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Nosaka T, Murata Y, Akazawa Y, Tanaka T, Takahashi K, Naito T, Matsuda H, Ohtani M, Imamura Y, Nakamoto Y. Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression in Circulating Tumor Cells as a Predictor and Monitor of Response to Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab Treatment in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1785. [PMID: 38730737 PMCID: PMC11083531 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
There remains no reliable biomarker of therapeutic efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for the PD-L1 inhibitor atezolizumab and bevacizumab (Atezo/Bev). Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) enable the serial collection of living tumor cells. Pre-treatment and serial CTC gene expression changes and tumor histology were evaluated to identify predictors of response to Atezo/Bev. Peripheral blood from 22 patients with HCC treated with Atezo/Bev and 24 patients treated with lenvatinib was serially collected. The RNA expression in CTCs was analyzed using qRT-PCR. Higher PD-L1 expression in pre-treatment CTCs was associated with response and improved prognosis with Atezo/Bev treatment, but not with lenvatinib. There was no correlation between PD-L1 expression in CTCs and that in liver tumor biopsy specimens scored using imaging software. Furthermore, PD-L1 RNA expression in CTCs was dynamically altered by Atezo/Bev, decreasing during effective response and increasing upon progression. CTC-derived RNA collected during Atezo/Bev indicates that patients with higher PD-L1 expression in CTCs at baseline were 3.9 times more responsive to treatment. Therefore, PD-L1 RNA levels in CTCs are an accurate response predictor and may be a monitorable biomarker that changes dynamically to reflect the response during Atezo/Bev treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Nosaka
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.); (T.T.); (K.T.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Yosuke Murata
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.); (T.T.); (K.T.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Yu Akazawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.); (T.T.); (K.T.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Tomoko Tanaka
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.); (T.T.); (K.T.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Kazuto Takahashi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.); (T.T.); (K.T.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Tatsushi Naito
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.); (T.T.); (K.T.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Hidetaka Matsuda
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.); (T.T.); (K.T.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Masahiro Ohtani
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.); (T.T.); (K.T.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Yoshiaki Imamura
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology/Surgical Pathology, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui 910-1193, Japan;
| | - Yasunari Nakamoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.); (T.T.); (K.T.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
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2
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Nabi N, Singh S, Saffeullah P. An updated review on distribution, biosynthesis and pharmacological effects of artemisinin: A wonder drug. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 214:113798. [PMID: 37517615 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based drugs have been used for centuries for treating different ailments. Malaria, one of the prevalent threats in many parts of the world, is treated mainly by artemisinin-based drugs derived from plants of genus Artemisia. However, the distribution of artemisinin is restricted to a few species of the genus; besides, its yield depends on ontogeny and the plant's geographical location. Here, we review the studies focusing on biosynthesis and distributional pattern of artemisinin production in species of the genus Artemisia. We also discussed various agronomic and in vitro methods and molecular approaches to increase the yield of artemisinin. We have summarized different mechanisms of artemisinin involved in its anti-malarial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities (like against Covid-19). Overall the current review provides a synopsis of a global view of the distribution of artemisinin, its biosynthesis, and pharmacological potential in treating various diseases like malaria, cancer, and coronavirus, which may provoke future research efforts in drug development. Nevertheless, long-term trials and molecular approaches, like CRISPR-Cas, are required for in-depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelofer Nabi
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Peer Saffeullah
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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3
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Kalinina A, Persiyantseva N, Britanova O, Lupyr K, Shagina I, Khromykh L, Kazansky D. Unique features of the TCR repertoire of reactivated memory T cells in the experimental mouse tumor model. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:3196-3209. [PMID: 37333858 PMCID: PMC10275742 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell engineering with T cell receptors (TCR) specific to tumor antigens has become a breakthrough towards personalized cancer adoptive cell immunotherapy. However, the search for therapeutic TCRs is often challenging, and effective strategies are strongly required for the identification and enrichment of tumor-specific T cells that express TCRs with superior functional characteristics. Using an experimental mouse tumor model, we studied sequential changes in TCR repertoire features of T cells involved in the primary and secondary immune responses to allogeneic tumor antigens. In-depth bioinformatics analysis of TCR repertoires showed differences in reactivated memory T cells compared to primarily activated effectors. After cognate antigen re-encounter, memory cells were enriched with clonotypes that express α-chain TCR with high potential cross-reactivity and enhanced strength of interaction with both MHC and docked peptides. Our findings suggest that functionally true memory T cells could be a better source of therapeutic TCRs for adoptive cell therapy. No marked changes were observed in the physicochemical characteristics of TCRβ in reactivated memory clonotypes, indicative of the dominant role of TCRα in the secondary allogeneic immune response. The results of this study could further contribute to the development of TCR-modified T cell products based on the phenomenon of TCR chain centricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Kalinina
