome was identified and characterized for promotion of HPV18 929^3434 splicing and E1^E4 production through interaction with SRSF3, a host oncogenic splicing factor differentially expressed in epithelial cells and keratinocytes. Introduction of point mutations in the SRSF3-binding site or knockdown of SRSF3 expression in cells reduces 929^3434 splicing and E1^E4 production but activates other, minor 929^3465 and 929^3506 splicing. Knockdown of SRSF3 expression also enhances the expression of E2 and L1 mRNAs. An exonic splicing silencer (ESS) in the HPV18 nt 612 to 639 region was identified as being inhibitory to the 233^416 splicing of HPV18 E6E7 pre-mRNAs via binding to hnRNP A1, a well-characterized, abundantly and ubiquitously expressed RNA-binding protein. Introduction of point mutations into the hnRNP A1-binding site or knockdown of hnRNP A1 expression promoted 233^416 splicing and reduced E6 expression. These data provide the first evidence that the alternative RNA splicing of HPV18 pre-mRNAs is subject to regulation by viral RNA cis elements and host trans-acting splicing factors. IMPORTANCE Expression of HPV18 genes is regulated by alternative RNA splicing of viral polycistronic pre-mRNAs to produce a repertoire of viral early and late transcripts. RNA cis elements and trans-acting factors contributing to HPV18 alternative RNA splicing have been discovered in this study for the first time. The identified ESS at the E7 open reading frame (ORF) prevents HPV18 233^416 splicing in the E6 ORF through interaction with a host splicing factor, hnRNP A1, and regulates E6 and E7 expression of the early E6E7 polycistronic pre-mRNA. The identified ESE at the E1^E4 ORF promotes HPV18 929^3434 splicing of both viral early and late pre-mRNAs and E1^E4 production through interaction with SRSF3. This study provides important observations on how alternative RNA splicing of HPV18 pre-mRNAs is subject to regulation by viral RNA cis elements and host splicing factors and offers potential therapeutic targets to overcome HPV-related cancer.
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22
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Suk FM, Lin SY, Lin RJ, Hsine YH, Liao YJ, Fang SU, Liang YC. Bortezomib inhibits Burkitt's lymphoma cell proliferation by downregulating sumoylated hnRNP K and c-Myc expression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25988-6001. [PMID: 26317903 PMCID: PMC4694880 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bortezomib (Velcal) was the first proteasome inhibitor to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myelomas. Previous studies have demonstrated that bortezomib inhibits tumor cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by blocking the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway. However, the exact mechanism by which bortezomib induces cancer cell apoptosis is still not well understood. In this study, we found that bortezomib significantly inhibited cell proliferation in both human Burkitt's lymphoma CA46 and Daudi cells. Through proteomic analysis, we found that bortezomib treatment changed the expression of various proteins in distinct functional categories including unfolding protein response (UPS), RNA processing, protein targeting and biosynthesis, apoptosis, and signal transduction. Among the proteins with altered expression, hnRNP K, hnRNP H, Hsp90α, Grp78, and Hsp7C were common to both Daudi and CA46 cells. Interestingly, bortezomib treatment downregulated the expression of high-molecular-weight (HMw) hnRNP K and c-Myc but upregulated the expression of low-molecular-weight (LMw) hnRNP K. Moreover, cell proliferation was significantly correlated with high expression of HMw hnRNP K and c-Myc. HMw and LMw hnRNP K were identified as sumoylated and desumoylated hnRNP K, respectively. Using transient transfection, we found that sumoylated hnRNP K increased c-Myc expression at the translational level and contributed to cell proliferation, and that Lys422 of hnRNP K is the candidate sumoylated residue. Our results suggest that besides inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, bortezomib may inhibit cell proliferation by downregulating sumoylated hnRNP K and c-Myc expression in Burkitt's lymphoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fat-Moon Suk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyr-Yi Lin
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Jye Lin
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsin Hsine
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Liao
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Uei Fang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Liang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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RTVP-1 regulates glioma cell migration and invasion via interaction with N-WASP and hnRNPK. Oncotarget 2016; 6:19826-40. [PMID: 26305187 PMCID: PMC4637324 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) are characterized by increased invasion into the surrounding normal brain tissue. RTVP-1 is highly expressed in GBM and regulates the migration and invasion of glioma cells. To further study RTVP-1 effects we performed a pull-down assay using His-tagged RTVP-1 followed by mass spectrometry and found that RTVP-1 was associated with the actin polymerization regulator, N-WASP. This association was further validated by co-immunoprecipitation and FRET analysis. We found that RTVP-1 increased cell spreading, migration and invasion and these effects were at least partly mediated by N-WASP. Another protein which was found by the pull-down assay to interact with RTVP-1 is hnRNPK. This protein has been recently reported to associate with and to inhibit the effect of N-WASP on cell spreading. hnRNPK decreased cell migration, spreading and invasion in glioma cells. Using co-immunoprecipitation we validated the interactions of hnRNPK with N-WASP and RTVP-1 in glioma cells. In addition, we found that overexpression of RTVP-1 decreased the association of N-WASP and hnRNPK. In summary, we report that RTVP-1 regulates glioma cell spreading, migration and invasion and that these effects are mediated via interaction with N-WASP and by interfering with the inhibitory effect of hnRNPK on the function of this protein.
