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Ramazi S, Daddzadi M, Sahafnejad Z, Allahverdi A. Epigenetic regulation in lung cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e401. [PMID: 37901797 PMCID: PMC10600507 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is indeed a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The development of tumors involves a complex interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation (DNAm), histone modifications, and microRNA expression, play a crucial role in this process. Changes in DNAm patterns can lead to the silencing of important genes involved in cellular functions, contributing to the development and progression of lung cancer. MicroRNAs and exosomes have also emerged as reliable biomarkers for lung cancer. They can provide valuable information about early diagnosis and treatment assessment. In particular, abnormal hypermethylation of gene promoters and its effects on tumorigenesis, as well as its roles in the Wnt signaling pathway, have been extensively studied. Epigenetic drugs have shown promise in the treatment of lung cancer. These drugs target the aberrant epigenetic modifications that are involved in the development and progression of the disease. Several factors have been identified as drug targets in non-small cell lung cancer. Recently, combination therapy has been discussed as a successful strategy for overcoming drug resistance. Overall, understanding the role of epigenetic mechanisms and their targeting through drugs is an important area of research in lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Ramazi
- Department of BiophysicsFaculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Meadeh Daddzadi
- Department of BiotechnologyFaculty of Advanced Science and TechnologyTehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Zahra Sahafnejad
- Department of BiophysicsFaculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Abdollah Allahverdi
- Department of BiophysicsFaculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
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2
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Howe C, Mitchell J, Kim SJ, Im E, Rhee SH. Pten gene deletion in intestinal epithelial cells enhances susceptibility to Salmonella Typhimurium infection in mice. J Microbiol 2019; 57:1012-1018. [PMID: 31555991 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-019-9320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is typically considered a tumor-suppressor gene, it was recently suggested that PTEN regulates TLR5-induced immune and inflammatory responses in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), suggesting an immunomodulatory function of PTEN in the gut. However, this alternative function of PTEN has not yet been evaluated in an in vivo context of protection against enteropathogenic bacteria. To address this, we utilized IEC-restricted Pten knockout (PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC) and littermate Pten+/+ mice. These mice were subjected to the streptomycin-pre-treated mouse model of Salmonella infection, and subsequently given an oral gavage of a low inoculum (2 × 104 CFU) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). This bacterial infection not only increased the mortality of PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC mice compared to Pten+/+ mice, but also induced deleterious gastrointestinal inflammation in PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC mice manifested by massive histological damage to the intestinal mucosa. S. Typhimurium infection up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the intestine of PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC mice compared to controls. Furthermore, bacterial loads were greatly increased in the liver, mesenteric lymph node, and spleen of PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC mice compared to controls. Together, these results suggest that IEC-restricted Pten deficiency renders the host greatly susceptible to Salmonella infection and support an immune-regulatory role of PTEN in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Howe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, 48309, USA
| | - Jonathon Mitchell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, 48309, USA
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, 48309, USA.,College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunok Im
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, 48309, USA.,College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Rhee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, 48309, USA. .,Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Differential expression of tumor-associated genes and altered gut microbiome with decreased Akkermansia muciniphila confer a tumor-preventive microenvironment in intestinal epithelial Pten-deficient mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3746-3758. [PMID: 30292635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) antagonizes PI3K-Akt signaling; therefore, Pten impairment causes tumorigenesis. However, the correlation between Pten deficiency and colon cancer has remained elusive due to numerous opposite observations. To study this correlation, we examined whether Pten deficiency in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) induces tumorigenesis. With mucosal biopsies of human colon cancer and normal colon, Pten mRNA was evaluated by quantitative PCR. Using IEC-specific Pten knockout mice (PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC), we examined the mitotic activity of IECs; and PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC; Apcmin/+ mice were generated by combining PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC with Apcmin/+ mice. Tumor-associated gene was evaluated by micro-array analysis. Fecal microbiome was analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that Pten mRNA level was reduced in human colon cancer relative to normal tissues. Augmented chromatids, increased Ki-67 and PCNA expression, and enhanced Akt activation were identified in IECs of PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC mice compared to Pten+/+ littermate. Combining PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC with Apcmin/+ condition caused rapid and aggressive intestinal tumorigenesis. However, PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC mice did not develop any tumors. While maintaining the tumor-driving potential, these data indicated that IEC-Pten deficiency alone did not induce tumorigenesis in mice. Furthermore, the expression of tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing genes was decreased and increased, respectively, in the intestine of PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC mice compared to controls. The abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, capable of inducing chronic intestinal inflammation, was diminished in PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC mice compared to controls. These findings suggested that altered tumor-associated gene expression and changed gut microbiota shape a tumor-preventive microenvironment to counteract the tumor-driving potential, leading to the tumor prevention in PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC mice.