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nadezda Persiyantseva
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Britanova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya st. 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova st.1, 17997 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ksenia Lupyr
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoi boulevard 30c1, 121205 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova st.1,build. 1, 17997 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Shagina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya st. 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova st.1, 17997 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ludmila Khromykh
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Kazansky
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russian Federation
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4
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Mei X, Li H, Zhou X, Cheng M, Cui K. The Emerging Role of Tissue-Resident Memory CD8 + T Lymphocytes in Human Digestive Tract Cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 11:819505. [PMID: 35096624 PMCID: PMC8795735 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.819505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant digestive tract tumors are a great threat to human public health. In addition to surgery, immunotherapy brings hope for the treatment of these tumors. Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (Trm) cells are a focus of tumor immunology research and treatment due to their powerful cytotoxic effects, ability to directly kill epithelial-derived tumor cells, and overall impact on maintaining mucosal homeostasis and antitumor function in the digestive tract. They are a group of noncirculating immune cells expressing adhesion and migration molecules such as CD69, CD103, and CD49a that primarily reside on the barrier epithelium of nonlymphoid organs and respond rapidly to both viral and bacterial infection and tumorigenesis. This review highlights new research exploring the role of CD8+ Trm cells in a variety of digestive tract malignant tumors, including esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. A summary of CD8+ Trm cell phenotypes and characteristics, tissue distribution, and antitumor functions in different tumor environments is provided, illustrating how these cells may be used in immunotherapies against digestive tract tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Mei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated With Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinpeng Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Hefei, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, China.,Cancer Immunotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Kele Cui
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, China.,Cancer Immunotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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5
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Perrin J, Capitao M, Allard M, Chouin N, Gouard S, Marionneau-Lambot S, Louvet C, Donnadieu E, Bruchertseifer F, Morgenstern A, Chérel M, Gaschet J, Guilloux Y. Targeted alpha particle therapy remodels the tumor microenvironment and improves efficacy of immunotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 112:790-801. [PMID: 34699930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor microenvironment (TME) can severely impair immunotherapy efficacy by repressing the immune system. In a Multiple Myeloma (MM) murine model, we investigated the impact of Targeted alpha-particle therapy (TAT) on the immune TME. TAT was combined with an adoptive cell transfer of CD8 T-cells (ACT), and the mechanisms of action of this combination were assessed at the tumor site. METHODS This combination treatment was conducted in a syngeneic MM murine model grafted subcutaneously. TAT was delivered by i.v. injection of a bismuth-213 radiolabelled anti-CD138 antibody. To strengthen anti-tumor immune response, TAT was combined with an ACT of tumor specific CD8+ OT-1 T-cells. The tumors were collected and the immune TME analyzed by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and ex vivo T-cell motility assay on tumor slices. The chemokine and cytokine productions were also assessed by RT-qPCR. RESULTS Tumor specific CD8+ OT-1 T-cells infiltrated the tumors after ACT. However only treatment with TAT resulted in regulatory CD4 T-cell drop and transient increased production of IL-2, CCL-5 and IFNγ within the tumor. Moreover, OT-1 T-cell recruitment and motility were increased on tumor slices from TAT-treated mice as observed by ex vivo time lapse, contributing to a more homogeneous distribution of OT-1 T-cells in the tumor. Subsequently, the tumor cells increased PD-L1 expression, anti-tumor cytokine production decreased and OT-1 T-cells overexpressed exhaustion markers, suggesting an exhaustion of the immune response. CONCLUSION Combining TAT and ACT seems to transiently remodel the cold TME, improving ACT efficiency. The immune response then leads to the establishment of other tumor cell resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Perrin
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Marisa Capitao
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Mathilde Allard
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Chouin
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, ONIRIS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Sebastien Gouard
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | | | - Cédric Louvet
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuel Donnadieu
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS, UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Michel Chérel
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France; Nuclear Medicine Unit, ICO Cancer Center Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Joëlle Gaschet
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Yannick Guilloux
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.