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24
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Eder S, Lamkowski A, Priller M, Port M, Steinestel K. Radiosensitization and downregulation of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) upon inhibition of mitogen/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) in malignant melanoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:17178-91. [PMID: 26136337 PMCID: PMC4627300 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) is an important cofactor in the p53-mediated DNA damage response pathway upon ionizing radiation (IR) and exerts anti-apoptotic effects also independent of p53 pathway activation. Furthermore, hnRNP K is overexpressed in various neoplasms including malignant melanoma (MM). Here, we investigate the role of hnRNP K in the radioresistance of MM cells. Methods and results Our results show cytoplasmic expression of hnRNP K in human MM surgical specimens, but not in benign nevi, and a quick dose- and time-dependent upregulation in response to IR accompanied by cytoplasmic redistribution of the protein in the IPC-298 cellular tumor model carrying an activating NRAS mutation (p.Q61L). SiRNA-based knockdown of hnRNP K induced a delayed decline in γH2AX/53BP1-positive DNA repair foci upon IR. Pharmacological interference with MAPK signaling abrogated ERK phosphorylation, diminished cellular hnRNP K levels, impaired γH2AX/53BP1-foci repair and proliferative capability and increased apoptosis comparable to the observed hnRNP K knockdown phenotype in IPC-298 cells. Conclusion Our results indicate that pharmacological interference with MAPK signaling increases vulnerability of NRAS-mutant malignant melanoma cells to ionizing radiation along with downregulation of endogenous hnRNP K and point towards a possible use for combined MEK inhibition and localized radiation therapy of MM in the NRAS-mutant setting where BRAF inhibitors offer no clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Eder
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Markus Priller
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Konrad Steinestel
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, 80937 Munich, Germany.,Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
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25
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Tummala R, Nadiminty N, Lou W, Evans CP, Gao AC. Lin28 induces resistance to anti-androgens via promotion of AR splice variant generation. Prostate 2016; 76:445-55. [PMID: 26714839 PMCID: PMC5372699 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is androgen-dependent initially and progresses to a castration-resistant state after androgen deprivation therapy. Treatment options for castration-resistant PCa include the potent second-generation anti-androgen enzalutamide or CYP17A1 inhibitor abiraterone. Recent clinical observations point to the development of resistance to these therapies which may be mediated by constitutively active alternative splice variants of the androgen receptor (AR). METHODS Sensitivity of LNCaP cells overexpressing Lin28 (LN-Lin28) to enzalutamide, abiraterone, or bicalutamide was compared to that of control LN-neo cells using cell growth assays, proliferation assays using MTT, anchorage-dependent clonogenic ability assays and soft agar assays. Ability of LN-Lin28 cells to maintain AR activation after treatment with enzalutamide, abiraterone, or bicalutamide was tested using immunofluorescence, Western blotting, ChIP assays, and qRT-PCR. Importance of Lin28 in enzalutamide resistance was assessed by the downregulation of Lin28 expression in C4-2B and 22Rv1 cells chronically treated with enzalutamide. Requirement for sustained AR signaling in LN-Lin28 cells was examined by the downregulation of either full length AR or AR-V7 using siRNA. RESULTS We show that Lin28 promotes the development of resistance to currently used targeted therapeutics by enhancing the expression of AR splice variants such as AR-V7. PCa cells overexpressing Lin28 exhibit resistance to treatment with enzalutamide, abiraterone, or bicalutamide. Downregulation of Lin28 resensitizes enzalutamide-resistant PCa cells to enzalutamide treatment. We also show that the upregulation of splicing factors such as hnRNPA1 by Lin28 may mediate the enhanced generation of AR splice variants in Lin28-expressing cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Lin28 plays a key role in the acquisition of resistance to AR-targeted therapies by PCa cells and establish the importance of Lin28 in PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakumar Tummala
- Department of Urology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
| | | | - Wei Lou
- Department of Urology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Christopher P. Evans
- Department of Urology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Allen C. Gao
- Department of Urology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
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26
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Lu J, Gao FH. Role and molecular mechanism of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K in tumor development and progression. Biomed Rep 2016; 4:657-663. [PMID: 27284403 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) is a member of the hnRNP family, which exists in the nucleus and the cytoplasm simultaneously. It is a multifunctional protein that can participate in a variety of regulatory progressions of gene expression and signal transduction, such as chromatin remodeling, transcription, RNA alternative splicing and translation. hnRNP K not only directly binds to the kinases, but also recruits the associated factors regarding transcription, splicing and translation to control gene expression, and therefore, it serves as a docking platform for integrating transduction pathways to nucleic acid-directed processes. Numerous studies also show that abnormal expression of hnRNP K is closely associated with the tumor formation. This protein is overexpressed in numerous types of cancer and its aberrant cytoplasmic localization is also associated with a worse prognosis for patients. These results consistently indicate that hnRNP K has a key role in cancer progression. To understand the hnRNP K pathophysiological process in tumor disease, the previous research results regarding the association between hnRNP K and tumors were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Institute of Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Hou Gao
- Institute of Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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27
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Zheng Q, Liu H, Ye J, Zhang H, Jia Z, Cao J. Nuclear distribution of eIF3g and its interacting nuclear proteins in breast cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2973-80. [PMID: 26935993 PMCID: PMC4805062 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit g (eIF3g) is a core subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex, and is important in the initiation of translation. It is also involved in caspase-mediated apoptosis, and is upregulated in multidrug-resistant cancer cells. In the present study, the nuclear distribution of eIF3g was determined by performing co-immunoprecipitation of proteins that potentially interact with eIF3g in the nucleus. Mass spectrometry characterization showed that three proteins, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U/scaffold attachment factor A, HSZFP36/zinc finger protein 823 and β-actin, were among the candidate eIF3g-interacting proteins in the nucleus. The protein-protein interaction was further confirmed by cross-linking and a glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay, followed by western blotting. The co-localization of these proteins was determined by confocal microscopy. These findings provide novel insight into the possible functions of eIF3g in the nucleus and serves as an important first step for further investigation of the roles of eIF3g in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Zheng
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Institute of Occupational Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, P.R. China
| | - Jingjia Ye
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- Institute of Occupational Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Cao
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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28
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Unraveling Molecular Differences of Gastric Cancer by Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010069. [PMID: 26805816 PMCID: PMC4730314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) has significant morbidity and mortality worldwide and especially in China. Its molecular pathogenesis has not been thoroughly elaborated. The acknowledged biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, recurrence monitoring and treatment are lacking. Proteins from matched pairs of human GC and adjacent tissues were analyzed by a coupled label-free Mass Spectrometry (MS) approach, followed by functional annotation with software analysis. Nano-LC-MS/MS, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to validate dysregulated proteins. One hundred forty-six dysregulated proteins with more than twofold expressions were quantified, 22 of which were first reported to be relevant with GC. Most of them were involved in cancers and gastrointestinal disease. The expression of a panel of four upregulated nucleic acid binding proteins, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein hnRNPA2B1, hnRNPD, hnRNPL and Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX-1) were validated by Nano-LC-MS/MS, qRT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry assays in ten GC patients’ tissues. They were located in the keynotes of a predicted interaction network and might play important roles in abnormal cell growth. The label-free quantitative proteomic approach provides a deeper understanding and novel insight into GC-related molecular changes and possible mechanisms. It also provides some potential biomarkers for clinical diagnosis.