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Costa MP, Feitosa ACS, Oliveira FCE, Cavalcanti BC, Dias GG, Caetano EWS, Sales FAM, Freire VN, Di Fiore S, Fischer R, Ladeira LO, da Silva Júnior EN, Pessoa C. Encapsulation of nor-β-lapachone into poly(d,l)-lactide- co-glycolide (PLGA) microcapsules: full characterization, computational details and cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1993-2002. [PMID: 30108718 PMCID: PMC6071939 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00196g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we characterize nor-β-lapachone-loaded (NβL-loaded) microcapsules prepared using an emulsification/solvent extraction technique. Features such as surface morphology, particle size distribution, zeta potential, optical absorption, Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectra, thermal analysis data, drug encapsulation efficiency, drug release kinetics and in vitro cytotoxicity were studied. Spherical microcapsules with a size of 1.03 ± 0.46 μm were produced with an encapsulation efficiency of approximately 19%. Quantum DFT calculations were also performed to estimate typical interaction energies between a single nor-β-lapachone molecule and the surface of the microparticles. The NβL-loaded PLGA microcapsules exhibited a pronounced initial burst release. After the in vitro treatment with NβL-loaded microcapsules, a clear phagocytosis of the spheres was observed in a few minutes. The cytotoxic activity against a set of cancer cell lines was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcília P Costa
- Pharmacy Course , Federal University of Piauí , 64049-550 Teresina , PI , Brazil
| | - Anderson C S Feitosa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Federal University of Ceará , 60430-270 Fortaleza , CE , Brazil .
| | - Fátima C E Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Federal University of Ceará , 60430-270 Fortaleza , CE , Brazil .
| | - Bruno C Cavalcanti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Federal University of Ceará , 60430-270 Fortaleza , CE , Brazil .
| | - Gleiston G Dias
- Institute of Exact Sciences , Department of Chemistry , Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , 31270-901 , MG , Brazil . ; Tel: +55 31 34095720
| | - Ewerton W S Caetano
- Department of Secondary School and Teachers College , Federal Institute of Ceará , 60040-531 Fortaleza , CE , Brazil
- Federal Institute of Ceará , 63503-790 Iguatu , CE , Brazil
| | - Francisco A M Sales
- Department of Secondary School and Teachers College , Federal Institute of Ceará , 60040-531 Fortaleza , CE , Brazil
- Federal Institute of Ceará , 63503-790 Iguatu , CE , Brazil
| | - Valder N Freire
- Department of Physics , Federal University of Ceará , 60455-760 Fortaleza , CE , Brazil
| | - Stefano Di Fiore
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , 52074 , Aachen , Germany
| | - Rainer Fischer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , 52074 , Aachen , Germany
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology , RWTH Aachen University , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Luiz O Ladeira
- Institute of Exact Sciences , Department of Physics , Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , 31270-901 , MG , Brazil
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Institute of Exact Sciences , Department of Chemistry , Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , 31270-901 , MG , Brazil . ; Tel: +55 31 34095720
| | - Claudia Pessoa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Federal University of Ceará , 60430-270 Fortaleza , CE , Brazil .