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6
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Buss LA, Hock B, Merry TL, Ang AD, Robinson BA, Currie MJ, Dachs GU. Effect of immune modulation on the skeletal muscle mitochondrial exercise response: An exploratory study in mice with cancer. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258831. [PMID: 34665826 PMCID: PMC8525738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer causes mitochondrial alterations in skeletal muscle, which may progress to muscle wasting and, ultimately, to cancer cachexia. Understanding how exercise adaptations are altered by cancer and cancer treatment is important for the effective design of exercise interventions aimed at improving cancer outcomes. We conducted an exploratory study to investigate how tumor burden and cancer immunotherapy treatment (anti-PD-1) modify the skeletal muscle mitochondrial response to exercise training in mice with transplantable tumors (B16-F10 melanoma and EO771 breast cancer). Mice remained sedentary or were provided with running wheels for ~19 days immediately following tumor implant while receiving no treatment (Untreated), isotype control antibody (IgG2a) or anti-PD-1. Exercise and anti-PD-1 did not alter the growth rate of either tumor type, either alone or in combination therapy. Untreated mice with B16-F10 tumors showed increases in most measured markers of skeletal muscle mitochondrial content following exercise training, as did anti-PD-1-treated mice, suggesting increased mitochondrial content following exercise training in these groups. However, mice with B16-F10 tumors receiving the isotype control antibody did not exhibit increased skeletal muscle mitochondrial content following exercise. In untreated mice with EO771 tumors, only citrate synthase activity and complex IV activity were increased following exercise. In contrast, IgG2a and anti-PD-1-treated groups both showed robust increases in most measured markers following exercise. These results indicate that in mice with B16-F10 tumors, IgG2a administration prevents exercise adaptation of skeletal muscle mitochondria, but adaptation remains intact in mice receiving anti-PD-1. In mice with EO771 tumors, both IgG2a and anti-PD-1-treated mice show robust skeletal muscle mitochondrial exercise responses, while untreated mice do not. Taken together, we postulate that immune modulation may enhance skeletal muscle mitochondrial response to exercise in tumor-bearing mice, and suggest this as an exciting new avenue for future research in exercise oncology.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Citrate (si)-Synthase/metabolism
- Electron Transport Complex IV/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Immunoglobulin G/administration & dosage
- Immunoglobulin G/pharmacology
- Immunotherapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Physical Conditioning, Animal/methods
- Random Allocation
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A. Buss
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - Barry Hock
- Hematology Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Troy L. Merry
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Abel D. Ang
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Bridget A. Robinson
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Canterbury Regional Cancer and Hematology Service, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Margaret J. Currie
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Gabi U. Dachs
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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7
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Li Z, Deng J, Sun J, Ma Y. Hyperthermia Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment Facilitates Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Front Immunol 2020; 11:595207. [PMID: 33240283 PMCID: PMC7680736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.595207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have ushered in a new era of cancer therapy; however, ICIs are only effective in selective patients. The efficacy of ICIs is closely related to the tumor microenvironment. Fever for a long time was thought to directly regulate the immune response, and artificial “fever” from hyperthermia modulates the tumor immune microenvironment by providing danger signals with heat shock proteins (HSPs) as well as subsequent activation of immune systems. Encouraging results have been achieved in preclinical studies focused on potential synergetic effects by combining hyperthermia with ICIs. In this review, we summarized a cluster of immune-related factors that not only make hyperthermia a treatment capable of defending against cancer but also make hyperthermia a reliable treatment that creates a type I-like tumor microenvironment (overexpression of PD-L1 and enrichment of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes) in complementary for the enhancement of the ICIs. Then we reviewed recent preclinical data of the combination regimens involving hyperthermia and ICIs that demonstrated the combined efficacy and illustrated possible approaches to further boost the effectiveness of this combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Li
- Oncology Department, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Oncology Department, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianhai Sun
- Oncology Department, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanling Ma
- Oncology Department, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
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8
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Targeting STAT3 and STAT5 in Tumor-Associated Immune Cells to Improve Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121832. [PMID: 31766350 PMCID: PMC6966642 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogene-induced STAT3-activation is central to tumor progression by promoting cancer cell expression of pro-angiogenic and immunosuppressive factors. STAT3 is also activated in infiltrating immune cells including tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) amplifying immune suppression. Consequently, STAT3 is considered as a target for cancer therapy. However, its interplay with other STAT-family members or transcription factors such as NF-κB has to be considered in light of their concerted regulation of immune-related genes. Here, we discuss new attempts at re-educating immune suppressive tumor-associated macrophages towards a CD8 T cell supporting profile, with an emphasis on the role of STAT transcription factors on TAM functional programs. Recent clinical trials using JAK/STAT inhibitors highlighted the negative effects of these molecules on the maintenance and function of effector/memory T cells. Concerted regulation of STAT3 and STAT5 activation in CD8 T effector and memory cells has been shown to impact their tumor-specific responses including intra-tumor accumulation, long-term survival, cytotoxic activity and resistance toward tumor-derived immune suppression. Interestingly, as an escape mechanism, melanoma cells were reported to impede STAT5 nuclear translocation in both CD8 T cells and NK cells. Ours and others results will be discussed in the perspective of new developments in engineered T cell-based adoptive therapies to treat cancer patients.