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29
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Yang Y, Jia D, Kim H, Abd Elmageed ZY, Datta A, Davis R, Srivastav S, Moroz K, Crawford BE, Moparty K, Thomas R, Hudson RS, Ambs S, Abdel-Mageed AB. Dysregulation of miR-212 Promotes Castration Resistance through hnRNPH1-Mediated Regulation of AR and AR-V7: Implications for Racial Disparity of Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:1744-56. [PMID: 26553749 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The causes of disproportionate incidence and mortality of prostate cancer among African Americans (AA) remain elusive. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanistic role and assess clinical utility of the splicing factor heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (hnRNP H1) in prostate cancer progression among AA men. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We employed an unbiased functional genomics approach coupled with suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) and custom cDNA microarrays to identify differentially expressed genes in microdissected tumors procured from age- and tumor grade-matched AA and Caucasian American (CA) men. Validation analysis was performed in independent cohorts and tissue microarrays. The underlying mechanisms of hnRNPH1 regulation and its impact on androgen receptor (AR) expression and tumor progression were explored. RESULTS Aberrant coexpression of AR and hnRNPH1 and downregulation of miR-212 were detected in prostate tumors and correlate with disease progression in AA men compared with CA men. Ectopic expression of miR-212 mimics downregulated hnRNPH1 transcripts, which in turn reduced expression of AR and its splice variant AR-V7 (or AR3) in prostate cancer cells. hnRNPH1 physically interacts with AR and steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3) and primes activation of androgen-regulated genes in a ligand-dependent and independent manner. siRNA silencing of hnRNPH1 sensitized prostate cancer cells to bicalutamide and inhibited prostate tumorigenesis in vivo CONCLUSIONS Our findings define novel roles for hnRNPH1 as a putative oncogene, splicing factor, and an auxiliary AR coregulator. Targeted disruption of the hnRNPH1-AR axis may have therapeutic implications to improve clinical outcomes in patients with advanced prostate cancer, especially among AA men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Yang
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Dingwu Jia
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Hogyoung Kim
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Amrita Datta
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Rodney Davis
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Sudesh Srivastav
- Department of Biostatistics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Krzysztof Moroz
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Byron E Crawford
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Krishnarao Moparty
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Division of Urology, Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Raju Thomas
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Robert S Hudson
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Asim B Abdel-Mageed
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
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30
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Kim SY, Sim CK, Tang H, Han W, Zhang K, Xu F. Acetylome Analysis Identifies SIRT1 Targets in mRNA-Processing and Chromatin-Remodeling in Mouse Liver. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140619. [PMID: 26468954 PMCID: PMC4607365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is a post-translational modification found on numerous proteins, a strategy used in cell signaling to change protein activity in response to internal or external cues. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a central lysine deacetylase involved in a variety of cellular processes including metabolism, apoptosis, and DNA repair. Here we characterize the lysine acetylome in mouse liver, and by using a model of Sirt1-/-knockout mouse, show that SIRT1 regulates the deacetylation of 70 proteins in the liver in-vivo. Amongst these SIRT1-regulated proteins, we find that four RNA-processing proteins and a chromatin-remodeling protein can be deacetylated by SIRT1 directly in-vitro. The discovery that SIRT1 has a potential role in RNA-processing suggests a new layer of regulation in the variety of functions performed by SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Yee Kim
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon Kiat Sim
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Weiping Han
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kangling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KZ); (FX)
| | - Feng Xu
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (KZ); (FX)
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Zhou M, Tong X. Downregulated Poly-C binding protein-1 is a novel predictor associated with poor prognosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:147. [PMID: 26293996 PMCID: PMC4546103 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0377-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depletion of Poly-C binding protein-1(PCBP1) is implicated in various human malignancies. However, the underlying biological effect of PCBP1 in cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), still remains elusive. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression and clinical outcome of PCBP1in acute myeloid leukemia. Methods Bone marrow fluids of 88 newly diagnosed AML patients were sampled, and the PCBP1 mRNA expression level was evaluated using quantitative RT-PCR. The association between PCBP1 expression and clinicopathological features or the survival status of the patients was assessed by Chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier method. Results Comparing newly diagnosed AML patients to normal healthy donors, PCBP1 expression was significantly decreased in AML patients (P < 0.001). Conversely, PCBP1 expression had accordingly recovered back to normal in patients with complete remission (P < 0.001). Clinical feature analyses showed that PCBP1 expression was negatively correlated with white blood cell count (P = 0.024). In addition, patients with low PCBP1 expression had poor disease-free survival (11.8 % vs. 45.3 %; P = 0.01) and overall survival (18.2 % vs. 42.4 %; P = 0.032), respectively. Conclusions Taken together, our results showed for the first time that expression of PCBP1 was down-regulated in newly diagnosed AML patients and might be an independent prognostic marker in AML and should to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifeng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| | - Xiuzhen Tong
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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32