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , 60180-900 Fortaleza , CE , Brazil
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Nwabo Kamdje AH, Kamga PT, Simo RT, Vecchio L, Seke Etet PF, Muller JM, Bassi G, Lukong E, Goel RK, Amvene JM, Krampera M. Mesenchymal stromal cells' role in tumor microenvironment: involvement of signaling pathways. Cancer Biol Med 2017; 14:129-141. [PMID: 28607804 PMCID: PMC5444925 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2016.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent stem cells residing as pericytes in various tissues and organs where they can differentiate into specialized cells to replace dying cells and damaged tissues. These cells are commonly found at injury sites and in tumors that are known to behave like " wounds that do not heal." In this article, we discuss the mechanisms of MSCs in migrating, homing, and repairing injured tissues. We also review a number of reports showing that tumor microenvironment triggers plasticity mechanisms in MSCs to induce malignant neoplastic tissue formation, maintenance, and chemoresistance, as well as tumor growth. The antitumor properties and therapeutic potential of MSCs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Takam Kamga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Richard Tagne Simo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Lorella Vecchio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | | | - Jean Marc Muller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Giulio Bassi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Erique Lukong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Raghuveera Kumar Goel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Jeremie Mbo Amvene
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
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GSTP1 Methylation and Protein Expression in Prostate Cancer: Diagnostic Implications. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:4358292. [PMID: 27594734 PMCID: PMC4995330 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4358292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
GSTP1 belongs to the GSTs family, a group of enzymes involved in detoxification of exogenous substances and it also plays an important role in cell cycle regulation. Its dysregulation correlates with a large variety of tumors, in particular with prostate cancer. We investigated GSTP1 methylation status with methylation specific PCR (MS-PCR) in prostate cancer (PCa) and in benign tissue of 56 prostatectomies. We also performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) so as to correlate gene methylation with gene silencing. GSTP1 appears methylated in PCa and not in healthy tissue; IHC confirmed that methylation leads to protein underexpression (p < 0.001). GSTP1 is highly expressed in basal cell layer and luminal cells in benign glands while in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) it stains only basal cell layer, whereas PCa glands are completely negative. We demonstrated that methylation leads to underexpression of GSTP1. The progressive loss of GSTP1 expression from healthy glands to PIN and to PCa glands underlines its involvement in early carcinogenesis.
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Braun FK, Mathur R, Sehgal L, Wilkie-Grantham R, Chandra J, Berkova Z, Samaniego F. Inhibition of methyltransferases accelerates degradation of cFLIP and sensitizes B-cell lymphoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117994. [PMID: 25738497 PMCID: PMC4349737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are characterized by specific abnormalities that alter cell cycle regulation, DNA damage response, and apoptotic signaling. It is believed that cancer cells are particularly sensitive to cell death induced by tumor necrosis factor α–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). However, many cancer cells show blocked TRAIL signaling due to up-regulated expression of anti-apoptotic factors, such as cFLIP. This hurdle to TRAIL’s tumor cytotoxicity might be overcome by combining TRAIL-based therapy with drugs that reverse blockages of its apoptotic signaling. In this study, we investigated the impact of a pan-methyltransferase inhibitor (3-deazaneplanocin A, or DZNep) on TRAIL-induced apoptosis in aggressive B-cell NHLs: mantle cell, Burkitt, and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. We characterized TRAIL apoptosis regulation and caspase activation in several NHL-derived cell lines pre-treated with DZNep. We found that DZNep increased cancer cell sensitivity to TRAIL signaling by promoting caspase-8 processing through accelerated cFLIP degradation. No change in cFLIP mRNA level indicated independence of promoter methylation alterations in methyltransferase activity induced by DZNep profoundly affected cFLIP mRNA stability and protein stability. This appears to be in part through increased levels of cFLIP-targeting microRNAs (miR-512-3p and miR-346). However, additional microRNAs and cFLIP-regulating mechanisms appear to be involved in DZNep-mediated enhanced response to extrinsic apoptotic stimuli. The capacity of DZNep to target cFLIP expression on multiple levels underscores DZNep’s potential in TRAIL-based therapies for B-cell NHLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank K. Braun
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rohit Mathur
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lalit Sehgal
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rachel Wilkie-Grantham
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Joya Chandra
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zuzana Berkova
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Felipe Samaniego
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kamdje AHN, Etet PFS, Vecchio L, Tagne RS, Amvene JM, Muller JM, Krampera M, Lukong KE. New targeted therapies for breast cancer: A focus on tumor microenvironmental signals and chemoresistant breast cancers. World J Clin Cases 2014; 2:769-86. [PMID: 25516852 PMCID: PMC4266825 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v2.i12.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent female malignancy worldwide. Current strategies in breast cancer therapy, including classical chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapies, are usually associated with chemoresistance and serious adverse effects. Advances in our understanding of changes affecting the interactome in advanced and chemoresistant breast tumors have provided novel therapeutic targets, including, cyclin dependent kinases, mammalian target of rapamycin, Notch, Wnt and Shh. Inhibitors of these molecules recently entered clinical trials in mono- and combination therapy in metastatic and chemo-resistant breast cancers. Anticancer epigenetic drugs, mainly histone deacetylase inhibitors and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, also entered clinical trials. Because of the complexity and heterogeneity of breast cancer, the future in therapy lies in the application of individualized tailored regimens. Emerging therapeutic targets and the implications for personalized-based therapy development in breast cancer are herein discussed.
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