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9
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Fontana F, Fusciello M, Groeneveldt C, Capasso C, Chiaro J, Feola S, Liu Z, Mäkilä EM, Salonen JJ, Hirvonen JT, Cerullo V, Santos HA. Biohybrid Vaccines for Improved Treatment of Aggressive Melanoma with Checkpoint Inhibitor. ACS NANO 2019; 13:6477-6490. [PMID: 31100004 PMCID: PMC6595659 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent approaches in the treatment of cancer focus on involving the immune system to control the tumor growth. The administration of immunotherapies, like checkpoint inhibitors, has shown impressive results in the long term survival of patients. Cancer vaccines are being investigated as further tools to prime tumor-specific immunity. Biomaterials show potential as adjuvants in the formulation of vaccines, and biomimetic elements derived from the membrane of tumor cells may widen the range of antigens contained in the vaccine. Here, we show how mice presenting an aggressive melanoma tumor model treated twice with the complete nanovaccine formulation showed control on the tumor progression, while in a less aggressive model, the animals showed remission and control on the tumor progression, with a modification in the immunological profile of the tumor microenvironment. We also prove that co-administration of the nanovaccine together with a checkpoint inhibitor increases the efficacy of the treatment (87.5% of the animals responding, with 2 remissions) compared to the checkpoint inhibitor alone in the B16.OVA model. Our platform thereby shows potential applications as a cancer nanovaccine in combination with the standard clinical care treatment for melanoma cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Fontana
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Manlio Fusciello
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christianne Groeneveldt
- Division
of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Cristian Capasso
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jacopo Chiaro
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Feola
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zehua Liu
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ermei M. Mäkilä
- Laboratory
of Industrial Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jarno J. Salonen
- Laboratory
of Industrial Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jouni T. Hirvonen
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki
Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University
of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- E-mail:
| | - Hélder A. Santos
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki
Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University
of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- E-mail:
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10
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miR-28 modulates exhaustive differentiation of T cells through silencing programmed cell death-1 and regulating cytokine secretion. Oncotarget 2018; 7:53735-53750. [PMID: 27447564 PMCID: PMC5288217 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell exhaustion is a state of T cell dysfunction that arises during many cancer. miRNAs are one of major gene regulators which result in translational inhibition and/or mRNA degradation. We hypothesized that miRNAs exist that can silence PD1 and act as a modulator in vitro to revert exhaustive status of T cells. We demonstrated that the exhausted T cells with inhibitory receptors (IRs) are significantly increased in the melanoma-bearing mice. Meanwhile, the differentiated miRNA profiles in PD1+ exhaustive T cells were identified using a miRNA array; 11 miRNAs were observed with significant altered levels in the exhausted T cells isolated from melanoma-bearing mice. Among those identified miRNA candidates, miR-28 was capable of binding to multiple IRs based on an in silico analysis and subsequently silencing PD1, as demonstrated by a dual luciferase assay. Moreover, the expression of PD1 was attenuated after transfection with miR-28 mimic. The ability of miR-28 in regulating T cell exhaustion was further evidenced by the fact that the expression of PD1, TIM3 and BTLA of exhausted T cells was increased by the inhibitor of miR28. On the other hand, miR-28 also regulated the PD1+ Foxp3+ and TIM3+ Foxp3+ exhaustive Treg cells in vitro. miR-28 regulating T cell exhaustion was also observed by its ability in reinstalling impaired secretion of cytokines IL-2 and TNF-α by exhausted T cells. This study is the first to discover the effect of miR-28 on T cell exhaustion, providing novel targets with potential use as therapeutic markers in cancer immunotherapy.