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Di Luca A, Henry M, Meleady P, O'Connor R. Label-free LC-MS analysis of HER2+ breast cancer cell line response to HER2 inhibitor treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 23:40. [PMID: 26238995 PMCID: PMC4524286 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-015-0120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human epidermal growth-factor receptor (HER)-2 is overexpressed in 25 % of breast-cancers and is associated with an aggressive form of the disease with significantly shortened disease free and overall survival. In recent years, the use of HER2-targeted therapies, monoclonal-antibodies and small molecule tyrosine-kinase inhibitors has significantly improved the clinical outcome for HER2-positive breast-cancer patients. However, only a fraction of HER2-amplified patients will respond to therapy and the use of these treatments is often limited by tumour drug insensitivity or resistance and drug toxicities. Currently there is no way to identify likely responders or rational combinations with the potential to improve HER2-focussed treatment outcome. METHODS In order to further understand the molecular mechanisms of treatment-response with HER2-inhibitors, we used a highly-optimised and reproducible quantitative label-free LC-MS strategy to characterize the proteomes of HER2-overexpressing breast-cancer cell-lines (SKBR3, BT474 and HCC1954) in response to drug-treatment with HER2-inhibitors (lapatinib, neratinib or afatinib). RESULTS Following 12 ours treatment with different HER2-inhibitors in the BT474 cell-line; compared to the untreated cells, 16 proteins changed significantly in abundance following lapatinib treatment (1 μM), 21 proteins changed significantly following neratinib treatment (150 nM) and 38 proteins changed significantly following afatinib treatment (150 nM). Whereas following 24 hours treatment with neratinib (200 nM) 46 proteins changed significantly in abundance in the HCC1954 cell-line and 23 proteins in the SKBR3 cell-line compared to the untreated cells. Analysing the data we found that, proteins like trifunctional-enzyme subunit-alpha, mitochondrial; heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein-R and lamina-associated polypeptide 2, isoform alpha were up-regulated whereas heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein was down-regulated in 3 or more comparisons. CONCLUSION This proteomic study highlights several proteins that are closely associated with early HER2-inhibitor response and will provide a valuable resource for further investigation of ways to improve efficacy of breast-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Di Luca
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, DCU, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Michael Henry
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, DCU, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, DCU, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Robert O'Connor
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, DCU, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland. .,School of Nursing and Human Sciences, DCU, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland.
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A preliminary quantitative proteomic analysis of glioblastoma pseudoprogression. Proteome Sci 2015; 13:12. [PMID: 25866482 PMCID: PMC4393599 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-015-0066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Pseudoprogression disease (PsPD) is commonly observed during glioblastoma (GBM) follow-up after adjuvant therapy. Because it is difficult to differentiate PsPD from true early progression of GBM, we have used a quantitative proteomics strategy to identify molecular signatures and develop predictive markers of PsPD. RESULTS An initial screening of three PsPD and three GBM patients was performed, and from which 530 proteins with significant fold changes were identified. By conducting biological functional analysis of these proteins, we found evidence that the protein synthesis network and the cellular growth and proliferation network were most significantly affected. Moreover, six of the proteins (HNRNPK, ELAVL1, CDH2, FBLN1, CALU and FGB) involved in the two networks were validated (n = 18) in the same six samples and in twelve additional samples using immunohistochemistry methods and the western blot analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis in distinguishing PsPD patients from GBM patients yielded an area under curve (AUC) value of 0.90 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.662-0.9880) for CDH2 and.0.92 (95% CI, 0.696-0.995) for CDH2 combined with ELAVL1. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study both revealed the biological signatures of PsPD from a proteomics perspective and indicated that CDH2 alone or combined with ELAVL1 could be potential biomarkers with high accuracy in the diagnosis of PsPD.
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Costa O, Schneider P, Coquet L, Chan P, Penther D, Legrand E, Jouenne T, Vasse M, Vannier JP. Proteomic profile of pre - B2 lymphoblasts from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in relation with the translocation (12; 21). Clin Proteomics 2014; 11:31. [PMID: 25136288 PMCID: PMC4128613 DOI: 10.1186/1559-0275-11-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Until now, the major prognostic factors for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), age, white blood cell count and chromosomal alterations are initially taken into account for the risk stratification of patients. In the light of protein marker studies to classify subtypes of Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia efficiently, we have compared the lymphoblastes proteome in Childhood ALL in accordance with the presence of t(12;21), indicator of good prognosis, usually. Methods Protein expression in pre-B2 lymphoblastic cells, collected from residual bone marrow cells after diagnostic procedures, was analyzed using two dimensional gel electrophoresis protocol. Protein spots whose average normalized volumes were statistically different in the two patients groups (n = 13; student t test p < 0.01), were excised. Tryptic peptides were then analyzed using a nano-LC1200 system coupled to a 6340 Ion Trap mass spectrometer equipped with a HPLC-chip cube interface. The tandem mass spectrometry peak lists extracted using the DataAnalysis program, were compared with the protein database Mascot Daemon. Results We focused on twelve spots corresponding to sixteen identified candidate proteins among the 26 found differentially expressed (p ≤ 0.05) regarding the presence of t(12;21). Among over expressed proteins, two proteins were implicated in cellular growth arrest (i.e. calponine 2, p ≤ 0.001 and phosphatidylinositol transfer protein beta, p ≤ 0.001) in accordance with good prognosis, while two other proteins favored cell cycle proliferation (i.e. methionine adenosyl transferase 2β, p ≤ 0.005 and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleo-proteins A2 p ≤ 0.01) and could therefore be good marker candidates of aggressiveness. Level of expression of proteasome subunit beta type-2 (p ≤ 0.01) and protein casein kinase 2α (p ≤ 0.01) which both favored apoptosis, deubiquitinating enzyme OTUB1 (p ≤ 0.05) and MLL septin-like fusion protein MSF-B, septin 9 i4 (p ≤ 0.01) were in accord with a good prognosis related to t(12;21) lymphoblasts. Conclusion By drawing up the protein map of leukemic cells, these new data identified marker candidates of leukemic aggressiveness and new t(12;21) patients subgroups. These preliminary results will be in the near future confirmed by using a larger sample of pre-B2 childhood ALLs from national lymphoblastic cell collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Costa
- Laboratoire MERCI, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Rouen, 123 boulevard Gambetta, Rouen, Cedex 76183, France
| | - Pascale Schneider
- Laboratoire MERCI, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Rouen, 123 boulevard Gambetta, Rouen, Cedex 76183, France ; Service d'Immuno-Hématologie Onco-pédiatrique du CHRU de Rouen, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Rouen 76031, France