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Davoodzadeh Gholami M, Kardar GA, Saeedi Y, Heydari S, Garssen J, Falak R. Exhaustion of T lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment: Significance and effective mechanisms. Cell Immunol 2017; 322:1-14. [PMID: 29079339 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
T lymphocytes play crucial roles in adaptive immune responses to tumors. However, due to different tolerance mechanisms and inhibitory effects of the tumor microenvironment (TME) on T cells, responses to tumors are insufficient. In fact, cellular and molecular suppressive mechanisms repress T cell responses in the TME, resulting in senescent, anergic and exhausted lymphocytes. Exhaustion is a poor responsive status of T cells, with up-regulated expression of inhibitory receptors, decreased production of effective cytokines, and reduced cytotoxic activity. Low immunogenicity of tumor antigens and inadequate presentation of tumor-specific antigens results in inappropriate activation of naive T lymphocytes against tumor antigens. Moreover, when effector cytotoxic T cells enter TME, they encounter a complicated network of cells and cytokines that suppress their effectiveness and turn them into exhausted T cells. Thus, the mechanism of T cell exhaustion in cancer is different from that in chronic infections. In this review we will discuss the main components such as inhibitory receptors, inflammatory cells, stromal cells, cytokine milieu as well as environmental and metabolic conditions in TME which play role in development of exhaustion. Furthermore, recent therapeutic methods available to overcome exhaustion will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Davoodzadeh Gholami
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gholam Ali Kardar
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yousef Saeedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Netherlands.
| | - Sahel Heydari
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Johan Garssen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Netherlands.
| | - Reza Falak
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Boudousquie C, Bossi G, Hurst JM, Rygiel KA, Jakobsen BK, Hassan NJ. Polyfunctional response by ImmTAC (IMCgp100) redirected CD8 + and CD4 + T cells. Immunology 2017. [PMID: 28640942 PMCID: PMC5629433 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of immune system-based cancer therapies depends on a broad immune response engaging a range of effector cells and mechanisms. Immune mobilizing monoclonal T cell receptors (TCRs) against cancer (ImmTAC™ molecules: fusion proteins consisting of a soluble, affinity enhanced TCR and an anti-CD3 scFv antibody) were previously shown to redirect CD8+ and CD4+ T cells against tumours. Here we present evidence that IMCgp100 (ImmTAC recognizing a peptide derived from the melanoma-specific protein, gp100, presented by HLA-A*0201) efficiently redirects and activates effector and memory cells from both CD8+ and CD4+ repertoires. Using isolated subpopulations of T cells, we find that both terminally differentiated and effector memory CD8+ T cells redirected by IMCgp100 are potent killers of melanoma cells. Furthermore, CD4+ effector memory T cells elicit potent cytotoxic activity leading to melanoma cell killing upon redirection by IMCgp100. The majority of T cell subsets belonging to both the CD8+ and CD4+ repertoires secrete key pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin-6) and chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein-1α-β, interferon-γ-inducible protein-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1). At an individual cell level, IMCgp100-redirected T cells display a polyfunctional phenotype, which is a hallmark of a potent anti-cancer response. This study demonstrates that IMCgp100 induces broad immune responses that extend beyond the induction of CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. These findings are of particular importance because IMCgp100 is currently undergoing clinical trials as a single agent or in combination with check point inhibitors for patients with malignant melanoma.
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He R, Hou S, Liu C, Zhang A, Bai Q, Han M, Yang Y, Wei G, Shen T, Yang X, Xu L, Chen X, Hao Y, Wang P, Zhu C, Ou J, Liang H, Ni T, Zhang X, Zhou X, Deng K, Chen Y, Luo Y, Xu J, Qi H, Wu Y, Ye L. Follicular CXCR5- expressing CD8(+) T cells curtail chronic viral infection. Nature 2017; 537:412-428. [PMID: 27501245 DOI: 10.1038/nature19317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
During chronic viral infection, virus-specific CD8(+) T cells become exhausted, exhibit poor effector function and lose memory potential. However, exhausted CD8(+) T cells can still contain viral replication in chronic infections, although the mechanism of this containment is largely unknown. Here we show that a subset of exhausted CD8(+) T cells expressing the chemokine receptor CXCR5 has a critical role in the control of viral replication in mice that were chronically infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). These CXCR5(+) CD8(+) T cells were able to migrate into B-cell follicles, expressed lower levels of inhibitory receptors and exhibited more potent cytotoxicity than the CXCR5(-) [corrected] subset. Furthermore, we identified the Id2-E2A signalling axis as an important regulator of the generation of this subset. In patients with HIV, we also identified a virus-specific CXCR5(+) CD8(+) T-cell subset, and its number was inversely correlated with viral load. The CXCR5(+) subset showed greater therapeutic potential than the CXCR5(-) [corrected] subset when adoptively transferred to chronically infected mice, and exhibited synergistic reduction of viral load when combined with anti-PD-L1 treatment. This study defines a unique subset of exhausted CD8(+) T cells that has a pivotal role in the control of viral replication during chronic viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran He
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shiyue Hou
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Anli Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center &Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Qiang Bai