| | - Laurent Coquet
- PISSARO Proteomic facility, (IRIB), U-Rouen, Mont Saint- Aignan, France ; CNRS UMR 6270, Team « Biofilms, Résistance, Interactions Cellules-Surfaces », U-Rouen, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Philippe Chan
- PISSARO Proteomic facility, (IRIB), U-Rouen, Mont Saint- Aignan, France
| | - Dominique Penther
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen 76000, France
| | - Elisabeth Legrand
- Laboratoire MERCI, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Rouen, 123 boulevard Gambetta, Rouen, Cedex 76183, France
| | - Thierry Jouenne
- PISSARO Proteomic facility, (IRIB), U-Rouen, Mont Saint- Aignan, France ; CNRS UMR 6270, Team « Biofilms, Résistance, Interactions Cellules-Surfaces », U-Rouen, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Marc Vasse
- Laboratoire MERCI, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Rouen, 123 boulevard Gambetta, Rouen, Cedex 76183, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Vannier
- Laboratoire MERCI, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Rouen, 123 boulevard Gambetta, Rouen, Cedex 76183, France ; Service d'Immuno-Hématologie Onco-pédiatrique du CHRU de Rouen, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Rouen 76031, France
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The heterodimeric structure of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C1/C2 dictates 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-directed transcriptional events in osteoblasts. Bone Res 2014; 2. [PMID: 25506471 PMCID: PMC4261231 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2014.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) C plays a key role in RNA processing but also exerts a dominant negative effect on responses to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) by functioning as a vitamin D response element-binding protein (VDRE-BP). hnRNPC acts a tetramer of hnRNPC1 (huC1) and hnRNPC2 (huC2), and organization of these subunits is critical to in vivo nucleic acid-binding. Overexpression of either huC1 or huC2 in human osteoblasts is sufficient to confer VDRE-BP suppression of 1,25(OH)2D-mediated transcription. However, huC1 or huC2 alone did not suppress 1,25(OH)2D-induced transcription in mouse osteoblastic cells. By contrast, overexpression of huC1 and huC2 in combination or transfection with a bone-specific polycistronic vector using a “self-cleaving” 2A peptide to co-express huC1/C2 suppressed 1,25D-mediated induction of osteoblast target gene expression. Structural diversity of hnRNPC between human/NWPs and mouse/rat/rabbit/dog was investigated by analysis of sequence variations within the hnRNP CLZ domain. The predicted loss of distal helical function in hnRNPC from lower species provides an explanation for the altered interaction between huC1/C2 and their mouse counterparts. These data provide new evidence of a role for hnRNPC1/C2 in 1,25(OH)2D-driven gene expression, and further suggest that species-specific tetramerization is a crucial determinant of its actions as a regulator of VDR-directed transactivation.
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Emerging roles for hnRNPs in post-transcriptional regulation: what can we learn from flies? Chromosoma 2014; 123:515-27. [PMID: 24913828 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-014-0470-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are a highly conserved family of RNA-binding proteins able to associate with nascent RNAs in order to support their localization, maturation and translation. Research over this last decade has remarked the importance of gene regulatory processes at post-transcriptional level, highlighting the emerging roles of hnRNPs in several essential biological events. Indeed, hnRNPs are key factors in regulating gene expression, thus, having a number of roles in many biological pathways. Moreover, failure of the activities catalysed by hnRNPs affects various biological processes and may underlie several human diseases including cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative syndromes. In this review, we summarize some of hnRNPs' roles in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, particularly focusing on their participation in all aspects of post-transcriptional regulation as well as their conserved role and involvement in the aetiology of human pathologies.
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Abstract
Numerous studies describe alterations in the levels of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) that are associated with human pathologies. Some of these alterations may give rise to the development of novel diagnostic tools, while certain miRNAs additionally could serve as novel drug targets. Moreover, components of the miRNA maturation machinery may be up- or down-regulated in human disease. In such cases, the consequences for the expression of individual miRNAs are however only poorly understood. Herein, we review the current knowledge of how miRNAs are linked to human disease and which parts of the miRNA maturation machinery could serve as future drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlen Hesse
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Chen S, Dong Q, Hu S, Cai J, Zhang W, Sun J, Wang T, Xie J, He H, Xing J, Lu J, Dong Y. Proteomic analysis of the proteins that are associated with the resistance to paclitaxel in human breast cancer cells. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:294-303. [PMID: 24292090 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70428a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancers frequently develop resistance to paclitaxel but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be determined. We have investigated the proteins that are associated with the paclitaxel resistance in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells using proteomic analysis. Paclitaxel resistant human breast cancer MCF-7 cells (MCF-7/P) were established by escalating the concentrations of paclitaxel to drug-sensitive MCF-7 cells (MCF-7/S). The global protein profiles of MCF-7/P and MCF-7/S were compared using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Eleven proteins were upregulated while six proteins were downregulated in MCF-7/P cells. Western blot and real-time PCR analyses showed that the protein and mRNA levels of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP C1/C2), SET nuclear oncogene (SET), aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), transgelin-2 (TAGLN2) were increased, while those of nucleoside-diphosphate kinase A (NDKA) were decreased in MCF-7/P cells. Accordingly, knockdown of TAGLN2 by siRNA sensitized MCF-7/P cells to paclitaxel and reduced the multidrug resistance (MDR). Our identification of differential proteins, particularly transgelin-2, provides new insights into the mechanism of MDR to paclitaxel and novel biological targets for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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Chen CY, Yang SC, Lee KH, Yang X, Wei LY, Chow LP, Wang TCV, Hong TM, Lin JC, Kuan C, Yang PC. The antitumor agent PBT-1 directly targets HSP90 and hnRNP A2/B1 and inhibits lung adenocarcinoma growth and metastasis. J Med Chem 2014; 57:677-85. [PMID: 24428777 PMCID: PMC3983378 DOI: 10.1021/jm401686b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Natural
products are the major sources of currently available anticancer
drugs. We recently reported that phenanthrene-based tylophorine derivative-1
(PBT-1) may be a potential antitumor agent for lung adenocarcinoma.
We therefore examined the direct targets of PBT-1 and their effects
in inhibiting lung adenocarcinoma. We found that PBT-1 reduced the
level of Slug and inhibits the migration, invasion, and filopodia
formation of lung adenocarcinoma CL1-5 cells in vitro. In addition,
PBT-1 displayed in vivo antitumor and antimetastasis activities against
subcutaneous and orthotopic xenografts of CL1-5 cells in nude mice.
Chemical proteomics showed that heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and
heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2/B1 (hnRNP A2/B1) bound
PBT-1 in CL1-5 cells. Inhibition of HSP90 and hnRNP A2/B1 reduced
the activation of AKT and Slug expression. Taken together, these findings
suggest that PBT-1 binds to HSP90 and/or hnRNP A2/B1 and initiates
antitumor activities by affecting Slug- and AKT-mediated metastasis
and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yuan Chen
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, ‡Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, and §Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Tang F, Li W, Chen Y, Wang D, Han J, Liu D. Downregulation of hnRNP K by RNAi inhibits growth of human lung carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1073-1077. [PMID: 24944671 PMCID: PMC3961450 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, but its pathogenesis remains unknown. The current study examined the effects of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K)-targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) on the growth and apoptosis of lung cancer cells in vitro. The expression of hnRNP K was studied by the SP method of immunohistochemistry in lung tissue samples of 70 cases of lung cancer. hnRNP K siRNA were transfected into human lung cancer cell line, A549, using Lipofectamine 2000. Cells transfected with siRNAn and untreated served as controls. The inhibitory effect of siRNA on the expression of hnRNP K mRNA and protein was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The change in cell cycling and cell apoptosis of siRNA-treated cells was detected by flow cytometry. The rates of positive hnRNP K expression in lung tumors of diameters ≤3, 3–5 and ≥5 cm, were 38.5, 95.2 and 91.7%, respectively. A significant difference was identified between lung tumors with diameters of ≤3 and ≥3 cm (P<0.01). The expression of hnRNP K mRNA was significantly inhibited in siRNA-transfected cells compared with that in control cells (P<0.05). Notably, hnRNP K protein decreased in hnRNP K siRNA-transfected cells, but exhibited no effect on the control groups. siRNA targeting human hnRNP K effectively inhibited the growth of lung cancer cell line, A549, and the distribution of the cell cycle. The apoptosis rate was 4.79% and the number of cells increased in the G0/G1 phase from 37.21 to 85.60% and decreased in the S and G2/M phases from 47.71 to 13.50% and 14.00 to 0.32%, respectively, following 24 h of transfection. hnRNP K siRNA promotes A549 apoptosis and the apoptosis rate was 4.79% (P<0.01). Therefore, hnRNP K siRNA may inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells. In addition, hnRNP K promotes the growth of lung cancer cells and, therefore, hnRNP K siRNA may inhibit the growth and increase the apoptosis of lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China ; Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Juan Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Ouh IO, Seo MG, Shah FA, Gim SA, Koh PO. Proteomic analysis of testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 76:313-21. [PMID: 24189580 PMCID: PMC4013356 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular torsion is a urological emergency that leads to serious testicular
damage and male infertility. We performed this study to identify specific proteins that
are differentially expressed in response to testicular torsion and detorsion-induced
ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. Adult male rats were divided into two groups: a
sham-operated group and a testicular I-R group. Testicular torsion was induced by rotating
the left testis 720° in a clockwise direction for 1 hr, and then, detorsion was performed
for 24 hr. After this testicular tissues were collected, protein analysis was performed
using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and Western blot analyses. Testicular I-R injury
resulted in serious histopathologic damage to the germinal cells in the seminiferous
tubules and increased the number of TUNEL-positive cells in testicular tissue. Specific
protein spots with a greater than 2.5-fold change in intensity between the sham-operated
and testicular I-R groups were identified by mass spectrometry. Among these proteins,
levels of peroxiredoxin 6, thioredoxin, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins,
ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase isozyme L5 and zinc finger AN1-type domain 3 were
decreased in the testicular I-R group compared to the sham-operated group. Moreover,
Western blot analysis clearly showed the decrease of these proteins in the testicular I-R
group. These proteins have spermatogenesis and anti-oxidative functions. These findings
suggest that testicular I-R results in cell death due to altered expression of several
proteins with spermatogenesis and anti-oxidation functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Ohk Ouh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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Jean-Philippe J, Paz S, Caputi M. hnRNP A1: the Swiss army knife of gene expression. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:18999-9024. [PMID: 24065100 PMCID: PMC3794818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140918999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells express a large variety of RNA binding proteins (RBPs), with diverse affinities and specificities towards target RNAs. These proteins play a crucial role in almost every aspect of RNA biogenesis, expression and function. The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are a complex and diverse family of RNA binding proteins. hnRNPs display multiple functions in the processing of heterogeneous nuclear RNAs into mature messenger RNAs. hnRNP A1 is one of the most abundant and ubiquitously expressed members of this protein family. hnRNP A1 plays multiple roles in gene expression by regulating major steps in the processing of nascent RNA transcripts. The transcription, splicing, stability, export through nuclear pores and translation of cellular and viral transcripts are all mechanisms modulated by this protein. The diverse functions played by hnRNP A1 are not limited to mRNA biogenesis, but extend to the processing of microRNAs, telomere maintenance and the regulation of transcription factor activity. Genomic approaches have recently uncovered the extent of hnRNP A1 roles in the development and differentiation of living organisms. The aim of this review is to highlight recent developments in the study of this protein and to describe its functions in cellular and viral gene expression and its role in human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Jean-Philippe
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
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Functions of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins in stem cell potency and differentiation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:623978. [PMID: 23984388 PMCID: PMC3745930 DOI: 10.1155/2013/623978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells possess huge importance in developmental biology, disease modelling, cell replacement therapy, and tissue engineering in regenerative medicine because they have the remarkable potential for self-renewal and to differentiate into almost all the cell types in the human body. Elucidation of molecular mechanisms regulating stem cell potency and differentiation is essential and critical for extensive application. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are modular proteins consisting of RNA-binding motifs and auxiliary domains characterized by extensive and divergent functions in nucleic acid metabolism. Multiple roles of hnRNPs in transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation enable them to be effective gene expression regulators. More recent findings show that hnRNP proteins are crucial factors implicated in maintenance of stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency and cell differentiation. The hnRNPs interact with certain sequences in target gene promoter regions to initiate transcription. In addition, they recognize 3′UTR or 5′UTR of specific gene mRNA forming mRNP complex to regulate mRNA stability and translation. Both of these regulatory pathways lead to modulation of gene expression that is associated with stem cell proliferation, cell cycle control, pluripotency, and committed differentiation.