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Miao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering &MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center &Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Gang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering &MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering &MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xinxin Yang
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lifan Xu
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yaxing Hao
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chuhong Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Juanjuan Ou
- Department of Oncology, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Houjie Liang
- Department of Oncology, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ting Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering &MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center &Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhou
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Kai Deng
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Yadong Luo
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center &Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Hai Qi
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lilin Ye
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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14
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Monitoring PD-L1 positive circulating tumor cells in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with the PD-1 inhibitor Nivolumab. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31726. [PMID: 27553175 PMCID: PMC4995431 DOI: 10.1038/srep31726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Controversial results on the predictive value of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) status in lung tumor tissue for response to immune checkpoint inhibitors do not allow for any conclusive consideration. Liquid biopsy might allow real-time sampling of patients for PD-L1 through the course of the disease. Twenty-four stage IV NSCLC patients included in the Expanded Access Program with Nivolumab were enrolled. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were analyzed by CellSearch with anti-human B7-H1/PD-L1 PE-conjugated antibody. PD-L1 expressing CTCs were assessed at baseline, at 3 and 6 months after starting therapy, and correlated with outcome. At baseline and at 3 months of treatment, the presence of CTCs and the expression of PD-L1 on their surface were found associated to poor patients outcome. Nevertheless, the high frequency of PD-L1 expressing CTCs hampered to discriminate the role of PD-L1 in defining prognosis. Conversely although CTCs were found in all patients 6 months after treatment, at this time patients could be dichotomized into two groups based PD-L1 expression on CTCs. Patients with PD-L1 negative CTCs all obtained a clinical benefit, while patients with PD-L1 (+) CTCs all experienced progressive disease. This suggests that the persistence of PD-L1(+) CTCs might mirror a mechanism of therapy escape.
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Hebeisen M, Allard M, Gannon PO, Schmidt J, Speiser DE, Rufer N. Identifying Individual T Cell Receptors of Optimal Avidity for Tumor Antigens. Front Immunol 2015; 6:582. [PMID: 26635796 PMCID: PMC4649060 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T cells recognize, via their T cell receptors (TCRs), small antigenic peptides presented by the major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) on the surface of professional antigen-presenting cells and infected or malignant cells. The efficiency of T cell triggering critically depends on TCR binding to cognate pMHC, i.e., the TCR–pMHC structural avidity. The binding and kinetic attributes of this interaction are key parameters for protective T cell-mediated immunity, with stronger TCR–pMHC interactions conferring superior T cell activation and responsiveness than weaker ones. However, high-avidity TCRs are not always available, particularly among self/tumor antigen-specific T cells, most of which are eliminated by central and peripheral deletion mechanisms. Consequently, systematic assessment of T cell avidity can greatly help distinguishing protective from non-protective T cells. Here, we review novel strategies to assess TCR–pMHC interaction kinetics, enabling the identification of the functionally most-relevant T cells. We also discuss the significance of these technologies in determining which cells within a naturally occurring polyclonal tumor-specific T cell response would offer the best clinical benefit for use in adoptive therapies, with or without T cell engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hebeisen
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV), University of Lausanne , Epalinges , Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Allard
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV), University of Lausanne , Epalinges , Switzerland
| | - Philippe O Gannon
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV), University of Lausanne , Epalinges , Switzerland
| | - Julien Schmidt
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne , Epalinges , Switzerland ; TCMetrix Sàrl , Epalinges , Switzerland
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV), University of Lausanne , Epalinges , Switzerland ; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne , Epalinges , Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Rufer
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV), University of Lausanne , Epalinges , Switzerland ; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne , Epalinges , Switzerland
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Verdeil G. MAF drives CD8 + T-cell exhaustion. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1082707. [PMID: 27057466 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1082707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular regulation of tumor induced T-cell exhaustion remains poorly characterized. Recently, we compared the transcriptome of "exhausted" CD8+ T cells infiltrating melanomas to those of naive and acutely stimulated CD8+ T cells. We demonstrated that MAF is over-expressed and plays a key role in driving the transcriptional program of T-cell exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Verdeil
- Department of Oncology and Ludwig Cancer Research Center, University of Lausanne , Biopole 3, Ch. des Boveresses 155 , Epalinges, Switzerland
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