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Bonomi S, di Matteo A, Buratti E, Cabianca DS, Baralle FE, Ghigna C, Biamonti G. HnRNP A1 controls a splicing regulatory circuit promoting mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:8665-79. [PMID: 23863836 PMCID: PMC3794575 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an embryonic program used by cancer cells to acquire invasive capabilities becoming metastatic. ΔRon, a constitutively active isoform of the Ron tyrosine kinase receptor, arises from skipping of Ron exon 11 and provided the first example of an alternative splicing variant causatively linked to the activation of tumor EMT. Splicing of exon 11 is controlled by two adjacent regulatory elements, a silencer and an enhancer of splicing located in exon 12. The alternative splicing factor and oncoprotein SRSF1 directly binds to the enhancer, induces the production of ΔRon and activates EMT leading to cell locomotion. Interestingly, we now find an important role for hnRNP A1 in controlling the activity of the Ron silencer. HnRNP A1 is able to antagonize the binding of SRSF1 and prevent exon skipping. Notably, hnRNP A1, by inhibiting the production of ΔRon, activates the reversal program, namely the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, which instead occurs at the final metastasis sites. Also, hnRNP A1 affects Ron splicing by regulating the expression level of hnRNP A2/B1, which similarly to SRSF1 can promote ΔRon production. These results shed light on how splicing regulation contributes to the tumor progression and provide potential targets to develop anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bonomi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), 27100 Pavia, Italy, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 34012 Trieste, Italy and Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells, and Gene Therapy, Dulbecco Telethon Institute at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Wang J, Guo Y, Chu H, Guan Y, Bi J, Wang B. Multiple functions of the RNA-binding protein HuR in cancer progression, treatment responses and prognosis. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10015-41. [PMID: 23665903 PMCID: PMC3676826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140510015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human embryonic lethal abnormal vision-like protein, HuR, is a member of the Hu family of RNA-binding proteins. Over the past decade, this ubiquitously expressed protein has been extensively investigated in cancer research because it is involved in the regulation of mRNA stability and translation in many cell types. HuR activity and function is associated with its subcellular distribution, transcriptional regulation, translational and post-translational modifications. HuR regulation of target mRNAs is based on the interaction between the three specific domains of HuR protein and one or several U- or AU-rich elements (AREs) in the untranslated region of target mRNAs. A number of cancer-related transcripts containing AREs, including mRNAs for proto-oncogenes, cytokines, growth factors, and invasion factors, have been characterized as HuR targets. It has been proposed that HuR has a central tumorigenic activity by enabling multiple cancer phenotypes. In this review, we comprehensively survey the existing evidence with regard to the diverse functions of HuR in caner development and progression. The current data also suggest that HuR might be a novel and promising therapeutic target and a marker for treatment response and prognostic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital, Jinan Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Jinan 250031, China; E-Mails: (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.B.); (B.W.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-531-5166-5336; Fax: +86-531-5166-6649
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Outpatient, Military Command of Shandong Province, Jinan 250013, China; E-Mail:
| | - Huili Chu
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital, Jinan Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Jinan 250031, China; E-Mails: (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.B.); (B.W.)
| | - Yaping Guan
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital, Jinan Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Jinan 250031, China; E-Mails: (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.B.); (B.W.)
| | - Jingwang Bi
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital, Jinan Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Jinan 250031, China; E-Mails: (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.B.); (B.W.)
| | - Baocheng Wang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital, Jinan Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Jinan 250031, China; E-Mails: (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.B.); (B.W.)
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Hong Z, Jiang J, Ma J, Dai S, Xu T, Li H, Yasui A. The role of hnRPUL1 involved in DNA damage response is related to PARP1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60208. [PMID: 23577092 PMCID: PMC3618279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U-like 1 (hnRPUL1) -also known as adenovirus early region 1B-associated proteins 5 (E1B-AP5) - plays a role in RNA metabolism. Recently, hnRPUL1 has also been shown to be involved in DNA damage response, but the function of hnRPUL1 in response to DNA damage remains unclear. Here, we have demonstrated that hnRPUL1 is associated with PARP1 and recruited to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) sites in a PARP1-mediated poly (ADP-ribosyl) ation dependent manner. In turn, hnRPUL1 knockdown enhances the recruitment of PARP1 to DSBs sites. Specifically, we showed that hnRPUL1 is also implicated in the transcriptional regulation of PARP1 gene. Thus, we propose hnRPUL1 as a new component related to PARP1 in DNA damage response and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Hong
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- Division of Dynamic proteome, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail: (ZH); (AY)
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nanjing Municipal Government Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Division of Dynamic proteome, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jiaolong Ma
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Shikui Dai
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Akira Yasui
- Division of Dynamic proteome, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail: (ZH); (AY)
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Tchurikov NA, Kretova OV, Fedoseeva DM, Sosin DV, Grachev SA, Serebraykova MV, Romanenko SA, Vorobieva NV, Kravatsky YV. DNA double-strand breaks coupled with PARP1 and HNRNPA2B1 binding sites flank coordinately expressed domains in human chromosomes. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003429. [PMID: 23593027 PMCID: PMC3616924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome instability plays a key role in multiple biological processes and diseases, including cancer. Genome-wide mapping of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is important for understanding both chromosomal architecture and specific chromosomal regions at DSBs. We developed a method for precise genome-wide mapping of blunt-ended DSBs in human chromosomes, and observed non-random fragmentation and DSB hot spots. These hot spots are scattered along chromosomes and delimit protected 50-250 kb DNA domains. We found that about 30% of the domains (denoted forum domains) possess coordinately expressed genes and that PARP1 and HNRNPA2B1 specifically bind DNA sequences at the forum domain termini. Thus, our data suggest a novel type of gene regulation: a coordinated transcription or silencing of gene clusters delimited by DSB hot spots as well as PARP1 and HNRNPa2B1 binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolai A Tchurikov
- Department of Genome Organization, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia.
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48
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Integrative genome-wide analysis reveals cooperative regulation of alternative splicing by hnRNP proteins. Cell Rep 2013; 1:167-78. [PMID: 22574288 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how RNA binding proteins control the splicing code is fundamental to human biology and disease. Here, we present a comprehensive study to elucidate how heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoparticle (hnRNP) proteins, among the most abundant RNA binding proteins, coordinate to regulate alternative pre-mRNA splicing (AS) in human cells. Using splicing-sensitive microarrays, crosslinking and immunoprecipitation coupled with high-throughput sequencing (CLIP-seq), and cDNA sequencing, we find that more than half of all AS events are regulated by multiple hnRNP proteins and that some combinations of hnRNP proteins exhibit significant synergy, whereas others act antagonistically. Our analyses reveal position-dependent RNA splicing maps, in vivo consensus binding sites, a surprising level of cross- and autoregulation among hnRNP proteins, and the coordinated regulation by hnRNP proteins of dozens of other RNA binding proteins and genes associated with cancer. Our findings define an unprecedented degree of complexity and compensatory relationships among hnRNP proteins and their splicing targets that likely confer robustness to cells.
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Maruo T, Ichikawa T, Kanzaki H, Inoue S, Kurozumi K, Onishi M, Yoshida K, Kambara H, Ouchida M, Shimizu K, Tamaru S, Chiocca EA, Date I. Proteomics-based analysis of invasion-related proteins in malignant gliomas. Neuropathology 2012; 33:264-75. [PMID: 23116197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2012.01361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the insidious biological features of gliomas is their potential to extensively invade normal brain tissue, yet molecular mechanisms that dictate this locally invasive behavior remain poorly understood. To investigate the molecular basis of invasion by malignant gliomas, proteomic analysis was performed using a pair of canine glioma subclones - J3T-1 and J3T-2 - that show different invasion phenotypes in rat brains but have similar genetic backgrounds. Two-dimensional protein electrophoresis of whole-cell lysates of J3T-1 (angiogenesis-dependent invasion phenotype) and J3T-2 (angiogenesis-independent invasion phenotype) was performed. Twenty-two distinct spots were recognized when significant alteration was defined as more than 1.5-fold change in spot intensity between J3T-1 and J3T-2. Four proteins that demonstrated increased expression in J3T-1, and 14 proteins that demonstrated increased expression in J3T-2 were identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. One of the proteins identified was annexin A2, which was expressed at higher levels in J3T-1 than in J3T-2. The higher expression of annexin A2 in J3T-1 was corroborated by quantitative RT-PCR of the cultured cells and immunohistochemical staining of the rat brain tumors. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis of human glioblastoma specimens showed that annexin A2 was expressed at high levels in the tumor cells that formed clusters around dilated vessels. These results reveal differences in the proteomic profiles between these two cell lines that might correlate with their different invasion profiles. Thus, annexin A2 may be related to angiogenesis-dependent invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Maruo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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50
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Guo Y, Zhao J, Bi J, Wu Q, Wang X, Lai Q. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) is a tissue biomarker for detection of early hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis. J Hematol Oncol 2012; 5:37. [PMID: 22760167 PMCID: PMC3425156 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-5-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors occurring mainly in patients with chronic liver disease. Detection of early HCC is critically important for treatment of these patients. Methods We employed a proteomic profiling approach to identify potential biomarker for early HCC detection. Based on Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging classification, 15 early HCC and 25 late HCC tissue samples from post-operative HCC patients and their clinicopathological data were used for the discovery of biomarkers specific for the detection of early HCC. Differential proteins among cirrhotic, early, and late tissue samples were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and subsequently identified by mass spectrometry (MS). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis were performed to find potential biomarkers associated with early HCC. Diagnosis performance of the biomarker was obtained from diagnosis test. Results Protein spot SSP2215 was found to be significantly overexpressed in HCC, particularly in early HCC, and identified as heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) by tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF/TOF). The overexpression in HCC was subsequently validated by western blot and immunohistochemistry. ROC curve analysis showed that hnRNP K intensity could detect early HCC at 66.67 % sensitivity and 84 % specificity, which was superior to serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) in detection of early HCC. Furthermore, the diagnosis test demonstrated, when combined with hnRNP K and serum AFP as biomarker panel to detect early HCC at different cut-off value, the sensitivity and specificity could be enhanced to 93.33 % and 96 %, respectively. Conclusions hnRNP K is a potential tissue biomarker, either alone or in combination with serum AFP, for detection of early HCC. High expression of hnRNP K could be helpful to discriminate early HCC from a nonmalignant nodule, especially for patients with liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantong Guo
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
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